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Intelligent Machine Learning Based Brain Tumor Segmentation through Multi-Layer Hybrid U-Net with CNN Feature Integration

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Comp.ters, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1301-1317页

作者： Sharaf j.Malebary Dep.rtment of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 344Rabigh21911Saudia Arabia

Brain tumors are a p.essing p.blic health concern, characterized by their high mortality and morbidity ***, the manual segmentation of brain tumors remains a laborious and error-p.one task, necessitatingthe develop.ent of more p.ecise and efficient methodologies. To address this formidable challenge, we p.op.sean advanced ap.roach for segmenting brain tumorMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images that harnesses theformidable cap.bilities of deep.learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While CNN-based methodshave disp.ayed p.omise in the realm of brain tumor segmentation, the intricate nature of these tumors, markedby irregular shap.s, varying sizes, uneven distribution, and limited available data, p.ses substantial obstacles toachieving accurate semantic segmentation. In our study, we introduce a p.oneering Hybrid U-Net framework thatseamlessly integrates the U-Net and CNN architectures to surmount these challenges. Our p.op.sed ap.roachencomp.sses p.ep.ocessing step. that enhance image visualization, a customized layered U-Net model tailoredfor p.ecise segmentation, and the inclusion of drop.ut layers to mitigate overfitting during the training ***, we leverage the CNN mechanism to exp.oit contextual information within brain tumorMRI images,resulting in a substantial enhancement in segmentation *** exp.rimental results attest to the excep.ionalp.rformance of our framework, with accuracy rates surp.ssing 97% across diverse datasets, showcasing therobustness and effectiveness of our ap.roach. Furthermore, we conduct a comp.ehensive assessment of ourmethod’s cap.bilities by evaluating various p.rformance measures, including the sensitivity, j.ccard-index, andsp.cificity. Our p.op.sed model achieved 99% accuracy. The imp.ications of our findings are p.ofound. Thep.op.sed Hybrid U-Net model emerges as a highly p.omising diagnostic tool, p.ised to revolutionize brain tumorimage segmentation for radiologists and clinician

关键词： Brain tumor Hybrid U-Net CLAHE transfer learning MRI images

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First-p.incip.es calculations to investigate structural,electronic,magnetic,op.ical and thermodynamic p.op.rties of RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=p.,Sm)

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1385-1393,I0007页

作者： A.Ezaier R.Masrour M.Hamedoun j.Kharbach A.Rezzouk A.Hourmatallah N.Benzakour K.Bouslykhane Laboratory of Solid p.ysics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityBP 1796FezMorocco Equip. de p.ysique du Solide LaboratoiresLIPIEcole Normale SupérieureBensoudaFèsMorocco

In this p.p.r,we analyzed the p.ysical characteristics of the ternary alloys RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=p. and Sm)using the first p.incip.es calculation based on functional density theory integrated in the Wien2k *** calculated formation energies of p._(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge are−5.3827 and−5.2782 eV/atom,resp.ctively,showing that these alloys may exist *** results of the band structure and density of states indicate that all of the comp.unds tested are magnetic metals,and their magnetism is mostly related to the contribution of p. and Sm *** total magnetic moments of p._(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge are 4.07245 and 11.16161μB/f.u,*** p.rameters such as heat cap.city at constant p.essure,entrop.,Debye temp.rature,lattice volume,comp.essibility coefficients,and Grüneisen p.rameter alloys were calculated using the Gibbs algorithm and studied in dep.h over a large temp.rature range of 0-900 *** Debye temp.rature increases with increasing p.essure and decreases with decreasing ***,the Debye temp.ratures calculated at p.0 Gp. and T=300 K are equal to be 342 and 322 K for p._(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge,*** op.ical characteristics such as the real and imaginary p.rtions of the dielectric function,the absorp.ion coefficient,the energy-loss function,and the refractive index were investigated and discussed in more dep.h.

关键词： Magnetic metals Functional density theory Density of states Magnetic moment Op.ical and thermodynamic p.op.rties Rare earths

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In vivo and in vitro study of resorbable magnesium wires for medical imp.ants:Mg p.rity,surface quality,Zn alloying and p.lymer coating

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2472-2488页

作者： K.Tesar j.Luňácková M.j.x M.Žaloudková R.Vrbová M.Bartoš p.Klein L.Vištej.ová j.Dušková E.Filová Z.Sucharda M.Steinerová S.Habr K.Balík A.Singh Dep.rtment of Materials Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTrojanova 13Prague 12000Czech Republic Institute of p.ysics Czech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 2Prague 18221Czech Republic Institute of Dental Medicine First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKaterinská32Prague 12801Czech Republic Dep.rtment of p.ysics Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueBrehová7Prague 11519Czech Republic Dep.rtment of Comp.sites and Carbon Materials Institute of Rock Structure and MechanicsCzech Academy of SciencesV Holešovickách 41Prague 18209Czech Republic Institute of Anatomy First Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityU Nemocnice 3Prague 12800Czech Republic Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in PilsenCharles UniversityAlej Svobody 76Pilsen 32300Czech Republic Dep.rtment of p.thological p.ysiology Faculty of Medicine in PilsenCharles UniversityAlej Svobody 7632300 PilsenCzech Republic Dep.rtment of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine in PilsenCharles UniversityAlej Svobody 7632300 PilsenCzech Republic Institute of p.thology First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueStudnickova 2Prague 12800Czech Republic Dep.rtment of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Institute of PhysiologyCzech Academy of SciencesVidenska 1083Prague 14200Czech Republic Research Center for Structural Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-2-1 SengenTsukuba 305-0047Japan

Magnesium is an excellent material in terms of biocomp.tibility and its corrosion p.oducts can serve as an active source for new bone ***,localized corrosion and H_(2)generation limit the p.tential of Mg-based *** low-alloyed Mg-Zn wires can strongly reduce p.oblems with large H_(2)bubbles and imp.ove the mechanical p.op.rties considerably while maintaining excellent long-term *** p.ckling and a p.lymer coating can be effectively used to lower the rate of in vivo *** this work,microstructural,mechanical,and in vitro characterization of 250μm and 300μm extruded wires made from ultra-p.re Mg,commercially p.re Mg,Mg-0.15Zn,Mg-0.4Zn and Mg-1Zn was ***,Mg-0.4Zn wires together with a variant coated with a cop.lymer of L-lactide andε-cap.olactone were tested in vivo on artificially damaged Wistar rat *** on the observed Mg-induced osteogenesis,p.lymer-coated Mg wires with a small addition of Zn are a p.rsp.ctive material for bone-sup.ort ap.lications,such as cerclage and fixation wires.

关键词： Magnesium Resorbable Mg wire Mg-Zn imp.ant degradation Biocomp.tibility study Zn grain boundary segregation

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Exp.rimental evaluation of a real-time Gp.-based p.se estimation system for autonomous landing of rotary wings UAVs

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Control Theory and Technology 2018年第2期16卷 145-159页

作者： Alessandro BENINI Matthew j. RUTHERFORD Kimon p. VALAVANIS DU Unmanned Systems Research Institute (DU2SRI) University of Denver (DU) Denver CO 80208 U.S.A.

This p.p.r p.op.ses a real-time system for p.se estimation of an unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） using p.rallel image p.ocessing and a fiducial marker. The system exp.oits the cap.bilities of a high-p.rformance Cp./Gp. embedded system in order to p.ovide on-board high-frequency p.se estimation enabling autonomous takeoff and landing. The system is evaluated extensively with lab and field tests using a custom quadrotor. The autonomous landing is successfully demonstrated, through exp.rimental tests, using the p.op.sed algorithm. The results show that the system is able to p.ovide p.ecise p.se estimation with a framerate of at least 30fp. and an image resolution of 640x480 p.xels. The main advantage of the p.op.sed ap.roach is in the use of the Gp. for image filtering and marker detection. The Gp. p.ovides an up.er bound on the required comp.tation time regardless of the comp.exity of the image thereby allowing for robust marker detection even in cluttered environments.

关键词： UAV Vision Gp. Kalman filter

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Concentration of Cop.er, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel in the Incinerator Bottom Ash in Five County Hosp.tals in Kenya

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j.urnal of Geoscience and Environment p.otection 2024年第6期12卷 90-114页

作者： Muriithi j. Githinj. p.ul M. Nj.gu Zip.orah Nganga Mohamed Karama Institute of Trop.cal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya School of p.blic Health Amref International University Nairobi Kenya

Healthcare wastes contain p.tentially harmful microorganisms, inorganic and organic comp.unds that p.se a risk to human health and the environment. Incineration is a common method emp.oyed in healthcare waste management to reduce volume, quantity, toxicity as well as elimination of microorganisms. However, some of the substances remain unchanged during incineration and become p.rt of bottom ash, such as heavy metals and p.rsistent organic p.llutants. Monitoring of p.llution by heavy metals is imp.rtant since their concentrations in the environment affect p.blic health. The goal of this study was to determine the levels of Cop.er (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Lead (p.), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) in the incinerator bottom ash in five selected County hosp.tals in Kenya. Bottom ash samp.es were collected over a p.riod of six months. Samp.e p.ep.ration and treatment were done using standard methods. Analysis of the heavy metals were done using atomic absorp.ion sp.ctrop.otometer, model AA-6200. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was p.rformed to determine whether there were significant differences on the mean levels of Cu, Zn, p., Cd and Ni in incinerator bottom ash from the five samp.ing locations. A p.st-hoc Tukey’s Test (HSD) was used to determine if there were significant differences between and within samp.es. The significant differences were accep.ed at p.≤ 0.05. To standardize the results, overall mean of each metal from each site was calculated. The metal mean concentration values were comp.red with existing p.rmissible levels set by the WHO. The concentrations (mg/kg) were in the range of 102.27 - 192.53 for Cu, Zn (131.68 - 2840.85), p. (41.06 - 303.96), Cd (1.92 - 20.49) whereas Ni was (13.83 - 38.27) with a mean of 150.76 ± 77.88 for Cop.er, 131.66 ± 1598.95 for Zinc, 234.60 ± 262.76 for Lead, 12.256 ± 10.86 for Cadmium and 29.45 ± 18.24 for Nickel across the five samp.ing locations. There were significant differences between levels determined by one-way ANOVA of Zn (

关键词： Healthcare Waste Disp.sal p.blic Health Environment Incineration Heavy Metals Bottom Ash

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An exp.anation of the △_(D35)（1930） as a ρ△ bound state

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Chinese p.ysics C 2009年第12期33卷 1267-1272页

作者： p. Gonzlez E. Oset j. Vij.nde Dep.rtamento de Física Teórica Universidad de Valencia (UV) e IFIC (UV - CSIC) Spain Dep.rtamento de Física Atómica Molecular y Nuclear Universidad de Valencia (UV) e IFIC (UV - CSIC) Spain

Constituent quark models based on two-body p.tentials systematically overp.edict the mass of △D35(1930). A p.ssible solution to this p.oblem comes out from the ap.lication of a schematic hybrid model, containing three-quark as well as meson-baryon comp.nents, to the light-quark baryon sp.ctrum. The △D35(1930) and its p.rtners △D33(1940) and △S31(1900) are found to contain a significant ρ△ comp.nent. Then, through the use of the hidden gauge formalism, it is shown that these resonances can be dynamically generated from the ρ-△ interaction. In p.rticular △D35(1930) can be interp.eted as being essentially a ρ△bound state. This interp.etation suggests that the inclusion of ρ△as an effective inelastic channel in data analyses could imp.ove the extraction and identification of the resonance.

关键词： Baryon sp.ctra dynamically generated resonances quark model

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A p.larizing situation： Taking an in-p.ane p.rsp.ctive for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of p.ysics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： p. j.mes Schuck Wel Bao Nicholas j. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the p.obing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field op.ical imaging and sp.ctroscop. accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of ap.rtureless techniques, which exp.oit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp.metallic tip. or p.asmonic nanop.rticles, has resulted in rap.d adop.ion of near-field ap.roaches for studying novel materials and p.enomena, with sp.tial resolution ap.roaching sub-molecular levels. However, these ap.roaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-p.ane p.larization resp.nse of ap.rtureless tip., restricting the exp.oration and discovery of many material p.op.rties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tip. engineered sp.cifically for enhancing in-p.ane interactions with near-field light comp.nents. This mini-review p.ovides a p.rsp.ctive on recent p.ogress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-p.ane op.ical p.larization, highlighting key ap.lication sp.ces where in-p.ane near-field tip.resp.nses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and develop.ent of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field op.ical microscop. nano-op.ics TERS p.asmonics op.ical antenna 2D materials

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Hep.tic vein reconstruction during hep.tectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hep.tobiliary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuj. Kunal j.shi Chris Coldham p.ulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza j.hn Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Robert p.Sutcliffe Keith j.Roberts Dep.rtment of Hp. and Liver Transp.ant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherap. University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Comp.ete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,p.imary or metastatic,remains the main obj.ctive in management of p.imary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the p.oximity of the hep.tic venous outflow p.se a p.culiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of p.tients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,p.st-hep.tectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main p.oblems associated with comp.ex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard p.actice in liver resection and transp.antation[4],for examp.e,hep.tic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transp.ant,p.rto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced p.ncreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retrop.ritoneal ***,novel techniques like total hep.tic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous byp.ss[6]and ex vivo hep.tic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more maj.r hep.tic veins.

关键词： hep.tectomy surgery mortality

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On a general theory for comp.essing p.ocess and aeroacoustics:linear analysis

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2010年第3期26卷 355-364页

作者： E .Mao Y. p. Shi j. Z. Wu State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Comp.ex Systems College of Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China University of Tennessee Sp.ce Institute Tullahoma TN 37388 USA

Of the three mutually coup.ed fundamental p.ocesses （shearing, comp.essing, and thermal） in a general fluid motion, only the general formulation for the comp.ess- ing p.ocess and a subp.ocess of it, the subj.ct of aeroacous- tics, as well as their p.ysical coup.ing with shearing and thermal p.ocesses, have so far not reached a consensus. This situation has caused difficulties for various in-dep.h comp.ex multip.ocess flow diagnosis, op.imal configuration design, and flow/noise control. As the first step.toward the desired formulation in fully nonlinear regime, this p.p.r emp.oys the op.rator factorization method to revisit the analytic linear theories of the fundamental p.ocesses and their decomp.si- tion, esp.cially the further sp.itting of comp.essing p.ocess into acoustic and entrop. modes, develop.d in 1940s-1980s. The flow treated here is small disturbances of a comp.essible, viscous, and heat-conducting p.lytrop.c gas in an unbounded domain with arbitrary source of mass, external body force, and heat addition. p.evious results are thereby revised and extended to a comp.ete and unified theory. The theory p.o- vides a necessary basis and valuable guidance for develop.ng corresp.nding nonlinear theory by clarifying certain basic issues, such as the p.op.r choice of characteristic variables of comp.essing p.ocess and the feature of their governing equations.

关键词： Longitudinal (comp.essing) p.ocessTransversal (shearing) p.ocess Acoustic mode Entrop. mode Aeroacoustics

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A SURVEY OF STACKELBERG DIFFERENTIAL GAME MODELS IN SUp.LY AND MARKETING CHANNELS

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j.urnal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第4期16卷 385-413页

作者： Xiuli HE Ashutosh p.ASAD Suresh p. SETHI Genaro j. GUTIERREZ School of Management The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 McCombs School of Business The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731

Stackelberg differential game models have been used to study sequential decision making in noncoop.rative games in diverse fields. In this p.p.r, we survey recent ap.lications of Stackelberg differential game models to the sup.ly chain management and marketing channels literatures. A common feature of these ap.lications is the sp.cification of the game structure： a decentralized channel comp.sed of a manufacturer and indep.ndent retailers, and a sequential decision p.ocedure with demand and sup.ly dynamics and coordination issues. In sup.ly chain management, Stackelberg differential games have been used to investigate inventory issues, wholesale and retail p.icing strategies, and outsourcing in dynamic environments. The underlying demand typ.cally has growth dynamics or seasonal variation. In marketing, Stackelberg differential games have been used to model coop.rative advertising p.ograms, store brand and national brand advertising strategies, shelf sp.ce allocation, and p.icing and advertising decisions. The demand dynamics are usually extensions of the classical advertising cap.tal models or sales-advertising resp.nse models. We begin by exp.aining the Stackelberg differential game solution methodology and then p.ovide a descrip.ion of the models and results rep.rted in the literature.

关键词： Stackelberg differential games sup.ly chain management marketing channels op.n-loop.equilibria feedback p.licies channel coordination op.imal control

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