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Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by single-stranded RNA structural mimics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2100-2108页

作者： Robert Smolic Martina Smolic John H Andorfer Catherine H Wu Robert M smith george Y Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Ave.FarmingtonCT 06030-1845United States

AIM: To examine the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural mimics of regulatory regions of the genome on HCV ***: HCV RNA structural mimics were constructed and tested in a HCV genotype 1b aBB7 replicon,and a Japanese fulminant hepatitis-1 (JFH-1) HCV genotype 2a infection *** sequences were computer-predicted to adopt stem-loop structures identical to the corresponding elements in full-length viral ***7.5 cells bearing the BB7 replicon or infected with JFH-1 virus were transfected with expression vectors generating HCV mimics and *** HCV RNA and protein levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting,*** evaluate possible antisense effects,complementary RNAs spanning a mimic were ***: In the BB7 genotype 1b replicon system,mimics of the polymerase (NS-5B),X and BA regions inhibited replication by more than 90%,50%,and 60%,*** the JFH-1 genotype 2 infection system,mimics that were only 74% and 46% identical in sequence relative to the corresponding region in JFH-1 inhibited HCV replication by 91.5% and 91.2%,respectively,as effectively as a mimic with complete identity to HCV genotype *** inhibitory effects were confirmed by NS3 protein *** RNA molecules spanning the 74% identical mimic had no significant ***: HCV RNA structural mimics can inhibit HCV RNA replication in replicon and infectious HCV systems and do so independent of close sequence identity with the target.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Japanese fulminant hepatitis virus Complementarity RNA sequence Hybridization

AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB-AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： Emily C.COOLEDGE David R.CHADWICK Lydia M.J.smith Jonathan R.LEAKE davey L.JONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil ***-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil ***,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed *** leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover *** grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas *** review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock *** botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

Functional and immunological peculiarities of peripheral nerve allografts

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 721-727页

作者： Kelly C.S.Roballo Jason P.Gigley Tyler A.smith george D.Bittner Jared S.Bushman School of Pharmacy University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA Department of Molecular Biology University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

This review addresses the accumulating evidence that live(not decellularized)allogeneic peripheral nerves are functionally and immunologically peculiar in comparison with many other transplanted allogeneic *** is relevant because live peripheral nerve allografts are very effective at promoting recovery after segmental peripheral nerve injury via axonal regeneration and axon *** the immunological peculiarities of peripheral nerve allografts may also be of interest to the field of transplantation in *** topics are addressed:The first discusses peripheral nerve injury and the potential utility of peripheral nerve allografts for bridging segmental peripheral nerve defects via axon fusion and axon *** second reviews evidence that peripheral nerve allografts elicit a more gradual and less severe host immune response allowing for prolonged survival and function of allogeneic peripheral nerve cells and ***,potential mechanisms that may account for the immunological differences of peripheral nerve allografts are discussed.

关键词： allograft animal model immunology neuroimmunology peripheral nerve injury regeneration repair tissue regeneration tissue transplantation transplant

miR-200 family expression is downregulated upon neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第8期17卷 1036-1044页

作者： Cameron M smith David I Watson Mary P Leong george C Mayne Michael Z Michael Bas PL Wijnhoven Damian J Hussey Department of Surgery Flinders University Bedford Park Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Flinders University Bedford Park Department of Surgery Erasmus Medical Centre

AIM: To investigate miR-200 family expression in Barrett's epithelium, gastric and duodenal epithelia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure miR-200, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of miR-200 targets was used to predict biological outcomes. RESULTS: Barrett's epithelium expressed lower levels of miR-141 and miR-200c than did gastric and duodenal epithelia (P < 0.001). In silico analysis indicated roles for the miR-200 family in molecular pathways that distinguish Barrett's epithelium from gastric and duodenalepithelia, and which control apoptosis and proliferation. All miR-200 members were downregulated in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.02), and miR-200c expression was also downregulated in non-invasive epithelium adjacent to adenocarcinoma (P < 0.02). The expression of all miR-200 members was lower in Barrett's epithelium derived high-grade dysplastic cell lines than in a cell line derived from benign Barrett's epithelium. We observed signif icant inverse correlations between miR-200 family expression and ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression in Barrett's epithelium and esophageal adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: miR-200 expression might contribute to the anti-apoptotic and proliferative phenotype of Barrett's epithelium and regulate key neoplastic processes in this epithelium.

关键词： miRNA Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal adenocarcinoma miR-200 Epithelial to mesenchymal transition Apoptosis Proliferation Epithelium

Resolving SSM/I-Ship Radar Rainfall Discrepancies from AIP-3

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第6期22卷 903-914页

作者： Song YANG Eric A. smith School of Computational Sciences George Mason University Fairfax VA USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

The third algorithm intercomparison project （AIP-3） involved rain estimates from more than 50 satellite rainfall algorithms and ground radar measurements within the Intensive Flux Array （IFA） over the equatorial western Pacific warm pool region during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment （TOGA COARE）. Early results indicated that there was a sys- tematic bias between rainrates from satellite passive microwave and ground radar measurements. The mean rainrate from radar measurements is about 50% underestimated compared to that from passive microwave-based retrieval algorithms. This paper is designed to analyze rain patterns from the Florida State University rain retrieval algorithm and radar measurements to understand physically the rain discrep- ancies. Results show that there is a clear range-dependent bias associated with the radar measurements. However, this range-dependent systematical bias is almost eliminated with the corrected radar rainrates. Results suggest that the effects from radar attenuation correction, calibration and beam filling are the major sources of rain discrepancies. This study demonstrates that rain retrievals based on satellite mea- surements from passive microwave radiometers such as the Special Sensor of Microwave Imager （SSM/I） are reliable, while rain estimates from ground radar measurements are correctable.

关键词： rainfall SSM/I radar satellite microwave measurements

Mining Unknown Porcine Protein Isoforms by Tissue-based Map of Proteome Enhances Pig Genome Annotation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第5期19卷 772-786页

作者： Pengju Zhao Xianrui Zheng Ying Yu Zhuocheng Hou Chenguang Diao Haifei Wang Huimin Kang Chao Ning Junhui Li Wen Feng Wen Wang george ELiu Bugao Li Jacqueline smith Yangzom Chamba Jian-Feng Liu National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterU.S.Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghEaster BushMidlothian EH259RGUK Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College Linzhi 860000China

A lack of the complete pig proteome has left a gap in our knowledge of the pig genome and has restricted the feasibility of using pigs as a biomedical *** this study,we developed a tissue-based proteome map using 34 major normal pig tissues.A total of 5841 unknown protein isoforms were identified and systematically characterized,including 2225 novel protein isoforms,669 protein isoforms from 460 genes symbolized beginning with LOC,and 2947 protein isoforms without clear NCBI annotation in the current pig reference *** newly identified protein isoforms were functionally annotated through profiling the pig transcriptome with high-throughput RNA sequencing of the same pig tissues,further improving the genome annotation of the corresponding protein-coding *** the well-annotated genes that have parallel expression pattern and subcellular witness,we predicted the tissue-related subcellular locations and potential functions for these unknown ***,we mined 3081 orthologous genes for 52.7% of unknown protein isoforms across multiple species,referring to 68 KEGG pathways as well as 23 disease signaling *** findings provide valuable insights and a rich resource for enhancing studies of pig genomics and biology,as well as biomedical model application to human medicine.

关键词： Expression pattern Unknown protein Pig Proteome Subcellular location

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Intermittently Flooded (Dambo) Rice under Different Tillage Practices in Chiota Smallholder Farming Area of Zimbabwe

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第4期3卷 13-20页

作者： george Nyamadzawo Menas Wuta Ngonidzashe Chirinda Lizzie Mujuru Jeffrey Lynn smith Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele Denmark Department of Environmental Science Bindura University of Science Education Bindura Zimbabwe Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe USDA-Agricultural Research Service Washington State University Pullman USA

Agriculture is one of the biggest sources of greenhouse gases. Rice production has been identified as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases, especially methane. However, data on the contributions of rice towards greenhouse gas emissions in tropical Africa are limited. In Zimbabwe, as in most of Sub-Saharan Africa, there are very few studies that have explored greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural lands. This study reports the first dataset on greenhouse gas emissions from intermittently flooded rice paddies in Zimbabwe. The objective of this study was to quantify greenhouse gas emissions from dambo rice under different tillage treatments, which were conventional tillage, no tillage, tied ridges, tied fallows, and mulching. Average soil nitrous oxide emissions were 5.9, 0.2, 5.4, 5.2 and 7.8 μg·m-2·hr-1 for tied fallows, conventional tillage, tied ridges, mulching and no tillage respectively. Average methane emission was 0.35 mg·m-2·hr-1 and maximum as 1.62 mg·m-2·hr-1. Average methane emissions for the different tillage systems were 0.20, 0.18, 0.45, 0.52 and 0.38 mg·m-2·hr-1 for tied fallows, conventional tillage, tied ridges, mulching and no tillage respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions were 98.1, 56.0, 69.9, 94.8 and 95.5 mg·m-2·hr-1 for tied fallows, conventional tillage, tied ridges, mulching and no tillage respectively. The estimated emissions per 150 day cropping season were 1.4, 3.6 and 0.6 kg·ha-1 for methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide respectively. We concluded that intermittently saturated dambo rice Paddys are a potential source of greenhouse gases which is important to global greenhouse gas budgets, thus, they deserve more careful study.

关键词： Greenhouse Gases Smallholder Farming Sector Rice Seasonal Wetland (Dambo)

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对酒当歌,人生几何:美酒佳肴为音乐增色

歌剧 2024年第5期 52-61页

作者：司马勤李正欣(编译) 蒋海瑛(编译) 不详

大概四分之一个世纪前,乔治·斯提尔(george Steel)只用四个字就在纽约古典音乐圈中掀起了一次革命,方法极为简单。当年他接管了哥伦比亚大学米勒剧院(Miller Theatre)后,将那个从前只搬演毫不起眼的演出季的场馆,彻底改造为一个充满活... 详细信息

大概四分之一个世纪前,乔治·斯提尔(george Steel)只用四个字就在纽约古典音乐圈中掀起了一次革命,方法极为简单。当年他接管了哥伦比亚大学米勒剧院(Miller Theatre)后,将那个从前只搬演毫不起眼的演出季的场馆,彻底改造为一个充满活力、现代味浓厚的“无贝多芬地带”。当一个备受赞誉的音乐网站询问斯提尔吸引观众来看新作品演出的诀窍时,他回答道:“免费酒水!”

关键词：哥伦比亚大学音乐网站美酒佳肴古典音乐提尔对酒当歌吸引观众

Serum outperforms plasma in small extracellular vesicle microRNA biomarker studies of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第20期26卷 2570-2583页

作者： Karen Chiam george C Mayne Tingting Wang David I Watson Tanya S Irvine Tim Bright Lorelle T smith Imogen A Ball Joanne M Bowen Dorothy M Keefe Sarah K Thompson Damian J Hussey Discipline of Surgery College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5042Australia Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Cancer Program College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5042Australia Discipline of Surgery The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide Medical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Faculty of Health Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs(miRNAs)are potential biomarkers for many ***,they can originate from non-disease specific sources,such as blood cells,and compromise the investigations for miRNA *** small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)have been suggested to provide a purer source of circulating miRNAs for biomarkers discovery,the most suitable blood sample for sEV miRNA biomarker studies has not been *** To compare the mi RNA profiles between matched serum and plasma s EV preparations to determine their suitability for biomarker *** Matched serum and plasma samples were obtained from 10 healthy controls and10 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.s EV isolates were prepared from serum and plasma using Exo Quick TM and quantified using Nano *** was extracted from s EV preparations with the mi RNeasy Serum/Plasma kit and profiled using the Taqman Openarray q *** overall mi RNA content and theexpression of specific mi RNAs of reported vesicular and non-vesicular origins were compared between serum and plasma s EV *** diagnostic performance of a previously identified multi-mi RNA biomarker panel for esophageal adenocarcinoma was also *** The overall mi RNA content was higher in plasma s EV preparations(480 mi RNAs)and contained 97.5%of the mi RNAs found in the serum s EV preparations(412 mi RNAs).The expression of commonly expressed mi RNAs was highly correlated(Spearman’s R=0.87,P<0.0001)between the plasma and serum s EV preparations,but was consistently higher in the plasma s EV *** blood-cell mi RNAs(hsa-mi R-223-3 p,hsa-mi R-451 a,mi R-19 b-3 p,hsa-mi R-17-5 p,hsa-mi R-30 b-5 p,hsa-mi R-106 a-5 p,hsa-mi R-150-5 p and hsa-mi R-92 a-3 p)were expressed at 2.7 to 9.6 fold higher levels in the plasma s EV preparations compared to serum s EV preparations(P<0.05).In plasma s EV preparations,the percentage of protein-associated mi RNAs expressed at relatively higher levels(Ct

关键词： Biomarkers Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Circulating microRNA MicroRNAs Plasma Serum Blood cells Real-time polymerase chain reaction Adenocarcinoma of esophagus