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t.o-dimensional gel elect.ophoresis in bact.rial prot.omics

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Prot.in & Cell 2012年第5期3卷 346-363页

作者： Shirly O.t.Curreem Rory M.Wat. Susanna K.P.lau Pat.ick C.Y.Woo Depart.ent.of Microbiology The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Oral Biosciences Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina St.t. Key Laborat.ry of Emerging Infect.ous Diseases Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Research Cent.e of Infect.on and Immunology The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Carol Yu Cent.e of Infect.on The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

t.o-dimensional gel elect.ophoresis(2-DE)is a gel-based t.chnique widely used for analyzing t.e pro-t.in composit.on of biological *** is capable of resolving complex mixt.res cont.ining more t.an a t.ousand prot.in component. int. individual prot.in spot. t.rough t.e coupling of t.o ort.ogonal bio-physical separat.on t.chniques:isoelect.ic focusing(first.dimension)and polyacrylamide gel elect.ophore-sis(second dimension).2-DE is ideally suit.d for ana-lyzing t.e ent.re expressed prot.in complement.of a bact.rial cell:it. *** relat.ve simplicit. and good reproducibilit. have led t. 2-DE being widely used for exploring prot.omics wit.in a wide range of envi-ronment.l and medically-relevant.*** we give a broad overview of t.e basic principles and his-t.rical development.of gel-based prot.omics,and how t.is powerful approach can be applied for st.dying bact.rial biology and *** highlight.specific 2-DE applicat.ons t.at.can be used t. analyze when,where and how much prot.ins are *** links bet.een prot.omics,genomics and mass spect.omet.y are *** explore how prot.omics involving t.ndem mass spect.omet.y can be used t. analyze(post.t.anslat.onal)prot.in modificat.ons or t. ident.fy prot.ins of unknown origin by de novo pept.de *** use of prot.ome fract.onat.on t.ch-niques and non-gel-based prot.omic approaches are also *** highlight.how t.e analysis of pro-t.ins secret.d by bact.rial cells(secret.mes or exo-prot.omes)can be used t. st.dy infect.on processes or t.e immune *** review is aimed at.non-specialist. who wish t. gain a concise,compre-hensive and cont.mporary overview of t.e nat.re and applicat.ons of bact.rial prot.omics.

关键词： t.o-dimensional gel elect.ophoresis bact.-ria prot.omics

How Many Elect.odes Are Really Needed for EEG-Based Mobile Brain Imaging?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第3期2卷 387-393页

作者： t.oy M. lau Joseph t. Gwin Daniel P. Ferris School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA

A noninvasive met.od for imaging t.e human brain during mobile act.vit.es could have far reaching benefit. for st.dies of human mot.r cont.ol, for research and t.eat.ent.of neurological disabilit.es, and for brain-cont.olled powered prost.et.c limbs or ort.oses. Several recent.st.dies have demonst.at.d t.at.elect.oencephalography (EEG) can be used t. image t.e brain during locomot.on provided t.at.signal processing t.chniques, such as independent.Component.Analysis (ICA), are used t. parse elect.ocort.cal act.vit. from art.fact.cont.minat.d EEG. However, t.ese st.dies used high-densit. 256-channel EEG sensor arrays, which are likely t.o t.me-consuming t. set.p in a clinical or field set.ing. t.erefore, it.is import.nt.t. evaluat. how reducing t.e number of EEG channel signals affect. t.e elect.ocort.cal source signals t.at.can be parsed from EEG recorded during st.nding and walking while concurrent.y performing a visual oddball discriminat.on t.sk. Specifically, we comput.d t.mporal and spat.al correlat.ons bet.een elect.ocort.cal sources parsed from high-densit. EEG and elect.ocort.cal sources parsed from reduced-channel subset. of t.e original high-densit. EEG. For t.is t.sk, our result. indicat. t.at.on average an EEG mont.ge wit. as few as 35 channels may be sufficient.t. record t.e t.o most.dominat. elect.ocort.cal sources (t.mporal and spat.al R2 > 0.9). Correlat.ons for addit.onal elect.ocort.cal sources decreased linearly such t.at.t.e least.dominant.sources ext.act.d from t.e 35 channel dat.set.had t.mporal and spat.al correlat.ons of approximat.ly 0.7. t.is suggest. t.at.for cert.in applicat.ons t.e number of EEG sensors used for mobile brain imaging could be vast.y reduced, but.researchers and clinicians must.consider t.e expect.d dist.ibut.on of relevant.elect.ocort.cal sources when det.rmining t.e number of EEG sensors necessary for a part.cular applicat.on.

关键词： Elect.oencephalography Mobile Brain Imaging Walking Independent Component Analysis

Immunopot.nt.at.ng Act.vit. of Dendrobium Species in Mouse Splenocyt.s

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Chinese Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 103-108页

作者： David t. W. lau Michel K. t. Poon Hoi Yan Leung Kam Ming Ko 不详

t.is st.dy aimed t. explore a pharmacological act.vit. marker for qualit. assurance of Dendrobium species. t.e immunopot.nt.at.ng act.vit. in aqueous ext.act. prepared from four Dendrobium species, including D. officinalis, was assessed by an in vit.o assay of concanavalin A (Con A)-st.mulat.d proliferat.on of mouse splenocyt.s. Four samples of commercially available Dendrobii Caulis were also analyzed for comparison. t.e result. indicat.d t.at.t.e aqueous ext.act.of D. officinalis produced immunopot.nt.at.ng act.on, as evidenced by t.e increase in Con A-st.mulat.d proliferat.on of mouse splenocyt.s, wit. t.e ext.nt.of st.mulat.on being more prominent.t.an t.ose of ot.er t.st.d Dendrobium species and Dendrobii Caulis samples. In conclusion, an in vit.o immunopot.nt.at.on assay may be used for assessing t.e pharmacological act.vit. of Dendrobium species. t.e finding t.at.D. officinalis produced a more pot.nt.immunopot.nt.at.ng act.on is consist.nt.wit. it. 'yin-nourishing' act.on in Chinese medicine, which is more effect.ve t.an ot.er Dendrobium species in clinical use.

关键词： Dendrobium Offincalis Dendrobii Caulis Splenocyt. Proliferat.on Concanavalin A

Angiographic evaluat.on and management.of acut. gast.oint.st.nal hemorrhage

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World Journal of Gast.oent.rology 2012年第11期18卷 1191-1201页

作者： t.Gregory Walker gloria M Salazar Art.ur C Walt.an Division of Vascular Imaging and Int.rvent.on Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States

Alt.ough most.cases of acut. nonvariceal gast.oint.st.nal hemorrhage eit.er spont.neously resolve or respond t. medical management.or endoscopic t.eat.ent.t.ere are st.ll a significant.number of pat.ent. who require emergency angiography and t.anscat.et.r *** wit. noninvasive imaging such as nuclear scint.graphy or comput.d t.mography may localize t.e bleeding source and/or confirm act.ve hemorrhage prior t. *** angiographic evaluat.on should begin wit. select.ve cat.et.rizat.on of t.e art.ry supplying t.e most.likely sit. of bleeding,as det.rmined by t.e available clinical,endoscopic and imaging *** a hemorrhage source is ident.fied,superselect.ve cat.et.rizat.on followed by t.anscat.et.r microcoil embolizat.on is usually t.e most.effect.ve means of successfully cont.olling hemorrhage while minimizing pot.nt.al *** is now wellrecognized as a viable and safe alt.rnat.ve t. emergency *** select.d sit.at.ons t.anscat.et.r int.a-art.rial infusion of vasopressin may also be useful in cont.olling acut. gast.oint.st.nal *** must.be aware of t.e various side effect. and pot.nt.al complicat.ons associat.d wit. t.is t.eat.ent.however,and recognize t.e high re-bleeding *** t.is art.cle we review t.e current.role of angiography,t.anscat.et.r art.rial embolizat.on and infusion t.erapy in t.e evaluat.on and management.of nonvariceal gast.oint.st.nal hemorrhage.

关键词： Angiodysplasia Aneurysm Digit.l subt.ac-t.on angiography Cont.ast.media Hemorrhage Radio-nuclide angiography t.erapeut.c embolizat.on

On channel quant.zat.on for mult.-cell cooperat.ve syst.ms wit. limit.d feedback

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Science China(Informat.on Sciences) 2013年第2期56卷 74-89页

作者： HOU XueYing YANG ChenYang lau Buon Kiong School of Elect.onics and Informat.on Engineering Beihang University Depart.ent.of Elect.ical and Informat.on t.chnology Lund University

Coherent.mult.-cell cooperat.ve t.ansmission, also referred t. as coordinat.d mult.-point.t.ansmission (CoMP), is a promising st.at.gy t. provide high spect.al efficiency for universal frequency reuse cellular syst.ms. t. report.t.e required channel informat.on t. t.e t.ansmit.er in frequency division duplexing syst.ms, limit.d feedback t.chniques are oft.n applied. Considering t.at.t.e average channel gains from mult.ple base st.t.ons (BSs) t. one mobile st.t.on are different.and t.e number of cooperat.ve BSs may be dynamic, it.is neit.er flexible nor compat.ble t. employ a large codebook t. direct.y quant.ze t.e CoMP channel. In t.is paper, we employ per-cell codebooks for quant.zing local and cross channels. We first.propose a codeword select.on crit.rion, aiming at.maximizing an est.mat.d dat. rat. for each user. t.e proposed crit.rion can be applied for an arbit.ary number of receive ant.nnas at.each user and also for an arbit.ary number of dat. st.eams t.ansmit.ed t. each user. Considering t.at.t.e result.ng opt.mal per-cell codeword select.on for CoMP channel is of high complexit., we propose a serial codeword select.on met.od t.at.has low complexit. but.yields comparable performance t. t.at.of t.e opt.mal codeword select.on. We evaluat. t.e proposed codeword select.on crit.rion and met.od using measured CoMP channels from an urban environment.as well as simulat.ons. t.e result. demonst.at. significant.performance gain as compared t. an exist.ng low-complexit. met.od.

关键词： base st.t.on cooperat.ve t.ansmission channel quant.zat.on limit.d feedback codeword select.on

CD40-act.vat.d B cells are more pot.nt.t.an immat.re dendrit.c cells t. induce and expand CD41 regulat.ry t.cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第1期7卷 44-50页

作者： Jian Zheng Yinping Liu Yu-Lung lau Wenwei t. Depart.ent.of Paediat.ics and Adolescent.Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina Joint.Research Cent.e West China Second University HospitalSichuan University and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongChengduChina

CD4^(+)regulat.ry t.cells(t.egs)play an import.nt.role in maint.ining immune t.lerance by suppressing pat.ologic immune responses.,t.e generat.on of large numbers of ant.gen-specific t.egs ex vivo is crit.cal for t.e development.of clinical immunot.erapy based on t.e adopt.ve t.ansfer of *** CD40-act.vat.d B cells(CD40-B)and immat.re dendrit.c cells(imDCs)have been used as professional ant.gen-present.ng cells(APCs)t. generat. ant.gen-specific ***,t.e efficiencies of CD40-B and imDCs t. generat. CD4^(+)t.egs have not.been compared direct.y and t.e mechanism driving t.e generat.on of t.ese t.egs remains largely *** t.is st.dy,we found t.at.CD40-B exhibit.d mat.re phenot.pes and were more able t. induce and expand CD4^(high)"CD25^(+)t.egs t.an ***,t.egs induced by CD40-B had great.r suppressive capacit. t.an t.ose induced by *** generat.on of CD4^(high)CD25^(+)t.egs by CD40-B and imDCs is cell-cell cont.ct.dependent.and part.ally relies on t.e expression of human leukocyt. ant.gen(HLA)-DR and CD80/*** in CD4^(high)CD25^(+)t.eg generat.on efficiency were largely explained by t.e product.on of endogenous IL-2 by *** result. suggest.t.at.CD40-B is bet.er able t. generat. large numbers of ant.gen-specific t.egs t.an ***,using CD40-B t. generat. t.egs may accelerat. t.e clinical use of t.eg-based immunot.erapy in t.e t.eat.ent.of allograft.reject.on,graft.versus host.disease(GVHD)and aut.immune diseases.

关键词： B cells immat.re DC t.eg IL-2

Charact.rizat.on of t.e Ubiquit.n E2 Enzyme Variant.Gene Family in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Int.grat.ve Plant.Biology 2007年第1期49卷 120-126页

作者： Yu Zhang Pei Wen On-Sun lau Xing-Wang Deng Nat.onal Inst.t.t. of Biological Sciences Zhongguancun Life Science Park Beijing 102206 China Peking-Yale Joint.Cent.r for Plant.Molecular Genet.cs and Agro-biot.chnology College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Depart.ent.of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8104 USA

Ubiquit.n E2 enzyme variant.（UEV） prot.ins are similar t. ubiquit.n-conjugat.ng enzyme （E2） in bot. sequence and st.uct.re, but.t.e lack of a cat.lyt.c cyst.ine residue renders t.em incapable of forming a t.iolest.r linkage wit. ubiquit.n. While t.e funct.onal roles of several UEVs have been defined in yeast.and animal syst.ms, Arabidopsis COP10, a phot.morphogenesis repressor, is t.e only UEV charact.rized in plant.. Phylogenet.c analysis revealed t.at.t.e eight.Arabidopsis UEV genes belong t. t.ree subfamilies. t.e expresslon of t.ose genes is support.d by eit.er t.e presence of ESt. or Rt.PCR analysis. We also charact.rized t.e ot.er members of t.e COP10 subfamily, UEV2. Semi-quant.t.t.ve Rt.PCR analysis indicat.d t.at.t.e UEV2 t.anscript. can be det.ct.d in most.organs of Arabidopsis. Analysis of UEV2：：GUS t.ansgenic lines also showed it. ubiquit.us expression in nearly all t.e development.l st.ges of Arabidopsis. t.ansient.expression analysis indicat.d t.at.t.e sGFP-UEV2 fusion prot.in can localize t. bot. t.e cyt.plasm and nucleus. A t.DNA insert.on mut.nt. uev2-1, which abolished t.e t.anscript.on of UEV2, displays no visible phenot.pe. Furt.er, t.e cop10-4 uev2-1 double mut.nt.exhibit. t.e same phenot.pe as t.e cop10-4 mut.nt.in darkness. UEV2 is t.erefore not.funct.onally redundant.wit. COP10.

关键词： Arabidopsis COP10 E2 gene family ubiquit.n UEV

Effect. of t.e mass and volume shrinkage of ground chip and pellet.part.cles on drying rat.s

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Part.cuology 2018年第3期16卷 1-9页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Shahab Sokhansaj C. Jim Lim Ant.ony lau Xiaot.o Bi Chemical and Biological Engineering Depart.ent University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Environment.l Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37381 USA

t.e effect. of varying t.e mass and volume of ground chip and pellet.part.cles on t.e part.cle drying rat. were analyzed. Samples of whole pellet. and chips were hammer milled using a 3.2 mm screen and t.e ground chip and pellet.part.cles were found t. have similar size dist.ibut.ons, alt.ough t.e pellet.part.cles were denser and more spherical t.an t.e chip part.cles. Prior t. drying, wat.r was added t. t.e part.cles t. obt.in 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, and 0.90 moist.re cont.nt. （on a dry mass basis）. t.e moist.ned part.cles were subsequent.y dried in a const.nt.t.mperat.re t.in layer dryer set.at.50,100, 150, or 200 ~C under dry pure nit.ogen, dry compressed air, or at.ospheric air. t.e chip and pellet.part.cles exhibit.d similar degrees of shrinkage, but.t.e pellet.part.cles underwent.a great.r reduct.on in t.eir bulk volume during drying. It.appears t.at.t.e more spherical pellet.part.cles are prone t. shrinkage in more t.an one direct.on, whereas t.e needle-like chip part.cle shrink only in one direct.on. A variable radius first.order drying model was found t. fit.t.e experiment.l dat. bet.er t.an a fixed radius model.

关键词： Moist.re loss Part.cle densit. Ground chip Ground pellet Part.cle shrinkage Bulk shrinkage

Chromat.c Uniqueness of Cert.in Complet. t.ipart.t. Graphs

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Act. Mat.emat.ca Sinica,English Series 2011年第5期27卷 919-926页

作者： G. C. lau Y. H. PENG Facult. of Comput.r & Mat.emat.cal Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA (Segamat Campus) 85100 Segamat Johor Malaysia Depart.ent.of Mat.emat.cs and Institute for Mathematical Research Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Malaysia

Let.P（G,A） be t.e chromat.c polynomial of a graph G. A graph G is chromat.cally unique if for any graph H, P（H, λ） = P（G, λ） implies H is isomorphic t. G. Liu et.al. [Liu, R. Y., Zhao, H. X., Ye, C. F.： A complet. solut.on t. a conject.re on chromat.c uniqueness of complet. t.ipart.t. graphs. Discret. Mat.., 289, 175 179 （2004）], and lau and Peng [lau, G. C., Peng, Y. H.： Chromat.c uniqueness of cert.in complet. t.part.t. graphs. Ars Comb., 92, 353-376 （2009）] show t.at.K（p - k,p - i,p） for i = 0, 1 are chromat.cally unique if p ≥ k ＋ 2 ≥ 4. In t.is paper, we show t.at.if 2 〈 i 〈 4, t.e complet. t.ipart.t. graph K（p - k,p - i,p） is chromat.cally unique for int.gers k ≥ i and p 〉 k2/4 ＋ i ＋ 1.

关键词： Complet. t.ipart.t.graphs chromat.c polynomial chromat.c uniqueness