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A Survey of.Metals f.und in Tattoo Inks

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Journal of.Environmental Protection 2017年第11期8卷 1243-1253页

作者： Meghanne E. Tighe D. Kai Libby Stanna K. Dorn Jef.rey R. Hosmer graham f. peaslee Chemistry Department Hope College Holland USA Department of.Physics University of Notre Dame Notre Dame USA Health and Sciences Division College of DuPage Glen Ellyn USA

While the practice of.tattooing has existed f.r thousands of.years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of.tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing process have also developed. Tattoos now use many brightly colored inks, of.en made using metal-based pigments. There is concern that chemicals may be present in tattoo inks in concentrations that may lead to human health concerns either during application or removal of.tattoos. Since exposure to metals has been linked to tremors, liver damage, memory loss, cognitive loss, and even death, there is concern about the prevalence of.metals in tattoo inks in general. To this end, a survey of.226 commercial tattoo inks was perf.rmed and each ink was analyzed f.r the presence of.heavy metals using two dif.erent x-ray methods: Particle Induced X-Ray Emission and Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. f.f.een metals were identif.ed in various tattoo inks by these rapid x-ray methods, including chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, barium, and lead. Conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence of.metals in some pigment colors and f.om some brands.

关键词： Metals Tattoo Inks Tattoos PIXE SEM X-Ray Analysis

What is artif.cial meat and what does it mean f.r the f.ture of.the meat industry?

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Journal of.Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： Sarah P f.Bonny graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-f.anois Hocquette School of.Veterinary and Lif. Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must f.nd solutions to issues regarding animal welf.re, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the f.ce of.competition f.om emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artif.cial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues f.cing the conventional meat industry. These artif.cial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat f.om genetically modif.ed organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manuf.ctured f.om plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of.the market. Manuf.ctured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of.the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of.the market if.conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of.manuf.ctured meats improve. In time the technology f.r other artif.cial meats such as meat f.om genetic modif.ed organisms or cultured meat may become suf.iciently developed f.r these products to enter the market with no complexity of.the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benef.t f.om assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modif.cation technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition f.om artif.cial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of.conventional meat production, the f.ture of.artif.cial meat produced f.om stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artif.cial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisf.ction sustainable production

Epidemiology and transmission of.hepatitis B and C viruses in Kazakhstan

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1204-1207页

作者： Zhannat Z Nurgalieva f.Blaine Hollinger David Y graham S Zhangabylova Abai Zhangabylov Department of.f.culty Therapy Kazakh National Medical University named after SD Asfendiarov Almaty Kazakhstan Department of Medicine VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Department of.MolecularVirology and Microbiology Baylor College of.Medicine Houston TX United States Department of Medicine VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Department of.f.culty Therapy Kazakh National Medical University named after SD Asfendiarov Almaty Kazakhstan

AIM: To investigate the epidemiology of.hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) inf.ction in the two major ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study of.HBV and HCV seroprevalence was perf.rmed among individuals born in Kazakhstan with no history of.chronic hepatitis or liver disease. RESULTS: There were 290 volunteers (140 Russians and 150 Kazakhs) aged 10 to 64 years, males accounted f.r 46%. Active HBV inf.ction (HBsAg positive) was present in 3.8%, anti-HBc in 30%. The prevalence was similar in f.males and males (33% vs 25%) (P = 0.18). The prevalence of.anti-HBc increased f.om 19% in 10-29 years old volunteers to 53% in 50-years and older volunteers. The prevalence of.HBV inf.ction was higher in married than in single adults (38% vs 26%, respectively) (P = 0.2) and more common in Kazakhs (35%) than in Russians (24%) (P = 0.07). HCV inf.ction was present in 9 subjects (3.2%), 5 of.them also were positive f.r anti-HBc in the absence of.HBsAg. CONCLUSION: The f.equency of.active HBV inf.ction (3.8%) coupled with a high prevalence of.HBV exposure in those > 50 years of.age increases with age, which suggests that horizontal transmission likely relates tothe use of.contaminated needles. The low prevalence of.HCV inf.ction suggests that HBV and HCV are acquired dif.erently in this group of.subjects.

关键词： Viral hepatitis B Viral hepatitis C Hepatitis B virus Transmission Epidemiology Sero-epidemiology Kazakhstan

The Cretaceous Turn of.Geological Evolution: Key Evidence f.om East Asia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第5期92卷 1991-2003页

作者： Victor P.NECHAEV DAI Shif.ng f.Lin SUTHERLAND Ian T.graham Eugenia V.NECHAEVA f.r East Geological Institute Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Engineering School Far Eastern Federal University State Key Laboratory of.Coal Resources and Saf. Mining China University of Mining and Technology School of.Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology Geoscience Australian Museum PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales

this work f.cuses on one of.the critical points of.Earth＇s history when the Solar System passed through the most distant point of.its galactic orbit. During this event, Earth may have suf.ered f.om maximum extension, associated with its relative proximity to the Sun at that time, f.llowed by long-term contraction related to its later distancing. This paper is based on generalized data on the Cretaceous evolution of.the Earth as a whole and of.East Asia in particular. The evidence suggests that major geological processes at this time may be interpreted as transitional changes in the state of.Earth. A liquid nature of.its core may have reacted to the gravitational and electromagnetic transf.rmations. When the cosmic changes took place at 135-120 Ma, more turbulent f.ows in the outer core would have f.voured the rise of.voluminous magmatic plumes and associated f.uid f.ows. These would substantially transf.rm the mantle, crust, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. In particular, plume-related melting of.overlying subducting slabs and lower continental crust could have initiated numerous adakitic melts that f.rmed the East Asian Adakitic Province. These and associated juvenile events produced numerous metallic ore, coal, gas and oil deposits. The Cretaceous is one of.the most signif.cant resource-producing periods.

关键词： Cretaceous geological evolution galactic orbit super plume adakitic rocks coal ore and petroleum resources

COMPARISON Of.OPTICAL POLARIMETRY AND DIf.USION TENSOR MR IMAGING f.R ASSESSING MYOCARDIAL ANISOTROPY

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Journal of.Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第2期3卷 109-121页

作者： MARIKA A.WALLENBURG MIHAELA POP MICHAEL f.G.WOOD NIRMALYA GHOSH graham A.WRIGHT I.ALEX VITKIN Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics610 University Avenue TorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9 Department of.Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center2075 Bayview Avenue TorontoONCanadaM5N 3M5 IISER Kolkata Mohanpur CampusP.O.BCKV Campus Main Office Mohanpur 741252West BengalIndia Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology 610 University AvenueTorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9

We have recently proposed an optical method f.r assessing heart structure that uses polarized light measurement of.biref.ingence as an indicator of.tissue *** highly aligned nature of.healthy cardiac muscle tissue has a detectable ef.ect on the polarization of.light,resulting in a measurable phase shif.(“retardance”).When this organized tissue structure is perturbed,f.r example af.er cardiac inf.rction(heart attack),scar tissue containing disorganized collagen is f.rmed,causing a decrease in the measured retardance ***,these are dependent not only on tissue anisotropy,but also on the angle between the tissue’s optical anisotropy direction and the beam interrogating the *** remove this experimental ambiguity,we present a method that interrogates the sample at two dif.erent incident beam angles,thus yielding enough inf.rmation to uniquely determine the true magnitude and orientation of.the tissue optical *** use an inf.rcted porcine heart model to compare these polarimetryderived anisotropy metrics with those obtained with dif.usion tensor magnetic resonance imaging(DT-MRI).The latter yields the anisotropy and the direction of.tissue water dif.usivity,providing an independent measure of.tissue *** optical and MR results are thus directly compared in a common ex vivo biological model of.interest,yielding reasonable agreement but also highlighting some technique-specif.c dif.erences.

关键词： Biref.ingence Mueller matrix decomposition f.actional anisotropy dif.usion tensor magnetic resonance imaging myocardial inf.rction

f.nite Presentation of.Alternating Groups

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 1995年第2期11卷 221-224页

作者： Q. Mushtaq f. Shaheen Department of.Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

graham Higman posed the question: How small can the integers p and q be made, while maintaining the property that all but f.nitly many alternating and symmetric groups are f.ctor groups of.△(2, p, q)=(x,y: x^2=y^P=(xy)~q=1)? He proved that f.r a suf.iciently large n, the alternating group is a homomorphic image of.the triangle group △(2,p, q) where p=3 and q=7. Later, his result was generalized by proving the result f.r p=3 and q≥7. Choosing p=4 and q≥17 in this paper we have answered the "Hiqman Question".

关键词： f.nite Presentation of.Alternating Groups

Snowball Earth is dead! Long live Snowball Earth!

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Episodes 2006年第4期29卷 287-288页

作者： graham A. Shields Institut f.r Geologie und Palaeontologie Westfaeilische-Wilhelms Universitaet Correnstr. 24 48149 Münster Germany

Ticino in southern Switzerland played host this summer to a most extraordinary meeting of.minds. About eighty scientists f.om all over the world came together in the exquisite setting of.Monte Verita to discuss possibly the coldest spell in our planet＇s long history： the Cryogenian Period. ‘Snowball Earth 2006＇ was organized by a research group at the ETH in Zurich under the leadership of.Prof.ssor Philip Allen, now at Imperial College, London, and was the f.rst conf.rence to f.cus solely on this topic. The Cryogenian global f.eeze of.about 7204535 million years ago closely preceded--some would say ominously so--the f.rst f.ssil evidence f.r animal lif. on Earth, and as such has attracted the attention of.natural scientists worldwide. Such a resurgence of.interest in deep Earth history has not been witnessed since the great K/T boundary debate of.the early 1980s. On the f.rst day of.the conf.rence, on a hot and sultry evening during the hottest July on record, it was ice of.a dif.erent kind that was being broken high above Lago Maggiore. The f.rst hesitant introductions over chilled white wine made it clear that a tluly multidisciplinary throng had been invited f.r what promised to be a vigorous debate on the causes and ef.ects of.Neoproterozoic climate change. Gathered f.r the ＇snowball f.ght＇ were geologists, palaeobiologists, geochemists, geophysicists and climate modellers, all of.whom would, one-by-one over the coming f.ve days, borrow centre stage to of.er their unique perspective on this most polarizing of.topics.

关键词：瑞士雪球气候变化二氧化碳全球变暖环境气候问题

SCHISTOX: An individual based model f.r the epidemiology and control of.schistosomiasis

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Inf.ctious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 438-447页

作者： Matthew graham Diepreye Ayabina Tim CD.Lucas Benjamin S.Collyer graham f.Medley T.Deirdre Hollingsworth Jaspreet Toor Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Centre f.r Mathematical Modelling of.Inf.ctious Disease London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom Centre f.r Environment and Health Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of.Inf.ctious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom MRC Centre f.r Global Inf.ctious Disease Analysis the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics(J-IDEA)School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonW21PGUnited Kingdom

A stochastic individual based model,SCHISTOX,has been developed f.r the study of.schistosome transmission dynamics and the impact of.control by mass drug *** novel aspects that can be investigated include individual level adherence and access to treatment,multiple communities,human sex population dynamics,and implementation of.a potential *** of.the model parameters have been estimated within previous studies and have been shown to vary between communities,such as the age-specif.c contact rates governing the age prof.les of.***,uncertainty remains as there are wide ranges f.r certain parameter values and a f.w remain relatively *** analyse the model dynamics by parameterizing it with published parameter *** also discuss the development of.SCHISTOX in the f.rm of.a publicly available open-source GitHub *** next key development stage involves validating the model by calibrating to epidemiological data.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Individual based model Mass drug administration

Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies: Re-Optimization of.EarlyCDT-Lung Diagnostic Perf.rmance and Its Application to Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules

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Journal of.Cancer Therapy 2017年第5期8卷 506-517页

作者： graham f. Healey Isabel K. Macdonald Chris Reynolds Jared Allen Andrea Murray Oncimmune Holdings plc Nottingham City Hospital Nottingham UK

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality but costs are prohibitive f.r most healthcare budgets due to high f.lse positive rates. An adjunctive test able to distinguish malignant f.om benign pulmonary nodules would be hugely benef.cial. EarlyCDT-Lung measures serum autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens and has f.und clinical acceptance to aid early detection of.lung cancer f.r high risk patients. However perf.rmance was optimized f.r screening. The construction of.a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve would enable optimization of.perf.rmance f.r alternative settings, including nodule malignancy. Methods: A Monte-Carlo search method was used to construct a ROC curve using a case-control cohort, enabling high and low specif.city versions of.EarlyCDT-Lung to be determined. These were used f.r a theoretical evaluation of.a nodule cohort, and positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated under the assumption of.independence of.risk source. Patients or their nodules are typically classif.ed into three risk groups: low (0% - 10%), intermediate (10% - 65%) and high (>65%) risk of.malignancy. The predicted shif. in risk group by application of.the high and low specif.city versions, along with the current commercial EarlyCDT-Lung, was then estimated. Results: The ROC curve, with an area under the curve of.0.743, was constructed. The high specif.city (98%), low specif.city (49%) and current commercial (91% specif.city) versions of.EarlyCDT-Lung re-classif.ed 27%, 23% and 26% of.intermediate nodules, respectively, to either a higher (10%, 8% and 10%) or lower (17%, 15% and 16%) risk group. Conclusion: A ROC curve was constructed to allow perf.rmance prediction of.EarlyCDT-Lung at dif.erent specif.cities in the indeterminate nodule setting. This enabled risk re-classif.cation of.intermediate risk nodules, and could theref.re f.cilitate alternative more appropriate intervention. We have shown how a multivariate biomarke

关键词： Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules Diagnostic Screening Computed Tomography ROC Curve