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The Organizer Dilemma: Outcomes from a Collaboration Exercise

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 261-269页

作者： Jarle Lowe Sorensen Eric D.Carlstrom glenn-egil torgersen Atle M.Christiansen Tae-Eun Kim Stig Wahlstrom Leif Inge Magnussen Department of Business History and Social SciencesSchoolof BusinessUniversity of South-Eastern NorwayCampusVestfold3199BorreNorway Institute of Health and Care Sciences University ofGothenburgSE-40530GoteborgSweden Department of Military Leadership and Management TheNorwegian Defence University CollegeN-0151OsloNorway Department of Maritime Operations Faculty of TechnologyNatural Sciences and Maritime SciencesUniversity ofSouth-Eastern NorwayCampus Vestfold3199BorreNorway Norwegian Coastal Administration N-6025 AlesundNorway

In crisis management, cross-sector collaboration exercises are perceived as improving preparedness and develop team-integration efforts. However, studies show that exercises may tend to produce results with limited learning and usefulness. The purpose of this nonexperimental, survey-based study was to measure the difference in perceived exercise effect between participants belonging to the exercise planning organizations and participants belonging to other participating groups. Surveys were distributed and collected from participants in a 2017 chemical oil-spill exercise set off the southern coast of Norway. The target population was operational staff,excluding exercise management and directing staff. The sample population consisted of operatives associated with the exercise organizer organization and others belonging to external public and nongovernmental emergency organizations. The data collection instrument was the 'Collaboration, Learning, and Utility Scale’’(CLU-scale). Findings indicated that the levels of CLU were higher among external participants than among those individuals who belong to the exercise planning organizations. This study recommends the development and adoption of a national maritime collaboration exercise framework. A practical implication is a recommendation to evaluate exercises to secure the outcome regarding collaboration skill using the same instrument.

关键词： Collaboration exercise Collaboration,Learning,and Utility Scale Crisis management Maritime emergencies and crises Norway

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On the evaluation of ALD TiO_(2),ZrO_(2) and HfO_(2) coatings on corrosion and cytotoxicity performances

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第5期9卷 1828-1841页

作者： Mirco Peron Susanna Cogo Maria Bjelland Abdulla Bin Afif Anup Dadlani Elisa Greggio Filippo Berto Jan torgersen Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyRichard Birkelands vei 2b7034 TrondheimNorway Department of Biology University of PadovaVia Ugo Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly

Magnesium alloys have been widely studied as materials for temporary implants,but their use has been limited by their corrosion ***,coatings have been proven to provide an effective *** only little explored in the field,Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD)stands out as a coating technology due to the outstanding film conformality and density ***,we provide first insights into the corrosion behavior and the induced biological response of 100 nm thick ALD TiO_(2),HfO_(2)and ZrO_(2)coatings on AZ31 alloy by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hydrogen evolution and MTS colorimetric assay with L929 *** three coatings improve the corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of the ***,HfO_(2)coatings were characterized by the highest corrosion resistance and cell viability,slightly higher than those of ZrO_(2)***_(2)was characterized by the lowest corrosion improvements and,though generally considered a biocompatible coating,was found to not meet the demands for cellular applications(it was characterized by grade 3 cytotoxicity after 5 days of culture).These results reveal a strong link between biocompatibility and corrosion resistance and entail the need of taking the latter into consideration in the choice of a biocompatible coating to protect degradable Mg-based alloys.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition(ALD) Coatings Corrosion resistance Cytocompatibility Magnesium

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The interface of SiO_2/ZnS films studied by high resolution X-ray photoluminescence

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2018年第1期8卷 24-27页

作者： Shinjita Acharya Orlando Trejo Anup Dadlani Jan torgersen Filippo Berto Fritz Prinz Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Department of Chemistry Stanford University Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University

Sharp interfaces in optoelectronic devices are key for proper band alignment. Despite its benefits as buffer layer, ZnS deposited via atomic layer deposition(ALD) renders intermixed interfaces to its substrate, which can be detrimental for device performance. Here, we are attempting to elucidate the chemical species deriving from this metal-oxide to metal-sulfide transition studying ultrathin film ZnS on SiO_2 using high resolution X-ray photoluminescence spectroscopy(XPS).Regarding the S 2p spectra after a deposition of only three cycles of ZnS, we discover the many different chemical species in which S is present. These include intermediate oxides such as SO_4^(2-).These species become more obvious as we tilt the sample in the XPS chamber to shallower *** the Si 2p and S 2p high resolution peaks in the depth profile, one can clearly uncover the confinement of SO_4^(2-) to the interface of the underlying substrate. This may indicate that SiO_2/ZnS interfaces contain interfacial sulphates that likely alter the electronic configuration of this interface.

关键词： Atomic Layer Deposition Metal-Sulfide Zinc Sulfide Interface High resolution X-ray photoluminescence spectroscopy

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The effect of fiber orientation on fracture response of metallic fiber-reinforced adhesive thin films

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2018年第1期8卷 43-47页

作者： S.M.J.Razavi L.Sandnes J.torgersen F.Berto Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)

Incorporation of metallic fibers into the adhesive layer can significantly improve the mechanical behavior of the adhesive joint. This paper aims to assess the fracture behavior of an epoxy adhesive reinforced by longitudinal and lateral metallic fibers. Double cantilever beam(DCB) specimens were used to obtain the fracture energy of both non-reinforced and reinforced adhesives under mode I loading condition. In addition to the fiber orientation, the distance between the metal fibers was considered as the second key parameter in the experiments. It was concluded that although incorporation of metallic fibers in the adhesive layer improves the fracture behavior of neat adhesive, however, higher improvements were observed for the adhesive reinforced with longitudinal fibers. Furthermore, reducing the fiber distances resulted in higher values of fracture energy.

关键词： Double cantilever beam(DCB) Fracture energy Metal fibers Thin film Toughened adhesive

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Clinical Validation of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in a Norwegian Epilepsy Population

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第1期2卷 108-116页

作者： Johan torgersen Hans Flaatten Bernt A. Engelsen Arne Gramstad Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway Department of Surgical Sciences Section for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway

Introduction: Semi-automatic neuropsychological testing has gained a position both in clinical use and in research. Comparison studies with traditional neuropsychological tests are sparse and the role of such semi-automated testing is debated. To integrate semi-automated neuropsychological testing in the established clinical setting the tests must be validated in the patient groups addressed. The aim of this study was to validate Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB) in patients with epilepsy. Material and Methods: Patients scheduled for traditional neuropsychological testing with Category test (CT), Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B), WAIS-III and WMS-R were also asked to complete the CANTAB battery. Our hypothesis was that memory tests from CANTAB (DMS, PAL) would correlate with visual memory tests from WMS-R and that a test of executive functions from CANTAB (SOC) would correlate with functions tested with TMT-B, CT and WAIS-III. Results: Scores from DMS correlated strongly with Visual Paired Associations 1 from WMS-R. From SOC results correlated both with Visual Paired Association 1 & 2, General Memory Index and Full Scale IQ. Results from PAL correlated with several results from the traditional battery: Verbal, Visual and General Memory Index, Paired Associations, Visual Memory Span Backwards, TmtB and Visual IQ. Conclusion: Our results indicate that DMS primarily tests visual matching to sample. SOC tests executive functions and also depends on non-verbal IQ and memory. Numerous correlations between PAL and traditional tests illustrates that PAL is a complex task depending on several cognitive domains, but mainly memory.

关键词： CANTAB Validation Epilepsy WMS-R WAIS-III TMT-B CT

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A Survey of the Experience and Impact of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections on People in Six Countries in the 2011/2012 Common Cold and Flu Season

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 175-187页

作者： John David Hull Ian Paul Barton Jennifer torgersen Christine Marie McNeil Greater London Innovation Centre Procter & Gamble Egham UK Ipsos Marketing Cincinnati USA Mason Business Centre Procter & Gamble Cincinnati USA

Introduction: Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) are the most common infectious diseases of humankind. While usually mild and self-limiting, they are characterized by a series of simultaneously occurring symptoms/ signs that are sufficiently disruptive to sufferers’ normal activities in which medication is frequently sought. While the literature has many examples of epidemiological studies on these infections, there are few reports on patient experience and impact. This study was designed to investigate these aspects of Common Cold/Flu across six countries. Methods: A minimum of 500 adults aged 18 and older were recruited in each of six countries (Brazil, China, Germany, India, Russia, and the US) using customary survey research sampling techniques. Single 30-minute (online) or 40-minute door-to-door quantitative questionnaires with c. 50 questions were completed with each participant by the global research firm Ipsos. Main Findings: Across countries, incidence and seasonality of infections reported to this study were consistent with published data. There appears to be a need for patient education on the causes and transmission routes of respiratory infections. Getting good quality sleep and being able to continue with daily activities as an infection resolves are significant drivers to therapy. The most common non-prescription therapies reported were multi-ingredient products in line with the simultaneously occurring multi-symptom nature of the condition(s). Conclusions: This study indicated that acute URTIs exert a significant deleterious effect on sufferers. Public health education, possibly best undertaken by Pharmacists has the potential to impact the extent of virus transmission by ensuring that people know the true cause of the infection, how it is transmitted and how best to combat this. The several simultaneously occurring symptoms encourage sufferers to seek multi-ingredient remedies to allow them to continue with normal activities as their i

关键词： Common Cold Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Common Cold Survey

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简化法规,保持高度的安全标准:释放入环境的遗传改性生物的修订评估标准

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人类环境杂志 1995年第1期24卷 46-49页

作者： Helmut Gaugitsch Helge torgersen 罗天祥维也纳奥地利联邦环境署奥地利科学院技术评估研究所

为了制订用于评价释放进奥地利环境的遗传改性生物(GMOs)的标准,奥地利科学家和政府专家讨论了有关微生物、植物和动物的实例研究。考虑到欧盟(EU)和其他国际上的有关法规,以及对遗传改性生物和受体生物及其特性和环境条件的了解与国际... 详细信息

为了制订用于评价释放进奥地利环境的遗传改性生物(GMOs)的标准,奥地利科学家和政府专家讨论了有关微生物、植物和动物的实例研究。考虑到欧盟(EU)和其他国际上的有关法规,以及对遗传改性生物和受体生物及其特性和环境条件的了解与国际积累的经验,建议通过减少对已经取得经验的方面的信息需求,把注意力集中在特殊GMO及其环境的新特点方面,来简化当前的风险评估程序。在这一基础上,详细阐述遗传改性微生物、植物和动物释放的主要评估标准,并且提出某些基因转移动物释放的分类方案。

关键词：环境遗传改性生物评估标准奥地利

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过敏性休克的治疗：证据在哪里

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第4期6卷 99-100页

作者： Martin W. Dunser Christian torgersen Volker Wenzel 宋文涛(译) 姚尚龙(校) Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria 不详

在本期《Anesth＆Analg》杂志上，***等刈报道了有6例严重心血管衰竭的过敏性休克患者，对常规的液体治疗及儿茶酚胺治疗几乎没有反应，但是在使用精氨酸血管加压素（AVP）后得到明显的改善。病例的陈述非常有说服力，毫无疑问，这些患... 详细信息

在本期《Anesth＆Analg》杂志上，***等刈报道了有6例严重心血管衰竭的过敏性休克患者，对常规的液体治疗及儿茶酚胺治疗几乎没有反应，但是在使用精氨酸血管加压素（AVP）后得到明显的改善。病例的陈述非常有说服力，毫无疑问，这些患者的确发生了过敏性休克，而且尽快采用除AVP以外的治疗也应该是有效的。

关键词：过敏性休克液体治疗精氨酸血管加压素证据休克患者儿茶酚胺心血管 AVP

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古盐湖的演化与研究方向

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化工地质 1989年第1期11卷 78-83页

作者： T.torgersen P.DeDeckker A.R.Chivas J.M.Bowler 周建民

前言大型湖泊的沉积物记录着古大陆气候的变化,其沉积层续往往是连续的(或半连续的)并包含有各种环境标志。可用这些沉积物标志建立详细的古大陆环境标志。早期用这些标志确定阶地抬升和古湖岸线的时代。近年来,新技术新方法的出现对传... 详细信息

前言大型湖泊的沉积物记录着古大陆气候的变化,其沉积层续往往是连续的(或半连续的)并包含有各种环境标志。可用这些沉积物标志建立详细的古大陆环境标志。早期用这些标志确定阶地抬升和古湖岸线的时代。近年来,新技术新方法的出现对传统的环境标志有了新的解释。目前,沉积相分析不仅仅用于推断湖水水位,而且也用来推断过去的水化学环境。湖泊沉积物中的孢粉可推测区域性植物群的变化,用来阐明蒸发量、降水量以及气温的变化。

关键词：古盐湖盐湖演化

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