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Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows:A review from the perspective of systems biology

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 240-248页

作者： Bing Wang huizeng sun Diming Wang Hongyun Liu Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Cereal straw,a human inedible crop byproduct,can be used as a roughage source in ***,the nutrition density and palatability are very low,limiting its efficient utilization in animal *** review aims to systematically provide an overview of the limitations of cereal straws,which is crucial for developing new strategies to enhance the efficient use of cereal straws by lactating dairy *** molecular biology makes it possible to comprehensively understand the limitations of using cereal straw as a roughage source in dairy cows by different techniques,e.g.,*** constraints for utilization of cereal straw and stover in lactating dairy cows include low contents of easily fermented carbohydrates(pectin)and essential amino acids(Met,Phe,and branched-chain amino acids),high content of lignin and silica,and low nutrient *** cause insufficient supply of the precursors for milk synthesis and result in increased loss of nutrients in feces and *** molecular mechanisms are revealed by multi-omics techniques,including changed amino acid and glucose metabolism,altered rumen microbial composition and function,and differential expression of miRNAs,mRNA,and protein in multi-organs that are associated with milk *** can be targets of approaches to improve the utilization of cereal straw by dairy *** addition,much attention should be given to the efficient countermeasures,including pretreatments by fibrolytic enzymes or steam explosion,dietary formulations such as supplement of pectin,methionine,and branched-chain amino acids,and feeding with other functional feedstuffs,which may improve the feeding and economic value of cereal straw for lactating dairy *** newly revealed functional genes(such as BAG3 in the rumen,PC in the liver,CSN1S2 in the mammary gland)and biomarkers(hippuric acid)as well as the integrative signaling and metabolic pathways(phenylalanine metabolism)related to the shortages

关键词： Amino acid metabolism Cereal straw Glucose utilization Metabolites Rumen microbiome

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Biomarker and pathway analyses of urine metabolomics in dairy cows when corn stover replaces alfalfa hay

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 119-127页

作者： huizeng sun Bing Wang Jiakun Wang Hongyun Liu Jianxin Liu Institute of Daiw Science，MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition College of Animal Sciences，Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China

Background： Alfalfa hay and corn stover are different type of forages which can significantly impact a cow＇s lactation performance, but the underlying metabolic mechanism has been poorly studied. We used biomarker and pathway analyses to characterize related biomarkers and pathways based on urine metabolomics data from different forage treatments. Urine was col ected from 16 multiparous Holstein dairy cows fed alfalfa hay（AH, high-quality forage, n = 8） and corn stover（CS, low-quality forage, n = 8） respectively. Gas chromatography–time of flight/mass spectrometry（GC-TOF/MS） was performed to identify metabolites in urine and the metaboanalyst online platform was used to do biomarker and pathway ***： Hippuric acid（HUA） and N-methyl-glutamic（NML-Glu） indicated the most significant difference between the two diets, when statistical y validated by biomarker analysis. HUA was also validated by standard compound quantitative method and showed significant higher concentration in CS group than AH group（2.8282 vs. 0.0005 mg/mL; P 〈 0.01）.The significant negative correlation between milk yield and HUA（R^2= 0.459; P 〈 0.01） and significant positive correlation between milk yield and NML-Glu（R^2= 0.652; P 〈 0.01） were characterized. The pathway analysis revealed that these different metabolites were involved in 17 pathways including 7 influential pathways（pathway impact value 〉 0）： Tyr metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, galactose metabolism,Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis, purine metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. Based on the metabolome view map,the Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis pathway exhibited the highest impact value（0.50）, and the Holm-Bonferroni multiple testing-based analysis revealed the most significant difference in the Tyr metabolism pathway（Holm P = 0.048）.Conclusions： The identified HUA and NML-Glu may serve as potential biomarkers for discriminating CS and AH diets and could be used as candidat

关键词： Biomarker Dairy cow Metabolomics Pathway Urine

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Heat stress affects dairy cow health status through blood oxygen availability

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2663-2673页

作者： Jia Zeng Jie Cai Diming Wang Hongyun Liu huizeng sun Jianxin Liu Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and *** ani-mals,oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes,but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain ***,the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS:none(No-HS),mild(Mild-HS),and moderate HS(Mod-HS).Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature(Ptreat<0.01)and respiration rate(Ptreat<0.01).Under Mod-HS,greater Na+(P<0.05)and lower total CO_(2),and pH(P<0.05)were observed relative to those under No-HS and *** concentrations in both coccygeal artery and mammary vein(Ptreat<0.01)were lower under Mod-HS than under *** vein concentrations of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)(P<0.05)increased during Mod-HS compared with those in cows under *** increased during Mod-HS,and glu-tathione peroxidase(P<0.01)increased during *** vein concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.01),heme oxygenase-1(P<0.01),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(P<0.01)were greater in cows under Mod-HS than those under *** blood cell count(P<0.01)and hemoglobin concentration(P<0.01)were lower in the coccygeal vein of dairy cows under Mild-and Mod-HS than those of cows under *** Exposure to HS negatively impacts the health status and lactation performance of dairy cows by limit-ing oxygen metabolism and ***,the specific mechanism by which HS affects mammary function in cows remains unclear and requires further exploration.

关键词： Dairy cow Health status Heat stress Lactation performance Oxygen metabolism

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Blood neutrophil extracellular traps:a novel target for the assessment of mammary health in transition dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1068-1079页

作者： Luyi Jiang huizeng sun Fengfei Gu Jin He Fengqi Zhao Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Institute of Animal Genetics and Reproduction College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Animal&Veterinary Sciences University of VermontBurlingtonUSA

Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal ***,the factors influencing mammary health are still *** somatic cell count(DSCC)could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy *** work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Results:Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were *** serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre-and postpartum,and milk was sampled at week 1 *** on the DSCC in milk at week 1,cows with lower(7.4%±4.07%,n=15)and higher(83.3%±1.21%,n=15)DSCCs were *** DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts(P<0.05),hemoglobin(P=0.07),and hematocrit(P=0.05),higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables[reactive oxygen species(P<0.05),malondialdehyde(P<0.05),protein carbonyl(P<0.05),and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(P=0.07)],higher levels of serum and milk NETs(P<0.05)and blood-milk barrier indicators,including serumβ-casein(P=0.05)and milk immunoglobulin G2(P=0.09),than those of low DSCC *** addition,lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites(cholesterol and albumin)(P<0.05)and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I(P=0.09)were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC *** the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters(NETs,deoxyribonuclease I andβ-casein),the area under the curve(0.973)of NETs was the *** addition,the sensitivity(1.00)and specificity(0.93)were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL(P<0.05).Conclusions:The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for

关键词： Blood-milk barrier Differential somatic cell count Mastitis risk Neutrophil extracellular traps

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Heat stress affects mammary metabolism by influencing the plasma flow to the glands

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1908-1917页

作者： Jia Zeng Diming Wang huizeng sun Hongyun Liu Feng‑Qi Zhao Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Animal&Veterinary Sciences University of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA

Background Environmental heat stress(HS)can have detrimental effects on milk production by compromising the mammary *** plasma flow(MPF)plays a crucial role in nutrient supply and uptake in the mam-mary *** this experiment,we investigated the physiological and metabolic changes in high-yielding cows exposed to different degrees of HS:no HS with thermal-humidity index(THI)below 68(No-HS),mild HS(Mild-HS,68≤THI≤79),and moderate HS(Mod-HS,79

关键词： Dairy cow Heat stress Mammary metabolism Mammary plasma flow

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泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌群落组成与多样性变化

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2023年第4期49卷 578-590页

作者：马晓娇薛茗元孙会增刘建新浙江大学动物科学学院奶业科学研究所浙江杭州310058

本研究旨在探究泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌群落组成及其多样性的变化。共设置2个试验:试验1,选取20头泌乳中期健康高产荷斯坦奶牛,饲喂相同饲粮,持续8周,分别在第0、4、7周的第7天采集瘤胃内容物;试验2,选取30头泌乳中期健康高产荷斯... 详细信息

本研究旨在探究泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌群落组成及其多样性的变化。共设置2个试验:试验1,选取20头泌乳中期健康高产荷斯坦奶牛,饲喂相同饲粮,持续8周,分别在第0、4、7周的第7天采集瘤胃内容物;试验2,选取30头泌乳中期健康高产荷斯坦奶牛,在基础饲粮的基础上补充20 g/d瘤胃保护蛋氨酸,持续8周,分别在第0、8周的第7天采集瘤胃内容物。分析2个试验在不同时间点采集到的瘤胃内容物的细菌群落组成与多样性变化,以及功能稳定性差异。结果发现:2个试验中,瘤胃细菌的α多样性、β多样性、功能稳定性在不同时间点之间都不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。试验1在高丰度细菌的门和属水平上分别发现6个与1个差异细菌,分别是放线菌门、变形菌门、蓝菌门、绿弯菌门、互养菌门、纤维杆菌门与Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group;试验2在高丰度细菌的门和属水平上分别发现3个与1个差异细菌,分别为放线菌门、螺旋体门、迷踪菌门与unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae。由此可见,在相同的饲粮条件下,泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌组成随时间变化的程度有限,其多样性与功能稳定性均未发生显著改变;在基础饲粮基础上补充瘤胃保护蛋氨酸时,得到的结果相似。综上所述,本研究表明,处于泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛的瘤胃微生物群落组成和功能相对稳定,在奶牛泌乳中期开展相关试验时,无需特别考虑瘤胃细菌会随泌乳阶段进程出现群落结构和功能的改变。

关键词：荷斯坦奶牛泌乳中期瘤胃细菌微生物多样性功能稳定性

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会话幽默与语义语境

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邯郸职业技术学院学报 2010年第1期23卷 70-71,77页

作者：孙慧增青岛农业大学外国语学院山东青岛266109

语言幽默是一种特定的语言效果,它来自于预设言语意义范畴与实际言语意义范畴之间的超常过渡,这种语义过渡方式多样,通过对构造语境假设的特定信息进行弱化、忽略或强化,从而使话语导向非预设的意义范畴。

关键词：会话幽默意义语境

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公共英语课对学生阅读能力的培养

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潍坊教育学院学报 2008年第2期21卷 80-81页

作者：孙慧增青岛农业大学外国语学院山东青岛266109

阅读历来被看作是语言教学中最重要的组成部分,提高学生的阅读能力一直是大学外语教学的重要目标。本文指出学生阅读中存在的问题及其原因,并提出切实可行的培养方法,以提高学生的阅读能力。

关键词：英语课阅读能力培养

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英语委婉语的构建方式

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邯郸职业技术学院学报 2007年第1期20卷 81-83页

作者：孙慧增梁丽莱阳农学院外国语学院山东青岛266109 河北科技大学外国语学院石家庄050016

委婉语是世界各民族文化中共有的语言现象,是积极运用语言进行表达的一种交际方式。英语委婉语的构建方式很多,从词汇、语义、语用、语法和修辞五方面讨论了英语委婉语的构建方式。

关键词：英语委婉语构建方式

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农作物秸秆饲料化利用的制约因素及其解决对策

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中国畜牧杂志 2023年第12期59卷 61-66页

作者：钟丽媛孙会增吴冠中刘建新浙江大学奶业科学研究所浙江杭州310028 宁波宁兴涌优饲料有限公司浙江宁波315311

我国农作物秸秆资源丰富,若能将秸秆转化为反刍动物饲料充分利用,将会有利于本土秸秆资源的利用,缓解我国饲草生产和进口压力,并可降碳减排,保护生态环境。经过几十年的发展,目前已有多种物理、化学及生物学方法能够将农作物秸秆进行预... 详细信息

我国农作物秸秆资源丰富,若能将秸秆转化为反刍动物饲料充分利用,将会有利于本土秸秆资源的利用,缓解我国饲草生产和进口压力,并可降碳减排,保护生态环境。经过几十年的发展,目前已有多种物理、化学及生物学方法能够将农作物秸秆进行预处理而使其饲用价值得到提高,但在实际饲料化利用时仍受到诸多因素的制约。本文简介了秸秆营养价值和饲料化利用现状,分析了制约秸秆饲料化利用的限制因素,并从饲粮配方、添加剂使用、综合利用等途径提出解决路径,为实现秸秆的饲料化科学利用提供参考。

关键词：秸秆饲料化利用反刍动物

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