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Solvent-free mechanochemical mild oxidation method to enhance adsorption properties of chitosan

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 353-366页

作者： Mohammadtaghi Vakili Wen Qiu giovanni Cagnetta Jun Huang Gang Yu Green Intelligence Environmental School Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 408100China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKJLESPC) Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control(BKLEOC)School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Oxidation has been profitably utilized to improve some properties of ***,only solventbased oxidation procedures have been proposed so far,which are hardly feasible at industrial scale in an economic way because of product recovery *** this study,a solvent-free,rapid,and effective oxidation method is *** is based on direct solid-state reaction between chitosan and oxidant powder in a mechanochemical *** prove that by short high energy ball milling(<3 h)it is possible to achieve diverse physicochemical modifications employing different *** from polysaccharidic chain shortening,persulfate provokes high amorphization and induces formation of ketonic groups;percarbonate heightens deacetylation degree,preserving in part crystallinity;calcium peroxide merely deprotonates amino groups and increases amorphization *** tests with the azo-dye reactive red 2 show that adsorption capacity of chitosan co-milled with persulfate(974 mg/g milled product),which is the best performing adsorbent,is twice that of pristine chitosan,while adsorption rate is outstandingly boosted(125 times).

关键词： Chitosan High energy ball milling Mechanochemistry Oxidation

Fatty liver is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease- Evidence from three different disease models: NAFLD, HCV and HIV

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第44期22卷 9674-9693页

作者： Amedeo Lonardo Stefano Ballestri giovanni Guaraldi Fabio Nascimbeni Dante Romagnoli Stefano Zona giovanni Targher Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism Nuovo Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense - Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliera of Modena Internal Medicine Pavullo Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera of Modena Section of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Modena Section of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona

Fatty liver, which frequently coexists with necroinflammatory and fibrotic changes, may occur in the setting of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and chronic infections due to either hepatitis C virus(HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). These three pathologic conditions are associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD) and type 2 diabetes(T2D). In this multidisciplinary clinical review, we aim to discuss the ever-expanding wealth of clinical and epidemiological evidence supporting a key role of fatty liver in the development of T2 D and CVD in patients with NAFLD and in those with HCV or HIV infections. For each of these three common diseases, the epidemiological features, pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical implications of the presence of fatty liver in predicting the risk of incident T2 D and CVD are examined in depth. Collectively, the data discussed in this updated review, which follows an innovative comparative approach, further reinforce the conclusion that the presence of fatty/inflamed/fibrotic liver might be a shared important determinant for the development of T2 D and CVD in patients with NAFLD, HCV or HIV. This review may also open new avenues in the clinical and research arenas and paves the way for the planning of future, well-designed prospective and intervention studies.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular risk Fatty liver Fibrosis Hepatitis C-associated dysmetabolic syndrome Hepatitis C virus Human immunodeficiency virus Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatohepatitis Steatosis Virus-associated fatty liver disease

Exosomes:Key tools for cancer liquid biopsy

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BIOCELL 2022年第10期46卷 2167-2176页

作者： ISABELLA PANFOLI MAURIZIO BRUSCHI giovanni CANDIANO Dipartimento di Farmacia-DIFAR Universitàdi GenovaGenoa16132Italy Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenoa16147Italy

Precision medicine is based on the identification of biomarkers of tumor development and *** biopsy is at the forefront of the ability to gather diagnostic and prognostic information on tumors,as it can be noninvasively performed prior or during *** biopsy mostly utilizes circulating tumor cells,or free DNA,but also *** latter are nanovesicles secreted by most cell types,found in any body fluid that deliver proteins,nucleic acids and lipids to nearby and distant cells with a unique homing *** function in signalling between the tumor microenvironment and the rest of the body,promoting metastasis,immune remodelling and drug *** are emerging as a key tool in precision medicine for cancer liquid biopsy,as they efficiently preserve their biomarker ***,exosomes strongly resemble the parental cell,which can help in assessing the oxidative and metabolic state of the donor *** this respect,exosomes represent one of the most promising new tools to fight *** review will discuss the clinical applications of profiling exosomal proteins and lipids by high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics,and nucleic acids by next generation sequencing,as well as how this may allow cancer diagnosis,therapy response monitoring and recurrence detection.

关键词： Cancer Exosome Liquid biopsy Precision medicine

Exposure to ambient air particulate matter and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第25期19卷 3951-3956页

作者： giovanni Tarantino Domenico Capone Carmine Finelli Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Federico Ⅱ University Medical School of Naples INT "Fondazione Pascale" - Cancer Research Center of Mercogliano Unit of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Neuroscience Federico Ⅱ University Medical School of Naples Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation C/da S. Lucia Chiaromonte

The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD,i.e. , development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm Cytochrome P-450 Reactive oxygen species

Role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery of patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第24期20卷 7777-7784页

作者： giovanni D De Palma Pietro Forestieri Center of Excellence for Technical Innovation in Surgery Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico ⅡSchool of Medicine80131 NaplesItaly Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico ⅡSchool of Medicine80131 NaplesItaly

Obesity is an increasingly serious health problem in nearly all Western countries. It represents an important risk factor for several gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, erosive esophagitis, hiatal hernia, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, Helicobacter pylori infection, colorectal polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery is the most effective treatment to date, resulting in sustainable and significant weight loss, along with the resolution of metabolic comorbidities in up to 80% of cases. Many of these conditions can be clinically relevant and have a significant impact on patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There is evidence that the chosen procedure might be changed if specific pathological upper gastrointestinal findings, such as large hiatal hernia or Barrett’s esophagus, are detected preoperatively. The value of a routine endoscopy before bariatric surgery in asymptomatic patients (screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy) remains controversial. The common indications for endoscopy in the postoperative bariatric patient include the evaluation of symptoms, the management of complications, and the evaluation of weight loss failure. It is of critical importance for the endoscopist to be familiar with the postoperative anatomy and to work in close collaboration with bariatric surgery colleagues in order to maximize the outcome and safety of endoscopy in this setting. The purpose of this article is to review the role of the endoscopist in a multidisciplinary obesity center as it pertains to the preoperative and postoperative management of bariatric surgery patients.

关键词： Morbid obesity Obesity surgery Endoscopy Complications Endoscopic therapy

Endoscopic tools for the diagnosis and evaluation of celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8562-8570页

作者： Gianluca Ianiro Antonio Gasbarrini giovanni Cammarota Gastroenterology Unit "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Catholic University of Sacred Heart

Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease of the small bowel induced by ingestion of wheat,rye and *** guidelines indicate histological analysis on at least four duodenal biopsies as the only way to diagnose *** indications are based on the conception of the inability of standard endoscopy to make diagnosis of CD and/or to drive biopsy *** the last years,technology development of endoscopic devices has greatly ameliorated the accuracy of macroscopic evaluation of duodenal villous pattern,increasing the diagnostic power of endoscopy of *** aim of this paper is to review the new endoscopic tools and procedures proved to be useful in the diagnosis of CD,such as chromoendoscopy,Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy,Narrow Band Imaging,Optical Coherence Tomography,Water-Immersion Technique,confocal laser endomicroscopy,high-resolution magnification endoscopy,capsule endoscopy and I-Scan technology.

关键词： Celiac disease Malabsorption syndrome Duodenum Diagnostic techniques and proceduresEndoscopy Chromoendoscopy Fujinon intelligent chromo endoscopy Narrow band imaging Optical coherence tomography Water-immersion technique Confocal laser endomicroscopy High-resolution mag-nification endoscopy Capsule endoscopy I-scan tech-nology

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14559-14567页

作者： Gaia Caccamo Francesca Saffioti giovanni Raimondo Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Messina 98124 Messina Italy

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)share common mode of transmission and both are able to induce a chronic *** HBV/HCV chronic coinfection is a fairly frequent occurrence,especially in high endemic areas and among individuals at high risk of parenterally transmitted *** intracellular interplay between HBV and HCV has not yet been sufficiently clarified,also due to the lack of a proper in vitro cellular *** evaluation of serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA amounts has revealed that complex virological profiles may be present in coinfected *** HBV/HCV infection has been associated to a severe course of the liver disease and to a high risk of developing hepatocellular *** the clinical importance,solid evidence and clear guidelines for treatment of this special population are still *** review summarizes the available data on the virological and clinical features as well as the therapeutic options of the dual HBV/HCV infection,and highlights the aspects that need to be better clarified.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection Chronic hepatitis Viral interaction Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Antiviral therapy

Liver-spleen axis: Intersection between immunity, infections and metabolism

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第23期19卷 3534-3542页

作者： giovanni Tarantino Antonella Scalera Carmine Finelli Department of Clinica Medicine and Surgery Federico II University Medical School of Naples80131 Naples Italy INT "Fondazione Pascale" Cancer Research Center of Mercogliano83013 Mercogliano (Av) Italy Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation80035 Potenza Italy

Spleen has been considered a neglected organ so far, even though is strictly linked to liver. The spleen plays an important role in the modulation of the immune system and in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance via the clearance of circulating apoptotic cells, the differentiation and activation of T and B cells and production of antibodies in the white pulp. Moreover, splenic macrophages are able to remove bacteria from the blood and protect from sepsis during systemic infections. We review the spleen function and its assessment in humans starting from the description of spleen diseases, ranging from the congenital asplenia to secondary hyposplenism. From the literature data it is clear that obesity in humans affects different compartments of immune system, even thought there are still few data available on the implicated mechamisms. The intent is to enable clinicians to evaluate the newly recognized role of metabolic and endocrine functions of the spleen with special emphasis to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the context of the available ***, understanding the spleen function could be important to develop appropriate prevention strategies in order to counteract the pandemia of obesity. In this direction, we suggest spleen longitudinal diameter at ultrasonography, as simple, cheap and largely available tool, be used as new marker for assessing splenic function, in the context of the so-called liver-spleen axis.

关键词： Spleen size Obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Simulation of Bipolar Charge Transport in Graphene by Using a Discontinuous Galerkin Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2019年第6期26卷 114-134页

作者： Armando Majorana giovanni Nastasi Vittorio Romano Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Universita degli Studi di Cataniaviale Andrea Doria 695125 CataniaItaly

Charge transport in suspended monolayer graphene is simulated by a numerical deterministic approach,based on a discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method,for solving the semiclassical Boltzmann equation for *** the conduction and valence bands are included and the interband scatterings are taken into *** use of a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC)approach,which properly describes the interband scatterings,is computationally very expensive because the va-lence band is very populated and a huge number of particles is *** the choice of simulating holes instead of electrons does not overcome the problem because there is a certain degree of ambiguity in the generation and recombination terms of electron-hole ***,direct solutions of the Boltzmann equations with a DSMC neglect the interband scatterings on the basis of physical *** DG approach does not suffer from the previous drawbacks and requires a reasonable computing *** the present paper the importance of the interband scatterings is accurately evaluated for several values of the Fermi energy,addressing the issue related to the validity of neglecting the generation-recombination *** is found out that the inclusion of the interband scatterings produces huge variations in the average values,as the current,with zero Fermi energy while,as expected,the effect of the interband scattering becomes negligible by increasing the absolute value of the Fermi energy.

关键词： Graphene bipolar charge transport discontinuous Galerkin method