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Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case Study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,California

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： fynnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza Charles K.Huyck Adam Rose Paul Amyx gregory Yetman Kristy f.Tiampo California State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center for International Earth Science Information Network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(CIRES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the *** investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience *** applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,California as a case *** also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling *** found that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact *** findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters,as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts Earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt fuller W.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe W.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

Transcranial electrical stimulation in neurological disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2221-2222页

作者： gregory L.brown Michael T.brown Neurished HersheyPAUSA

Increased lifespan is one of society’s greatest achievements,but this longevity increases the prevalence of diseases of aging,such as neurological ***,neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of deaths(feigin et al.,2019).furthermore,these diseases affect people in low-,medium-,and high-income countries(feigin et al.,2019).Current technology to modify neurological burden is scarce,which poses numerous challenges for healthcare,global policy,and economic stability(feigin et al.,2019).To face these challenges,brain stimulation technology,such as transcranial electrical stimulation(TES),has displayed exciting *** et al.(2017)provide a detailed overview of the safety and application of ***,electrodes are attached to the head and a weak current(e.g.,1-2 mA)is applied through the scalp,skull,and into the brain for 10-30 minutes to activate neurons(Antal et al.,2017).The technique is extremely safe with no serious adverse effects reported from thousands of sessions(Antal et al.,2017).The most common side effects are a tingling/itching sensation or redness at the stimulation site(Antal et al.,2017).However,these side effects can be minimized by reducing the electrode-skin impedance,slowly ramping up and ramping down TES,or using topical analgesics(Antal et al.,2017).The development of TES may repair neural dysfunction and stem the oncoming incidence of neurodegenerative disease.

关键词： stimulation sensation electrical

Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 747-753页

作者： Haley BOWCOCK gregory P. brown Richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs

关键词： Mating systems Size-assortative mating Large-male advantage Anurans Invasive species

Toward scalable fabrication of electrochemical paper sensor without surface functionalization

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npj flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 99-106页

作者： Cheng Wang Rui Wu Hao Ling Zhiling Zhao Wenjia Han Xiaowen Shi gregory f.Payne Xiaohui Wang State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology(SCUT)Guangzhou 510640China Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research(IBBR) University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Shandong Academy of SciencesQilu University of TechnologyJinan 250353China School of Resource and Environmental Science Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key LaboratoryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Paper-based electrochemical sensors provide the opportunity for low-cost,portable and environmentally friendly single-use chemical analysis and there are various reports of surface-functionalized paper *** we report a composite paper electrode that is fabricated through designed papermaking using cellulose,carbon fibers(Cf),and graphene oxide(GO).The composite paper has well-controlled structure,stable,and repeatable properties,and offers the electrocatalytic activities for sensitive and selective chemical *** demonstrate that this Cf/GO/cellulose composite paper can be reduced electroche mically using relatively mild conditions and this GO reduction confers electrocatalytic properties to the composite ***,we demonstrate that this composite paper offers sensing performance(sensitivity and selectivity)comparable to,or better than,paperbased sensors prepared by small-batch surface-modification(e.g.,printing)*** envision this coupling of industrialized papermaking technologies with interfacial engineering and electrochemical reduction can provide a platform for single-use and portable chemical detection for a wide range of applications.

关键词： composite surface portable

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater):Geographic variation,taxonomy,a"new"population,and an enduring mystery in migration

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 467-477页

作者： Leo Joseph Julian Teh Paul Sweet Phil gregory Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO National Research Collections AustraliaCanberra2601Australia American Museum of Natural History New YorkUSA Sicklebill Safaris TopazQueensland4885Australia

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater)inhabits low-mid elevation forests across New Guinea and far northeastern *** its four recognized subspecies,*** is migratory,breeding in tropical north-eastern Australia from approximately November–*** non-breeding range of ***,apart from some individuals overwintering in Australia,has been unknown for>100 *** from 194 New Guinean and Australian specimens and a literature review have not solved this mystery;the narrow latitudinal range of the intratropical migration may inhibit use of GPS loggers in resolving the migration *** work in central and western parts of southern New Guinea is *** data,however,revealed an essentially overlooked population in north-western New Guinea east of the Bird's Head Peninsula phenotypically indistinguishable from nominate *** of that *** genomic analysis of the complex will be largely done from toepad skin because frozen tissue samples for DNA analysis exist only of four individuals of what we suggest should be elevated to species rank as *** discuss how genomic analysis might distinguish among alternative taxonomic hypotheses of one,two or three *** suggest English names for what we consider to be three diagnosable taxa worth recognizing at species rank in this group:Arfak Monarch corresponding to ***(Bird's Head Peninsula and the“new”population of north-western New Guinea);Pearly Monarch for ***(Australia and still unknown non-breeding range),and Masked Monarch for ***(including kunupi,elsewhere in New Guinea).

关键词： Australia Migration monarch flycatcher Monarcha frater New Guinea Taxonomy

Proteasome inhibition-induces endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and cell death of human cholangiocarcinoma cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第6期13卷 851-857页

作者： Yucel Ustundag Steven f Bronk gregory J Gores Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN 55905 United States

AIM: To determine if proteasome inhibition induces apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells, and if so, to elucidate the cellular mechanisms. METHODS: Studies were performed in the human KMCH, KMBC, and Mz-ChA-1 cholangiocarcinoma, and normal rat cell lines. MG132, a peptide aldehyde, which inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteaosome was employed for this study. Apoptosis was assessed morphologically by 4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining and fluorescence microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined using a fluorescent unquenching assay. Ultrastructural changes during cell death were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Caspase 3/7 activity was assessed using an enzymatic-based fluorescent assay. Cytosolic-free calcium concentrations were measured using fura-2 and digitized fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS: MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, induced apoptosis in all the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines examined. In contrast, minimal cytotoxicity was observed in normal rat cholangiocytes. Apoptosis was time-and -concentration-dependent. There was no change in the mitochondrial membrane potential between treated and untreated cells. Ultrastructural examination by transmission electron microscopy displayed the classic features of apoptosis, but in addition, there was also dramatic vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Unexpectedly, no increase in caspase 3/7 activity was observed in MG132 treated cells, nor did the pancaspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh prevent cell death. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, blocked apoptosis induced by proteosome inhibitor indicating that ER dysfunction was dependent upon the formation of new proteins. CONCLUSION: Proteosome inhibition induces ERdysfunction and caspase-independent cell death selectively in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Proteasome inhibitors warrant evaluation as anticancer agents for the treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： MG132 Cholangiocarcinoma Proteosome Apoptosis Calcium

Investigation into a practical approach and application of cotton fiber elongation

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Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 13-24页

作者： DELHOM Christopher D. WANJURA John D. PELLETIER Mathew G. HOLT gregory A. HEQUET Eric f. USDA-ARS New OrleansLA 70124USA USDA-ARS LubbockTX 79403USA Texas Tech University LubbockTX 79409USA

Background The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significantly improved through selec-tive breeding,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored,even though elongation contributes to determining the energy needed to break *** developments to calibrate the high volume instrument(HVI)for elongation has renewed interest in ***,it is not understood how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to add to the complexity of fiber *** explore a practical approach to applying elongation,cot-ton samples were tested using single fiber methods,the Stelometer,and the *** of strength,elongation,and combined properties such as modulus were *** HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation differences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample *** bundle testing,like Stelometer and HVI was shown to reduce bias due to fiber *** The use of secant modulus,an intrinsic material property,allowed for one value to represent both strength and *** modulus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or ***-to-break was shown to be more influenced by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being *** the influence of genetics and environment on elongation,and its interaction with other fiber properties,requires additional *** modulus,by combining strength and elongation into one value,shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characteriza-tion without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.

关键词： Cotton Elongation Tenacity Work-to-break ModulusBackground

High Altitude frogs (Rana kukonoris) Adopt a Diversified Bethedging Strategy in the face of Environmental Unpredictability

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第1期9卷 43-49页

作者： Wei CHEN Liqing PENG Lichun JIANG David A.PIKE Christopher R.fRIESEN gregory brown Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Normal University Department of Biology Rhodes College School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney

Environmental unpredictability can influence strategies of maternal investment among eggs within a clutch. Models predict that breeding females should adopt a diversified bet-hedging strategy in unpredictable environments, but empirical field evidence from Asia is scarce. Here we tested this hypothesis by exploring spatial patterns in egg size along an altitudinal gradient in a frog species （Rana kukunoris） inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau. Within-clutch variability in egg size increased as the environment became variable （e.g., lower mean monthly temperature and mean monthly rainfall at higher altitudes）, and populations in environments with more unpredictable rainfall produced eggs that were smaller and more variable in size. We provide support for a diversified bet-hedging strategy in high-altitude environments, which experience dynamic weather patterns and therefore are of unpredictable environmental quality. This strategy may be an adaptive response to lower environmental quality and higher unpredictable environmental variance. Such a strategy should increase the likelihood of breeding success and maximize maternal lifetime fitness by producing offspring that are adapted to current environmental conditions. We speculate that in high-altitude environments prone to physical disturbance, breeding females are unable to consistently produce the optimal egg size due to physiological constraints imposed by environmental conditions （e.g., duration of the active season, food availability）. Species and populations whose breeding strategies are adapted to cope with uncertain environmental conditions by adjusting offspring size and therefore quality show a remarkable degree of ability to cope with future climatic changes.

关键词： altitude bet-hedging strategy environmental quality egg size within-clutch variation unpredictable environment