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Optically monitoring and controlling nanoscale topography during semiconductor etching

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Light(Science & Applications) 2012年第1期1卷 41-46页

作者： Chris Edwards Amir Arbabi gabriel Popescu Lynford L Goddard Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

We present epi-diffraction phase microscopy(epi-DPM)as a non-destructive optical method for monitoring semiconductor fabrication processes in real time and with nanometer level *** method uses a compact Mach–Zehnder interferometer to recover quantitative amplitude and phase maps of the field reflected by the *** low temporal noise of 0.6 nm per pixel at 8.93 frames per second enabled us to collect a three-dimensional movie showing the dynamics of wet etching and thereby accurately quantify non-uniformities in the etch rate both across the sample and over *** displaying a gray-scale digital image on the sample with a computer projector,we performed photochemical etching to define arrays of microlenses while simultaneously monitoring their etch profiles with epi-DPM.

关键词： microscopy nanoscale metrology photochemical etching quantitative phase imaging semiconductor process monitoring

Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sorafenib in a Reference Center in Mexico

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Surgical Science 2011年第6期2卷 356-359页

作者： Axel Costilla-Montero Benjamín Guadarrama-Benítez Marco A. Aragón-Castro Omar Morales-Ordaz Rubén gutiérrez-Rosales Claudia Carrillo-Ponce Marcela Janka-Zires Luis gabriel Vázquez-Lavista Departament of Urology Centro Médico ISSEMYM Toluca Toluca México

Background: neo - adjuvant therapy is usually indicated in locally advanced tumors, the aim is to decrease the tumoral burden and enhance overall survival. Renal cell carcinoma is a chemo and radio resistant neoplasm and this type of approach is not as effective as in other solid tumors. On the other hand immunotherapy is indicated in metastatic disease, demonstrating a better overall survival. Sorafenib is an antiangiogenic drug approved for locally advanced or metastatic RCC. We postulated that it can be used in a neoadjuvant way to decrease the vascularization of selected tumors. Report of the case: 57 years old male referred to our service with a right renal mass and metastatic disease to lumbar spine and suprarenal gland. He was treated with three months of sorafenib previous to the surgery. Results: The patient went into surgery three months after initiating the antiangiogenic drug, during the surgery we found less neo-formance vessels;the dissection was subjectively easier, due to peri-renal edema. The pathologic analysis of the specimen was renal cell carcinoma. Interestingly, 40% of central ischemic (coagulative) necrosis was found. Conclusion: There are no neoadjuvant drugs accepted for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma;using an antiagiogenic drug to decrease the vascular burden characteristic of this type of tumors could be a viable option in selected cases. We used a lower dose of the drug with an acceptable safety profile.

关键词： Renal Cell Carcinoma Antiagiogenic Drugs Neoadyvant Therapy Sorafenib

3′-UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 genome as a possible source of piRNAs

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 668-670页

作者： María Teresa Hernández-Huerta Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes Carlos Romero Díaz Eli Cruz Parada Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos Margarito Martínez Cruz gabriel Mayoral Andrade Eduardo Pérez-Campos CONACyT Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryAutonomous University“Benito Juárez”of Oaxaca(UABJO)Oaxaca 68020Mexico Research Center Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJOAutonomous University“Benito Juárez”of Oaxaca(UABJO)Oaxaca 8020Mexico National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca Oaxaca de JuárezOaxaca 68030Mexico

SARS-CoV-2 is the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that is comprised of a 5′ and 3′-untranslated region (UTR) in its non-coding RNA (ncRNA) region. The P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are ncRNA sequences that bind to transposons and interfere with the translation of new genes. Here, we search for short sequences in the non-coding regions, corresponding to 28 nucleotides (nt). These start from a uracil and have a conserved region of at least 10 nt of homology with the previously reported piRNAs. The aim of this work was to identify piRNA-like sequences in the 3′-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 from the reported Wuhan Patient's genome sequence (GenBank: MN908947.3).

关键词： piRNA sequences piRNAs

Investigation of the anisotropic confinement-dependent brittleness of a Utah coal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第2期8卷 274-290页

作者： Bo-Hyun Kim gabriel Walton Mark KLarson Steve Berry CDC/NIOSH 315 E.Montgomery Ave.SpokaneWAUSA Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA Department of Geological Engineering Montana TechButteMTUSA

Changes of failure mechanism with increasing confinement,from extensional to shear-dominated failure,are widely observed in the rupture of intact specimens at the laboratory scale and in rock *** an analysis published in 2018,both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics of 84 specimens of a Utah coal,including the spalling limits,the ratio of apparent unconfined compressive strength to unconfined compressive strength(UCS),the damage characteristics,and the post-yield *** mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic as a function of the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading direction,defined as the included angle.A total of four different included angles were used in the work performed in *** authors found that the degree of anisotropic strength differed according to the included ***,the transition from extensional to shear failure at the given confinements was not clearly *** this study,a total of 20 specimens were additionally prepared from the same coal sample used in the previous study and then tested under both unconfined and triaxial compressive *** the authors already knew the most contrasting cases of the included angles from the previous work using the four included angles,they chose only two of the included angles(0°and 30°)for this *** the triaxial compressive tests,a greater confining stress than the mean UCS was applied to the specimens in an attempt to identify the brittle-ductile transition of the *** new results have been compiled with the previous results in order to re-evaluate the confinement-dependency of the coal ***,the different confining stresses are used as analogs for different width-to-height(W/H)conditions of pillar *** the W/H ratios of the specimens were not directly considered during testing,the equivalent W/H ratios of a pillar as a function of

关键词： Utah coal Spalling limit AUCS/UCS ratio Damage characteristic Post-yield dilatancy Anisotropic

Cooling rate effects on the structure and transformation behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第11期21卷 1109-1114页

作者： Nicoleta-Monica Lohan Marius-gabriel Suru Bogdan Pricop Leandru-Gheorghe Bujoreanu Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering The "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical UniversityIasi Bd. D. Mangeron 61A 700050 Iasi Romania

Different fragments of a hot-rolled and homogenized Cu–Zn–Al shape memory alloy（SMA） were subjected to thermal cycling by means of a differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） device. During thermal cycling, heating was performed at the same constant rate of increasing temperature while cooling was carried out at different rates of decreasing temperature. For each cooling rate, the temperature decreased in the same thermal interval. During each cooling stage, an exothermic peak（maximum） was observed on the DSC thermogram. This peak was associated with forward martensitic transformation. The DSC thermograms were analyzed with PROTEUS software： the critical martensitic transformation start（Ms） and finish（Mf） temperatures were determined by means of integral and tangent methods, and the dissipated heat was evaluated by the area between the corresponding maximum plot and a sigmoid baseline. The effects of the increase in cooling rate, assessed from a calorimetric viewpoint, consisted in the augmentation of the exothermic peak and the delay of direct martensitic transformation. The latter had the tendency to move to lower critical transformation temperatures. The martensite plates changed in morphology by becoming more oriented and by an augmenting in surface relief, which corresponded with the increase in cooling rate as observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.

关键词： copper alloys shape memory effect microstructure phase transformations martensite cooling rate differential scanning calo-rimetry

Voriconazole and the liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第14期7卷 1828-1833页

作者： Romeo-gabriel Mihil Faculty of Medicine Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu

Voriconazole is an azole useful for the prophylaxis and the treatment of aspergillosis and other fungal infections in immunosuppressed subjects, as those found in aplasia after aggressive polychemotherapy treatments, after hematopoietic stem cell, liver or lung transplantation. Its administration in therapeutic doses lead to extremely varied serum levels from patient to patient and even to the same patient. The explanations are varied: nonlinearpharmacokinetics, certain patient-related factors, including genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 2C19 gene, the kidney and liver function, simultaneous administration with other drugs metabolised by the same cytochrome. It is recommended to maintain the serum concentrations of voriconazole between 1.5 and 4 μg/m L. At lower values its efficacy decreases and at higher values the risk of neurological toxicity increases. Even at these concentrations it is not excluded the possible appearance of a variety of toxic effects, including on the liver, manifested by cholestasis, hepatocytolisis, or their combination. It is recommended to monitor the clinical and laboratory evolution of all patients treated with voriconazole, and of the serum levels of the drug of those who belong to risk groups, even if there is still no consensus on this issue, given the lack of correlation between the serum level and the occurrence of adverse effects in many patients.

关键词： CYP2C19 Pharmacokinetics Liver toxicity Therapeutic drug monitoring Voriconazole

Silicon Photoelectrodes Prepared by Low-Cost Wet Methods for Solar Photoelectrocatalysis

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第2期4卷 133-142页

作者： Bruno Fabre gabriel Loget CNRS ISCR(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226Univ RennesRennes F-35000France

The electrochemical conversion of sunlight by photoelectrochemical cells(PECs)is based on semiconductor electrodes that are interfaced with a liquid *** approach is highly promising,first,because it can be employed for the generation of a chemical fuel(e.g.,H2)to store solar energy that can be used on-demand to generate electricity when the sun is not ***,it can be seen as a concept reminiscent of photosynthesis,where CO_(2) is converted into a valuable feedstock by solar ***,photoelectrochemical cells are sometimes referred to as“artificial leaves”.Silicon,being the main semiconductor in the electronics and photovoltaic sector,is a prime candidate to be used as the light absorber and the substrate for building photoelectrochemical ***,Si alone has“poor-to-no photoelectrochemical performance”.This is caused by its weak electrocatalytic activity for cathodic reactions(namely,the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),the CO_(2) reduction reaction(CDRR),and the N2 reduction reaction)and by its deactivation in the anodic regime,prohibiting its use for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).This latter reaction is essential for supplying electrons to generate a solar *** to these problems,layers that both protect and are catalytically active are typically employed on Si photoelectrodes but require rather sophisticated manufacturing processes(e.g.,atomic layer or electron beam deposition),which hinders research and innovation in this ***,our group and others have demonstrated that these layers are not always required and that highly active and stable Si-based photoelectrodes can be manufactured using simple wet processes,such as drop casting,electroless deposition,or aqueous *** this Account,we first introduce the topic and the possible structures that can be easily obtained starting from commercial Si ***,we discuss strategies that have been employed to manufacture photocathodes based on p-ty

关键词： field starting absorber

Coherent video generation for multiple hand-held cameras with dynamic foreground

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Computational Visual Media 2020年第3期6卷 291-306页

作者： Fang-Lue Zhang Connelly Barnes Hao-Tian Zhang Junhong Zhao gabriel Salas Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012New Zealand Adobe Research SeattleUSA Stanford University San FranciscoUSA

For many social events such as public performances, multiple hand-held cameras may capture the same event. This footage is often collected by amateur cinematographers who typically have little control over the scene and may not pay close attention to the camera. For these reasons, each individually captured video may fail to cover the whole time of the event, or may lose track of interesting foreground content such as a performer. We introduce a new algorithm that can synthesize a single smooth video sequence of moving foreground objects captured by multiple hand-held cameras. This allows later viewers to gain a cohesive narrative experience that can transition between different cameras, even though the input footage may be less than ideal. We first introduce a graph-based method for selecting a good transition route. This allows us to automatically select good cut points for the hand-held videos, so that smooth transitions can be created between the resulting video shots. We also propose a method to synthesize a smooth photorealistic transition video between each pair of hand-held cameras, which preserves dynamic foreground content during this transition. Our experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods, which struggle to preserve dynamic foreground content.

关键词： dynamic preserve camera

Bleeder entry evaluation using condition mapping and numerical modeling

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 137-143页

作者： Ted M.Klemetti Mark A.Van Dyke gabriel S.Esterhuizen National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA

One of the most common critical areas of longwall mining in terms of ground stability are the gateroad and bleeder *** critical entries provide much-needed safe access for miners and allow for adequate ventilation required for dilution of hazardous airborne contaminants and must remain open during mining of a multi-panel *** paper is focused on the stability of the longwall entries subjected to a single abutment load such as bleeders,first tailgate,and last *** tailgate and last headgate are also referred to as blind headgate and tailgate.A study of a longwall district through conditions mapping,support evaluations,and numerical modeling was conducted and evaluated by researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).The condition mapping and support evaluations were performed on entries that spanned the previous five years of mining and relied on a diverse selection of supports to maintain the functionality of the *** modeling was also conducted to evaluate various support types with further investigation and comparison to the condition *** study demonstrated the importance of the abutment load decay versus distance from the gob edge,the potential for a reduction in material handling related injuries,as well as optimal usage of secondary and standing support.

关键词： Stability assessment Bleeder entry Abutment loading Condition mapping Longwall Ground control