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Overview of current detection methods and microRNA potential in Clostridioides difficile infection screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3385-3399页

作者： Marco Bocchetti Maria Grazia Ferraro federica Melisi Piera Grisolia Marianna Scrima Alessia Maria Cossu Tung On Yau Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Department of Molecular Oncology Precision Medicine Laboratory and COVID19 LaboratoryBiogem ScarlAriano Irpino 83031Italy School of Infection and Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”Naples 80131Italy School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUnited Kingdom Department of Rural Land Use Scotland’s Rural CollegeAberdeen AB219YAScotlandUnited Kingdom Department of Health Science University of the PeoplePasadenaCA 9110112United States

Clostridioides difficile(formerly called Clostridium difficile,***)infection(CDI)is listed as an urgent threat on the 2019 antibiotic resistance threats report in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and *** detection and appropriate disease management appear to be ***,although the majority of cases are hospital-acquired CDI,community-acquired CDI cases are also on the rise,and this vulnerability is not limited to immunocompromised *** treatments and/or gastrointestinal tract surgeries may be required for patients diagnosed with digestive *** treatments could suppress or interfere with the patient’s immune system and disrupt gut flora homeostasis,creating a suitable microecosystem for *** ***,stool-based non-invasive screening is the first-line approach to CDI diagnosis,but the accuracy is varied due to different clinical microbiology detection methods;therefore,improving reliability is clearly *** this review,we briefly summarised the life cycle and toxicity of ***,and we examined existing diagnostic approaches with an emphasis on novel biomarkers such as *** biomarkers can be easily detected through noninvasive liquid biopsy and can yield crucial information about ongoing pathological phenomena,particularly in CDI.

关键词： Clostridioides difficile microRNA Diagnostic Prognostic Biomarker

Stochastic Maximum Principle for Optimal Advertising Models with Delay and Non-Convex Control Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第6期14卷 442-450页

作者： Giuseppina Guatteri federica Masiero Dipartimento di Matematica Politecnico di Milano via Bonardi Milano Italia Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Universit di Milano-Bicocca via Cozzi Milano Italia

In this paper we study optimal advertising problems that model the introduction of a new product into the market in the presence of carryover effects of the advertisement and with memory effects in the level of goodwill. In particular, we let the dynamics of the product goodwill to depend on the past, and also on past advertising efforts. We treat the problem by means of the stochastic Pontryagin maximum principle, that here is considered for a class of problems where in the state equation either the state or the control depend on the past. Moreover the control acts on the martingale term and the space of controls U can be chosen to be non-convex but now the space of controls U can be chosen to be non-convex. The maximum principle is thus formulated using a first-order adjoint Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs), which can be explicitly computed due to the specific characteristics of the model, and a second-order adjoint relation.

关键词： Stochastic Optimal Control Delay Equations Advertisement Models Stochastic Maximum Principle

Current approach in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第9期2卷 348-359页

作者： Luigi Rossi federica Zoratto Anselmo Papa Francesca Iodice Marina Minozzi Luigi Frati Silverio Tomao Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome "Sapienza" Department of Anaesthesiology Bambino Gesù Hospital

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant hepatobiliary disease; it is responsible for about 1 million deaths per year. Risk factors include hepatitis B and C, hepatic cirrhosis, including alcohol related hepatitis, metabolic and nutritional hepatic damage. The main modality of diffusion is intrahepatic in the natural course of the disease. There are two leading types of treatment: local and systemic. Surgical resection and liver transplantation constitute the most appropriate local treatments and are considered the only real possibility for recovery. Other local approaches include: radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol ablation, hepatic endoarterial chemoembolization and intrahepatic radiotherapy (SIRT: selective internal radiation therapy). These last treatments are used to control the disease when surgery or transplantation is not achievable; in some cases they are able to prolong survival while theyconstitute mainly a palliative treatment. Systemic treatments include: chemotherapy, immunological and hormonal therapies and, more recently, the introduction of new specific molecular target drugs. At the moment, in this group, the only drug that has given positive results during phase trials (SHARP study) is *** represents the only primary systemic therapy that has demonstrated, unlike the other treatments previously described, an increase in survival rate in patients affected with advanced HCC. Currently, other studies are taking place that are further developing the potential of this drug. These studies, including phase trials, aredirected in order to test the activity and safety of new emerging drugs with targeted activity. Examples of these new agents are: Sunitinib, Gef itinib, Cetuximab, Bevacizumab and Erlotinib.

关键词： Systemic treatments Hepatocarcinogenesis Targeted therapy Sorafenib Hepatocarcinoma Local treatments

Thyroid hormone analogues and derivatives:Actions in fatty liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第3期6卷 114-129页

作者： Maria Coppola Daniela Glinni Maria Moreno federica Cioffi Elena Silvestri Fernando Goglia Department of Science and Technologies University of Sannio

Fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a problem of increasing clinical significance and prevalence worldwide,is associated with increased risk for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** several therapeutic approaches can be used in the context of NAFLD,dietary and physical activities are still the most frequently used *** pharmacological agents show promising results although no conclusions can be drawn from recent clinical *** hormones[THs;thyroxine(T4)and3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine(T3)]coordinate a diverse array of physiological events during development and lipid/energy homeostasis and have some potentially therapeutic actions which include inducing weight loss,and lowering plasma cholesterol levels and tissue *** thyroid hormones exert their physiological effects by binding to specific nuclear receptors[thyroid hormone receptors(TR)]of which the TRβisoform is liver specific and has been considered a putative target for the treatment of dyslipidemia and fatty *** view of this,the aim of the review is(1)to provide an overview of the action of T3 on lipid metabolism with implications for liver steatosis and(2)to provide an update on the current knowledge concerning the administration of TRβselective thyromimetics(GC-1 and MB07811),as well as of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine and its novel functional analogue TRC150094 in animal models of overweight and related disorders including primarily fatty liver.

关键词： Fatty liver Thyroid hormones Thyromimetics 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine Lipid metabolism

Testosterone replacement therapy and vascular thromboembolic events: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 144-154页

作者： Rossella Cannarella Carmelo Gusmano Claudia Leanza Vincenzo Garofalo Andrea Crafa federica Barbagallo Rosita A Condorelli Sandro La Vignera Aldo E Calogero Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Glickman Urological&Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH44195USA

To evaluate the relationship between testosterone replacement therapy(TRT)and arterial and/or venous thrombosis in patients with pre-treatment total testosterone(TT)<12 nmol I^(-1),we performed a meta-analysis following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome ***:men with TT<12 nmol I^(-1) or clear mention of hypogonadism in the inclusion criteria of patients;intervention:TRT;comparison:placebo or no therapy;outcomes:arterial thrombotic events(stroke,myocardial infarction[MI],upper limbs,and lower limbs),VTE(deep vein thrombosis[DVT],portal vein thrombosis,splenic thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism),and mortality.A total of 2423 abstracts were assessed for ***-four studies,including 14 randomized controlled trials(RCTs),were finally included,with a total of 4027 and 310288 hypotestosteronemic male patients,from RCTs and from observational studies,*** on RCT-derived data,TRT did not influence the risk of arterial thrombosis(odds ratio[OR]=1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.47-3.43,P=0.64),stroke(OR=1.34,95%CI:0.09-18.97,P=0.83),MI(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.11-2.31,P=0.39),VTE(OR=1.42,95%CI:0.22-9.03,P=0.71),pulmonary embolism(OR=1.38,95%CI:0.27-7.04,P=0.70),and mortality(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.20-2.38,P=0.56).Meanwhile,when only observational studies are considered,a significant reduction in the risk of developing arterial thrombotic events,Ml,venous thromboembolism,and mortality was *** risk for DVT remains uncertain,due to the paucity of RCT-based *** in men with TT<12 nmol I^(-1) is safe from the risk of adverse cardiovascular *** studies specifically assessing the risk of DVT in men on TRT are needed.

关键词： hypogonadism testosterone testosterone replacement therapy thromboembolism thrombosis TRT

Functional proteomics of adenosine triphosphatase system in the rat striatum during aging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第1期7卷 6-12页

作者： Roberto Federico Villa federica Ferrari Antonella Gorini Department of Forensic Medicine and Pharmacological-Toxicological Sciences Division of Pharmacological and Toxicological Sciences Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine of Central Nervous System University of Pavia

The maximum rates of adenosine triphosphatase （ATPase） systems related to energy consumption were systematically evaluated in synaptic plasma membranes isolated from the striata of male Wistar rats aged 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, because of their key role in presynaptic nerve ending homeostasis. The following enzyme activities were evaluated： sodium-potassium-magnesium adenosine triphosphatase （Na^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋-ATPase）; ouabain-insensitive magnesium adenosine triphosphatase （Mg^2＋-ATPase）; sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase （Na^＋, K^＋-ATPase）; direct magnesium adenosine triphosphatase （Mg^2＋-ATPase）; calcium-magnesium adenosine triphosphatase （Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋-ATPase）; and acetylcholinesterase. The results showed that Na~, K＋-ATPase decreased at 18 and 24 months, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase decreased from 6 months, while Mg^2＋-ATPase was unmodified. Therefore, ATPases vary independently during aging, suggesting that the ATPase enzyme systems are of neuropathological and pharmacological importance. This could be considered as an experimental model to study regeneration processes, because of the age-dependent modifications of specific synaptic plasma membranes. ATPases cause selective changes in some cerebral functions, especially bioenergetic systems. This could be of physiopathological significance, particularly in many central nervous system diseases, where, during regenerative processes, energy availability is essential.

关键词： ATPase synaptic plasma membranes aging striatum functional proteomics

Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第12期4卷 1-33页

作者： Rossana Berardi Mariangela Torniai Edoardo Lenci federica Pecci Francesca Morgese Silvia Rinaldi Clinica Oncologica UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi-G SalesiAncona 60126Italy

Electrolyte disorders are very common complications in cancer patients. They might be associated to a worsening outcome, influencing quality of life, possibility to receive anticancer drugs, and conditioning survival. In fact, they might provoke important morbidity, with dysfunction of multiple organs and rarely causing life-threatening conditions. Moreover, recent studies showed that they might worsen cancer patients' outcome, while a prompt correction seems to have a positive impact. Furthermore, there is evidence of a correlation between electrolyte alterations and poorer performance status, delays in therapy commencement and continuation, and negative treatment outcomes. These alterations usually involve sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium serum levels. Several causes might contribute to electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: cancer effects, such as paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis and tumor lysis syndrome;anti-cancer therapies;and other concomitant clinical conditions or treatments. However, the origin of the electrolyte disorder is often multifactorial, thus identifying and correcting the causes is not always feasible. Furthermore, they are often not recognized or not considered in clinical practice, worsening these alterations and patient condition. An improvement of knowledge about the physiological mechanisms underlying electrolyte disorders is necessary to strengthen their identification and set up a prompt, adequate, and effective treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms of electrolyte abnormalities in cancer patients to facilitate their identification, management, and therapy to improve patient outcome.

关键词： Cancer electrolyte disorders hyponatremia syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis hyperkalemia hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia

First evidence of heteroplasmy in Grey Partridge(Perdix perdix)

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 363-365页

作者： Claudia Pizzirani Paolo Viola federica Gabbianelli Anna Fagotti Francesca Simoncelli Ines Di Rosa Paolo Salvi Andrea Amici Livia Lucentini Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnologies(DCBB)University of Perugia06100 PerugiaItaly Department of Agriculture and Forest Science(DAFNE) University of Tuscia01100 ViterboItaly Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest Systems(DIBAF) University of Tuscia01100 ViterboItaly Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini 62039 VissoMCItaly

We report for the first time the occurrence of heteroplasmy in Grey Partridge(Perdix perdix)revealed by means of two mitochondrial *** possible serious biological and management implications of this exception to unila... 详细信息

关键词： Galliformes Grey Partridge Heteroplasmy Hybridization Perdix perdix

A mutation in the ZNF687 gene that is responsible for the severe form of Paget's disease of bone causes severely altered bone remodeling and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma onset in a knock-in mouse model

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Bone Research 2023年第1期11卷 201-214页

作者： Sharon Russo federica Scotto di Carlo Antonio Maurizi Giorgio Fortunato Anna Teti Danilo Licastro Carmine Settembre Tommaso Mello Fernando Gianfrancesco Institute of Genetics and Biophysics“Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” National Research Council of ItalyNaplesItaly Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies(DiSTABiF)University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliCasertaItaly Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly AREA Science Park PadricianoTriesteItaly Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine(TIGEM) PozzuoliItaly Gastroenterology Unit Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences“Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly IRCCS INM Neuromed PozzilliISItaly

Paget’s disease(PDB)is a late-onset bone remodeling disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms and *** of the most aggressive forms is caused by the P937R mutation in the ZNF687 *** the genetic involvement of ZNF687 in PDB has been extensively studied,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain ***,we describe the first Zfp687 knock-in mouse model and demonstrate that the mutation recapitulates the PDB phenotype,resulting in severely altered bone *** microcomputed tomography analysis,we observed that 8-month-old mutant mice showed a mainly osteolytic phase,with a significant decrease in the trabecular bone volume affecting the femurs and the ***,osteoblast activity was deregulated,producing disorganized ***,this phenotype became pervasive in 16-month-old mice,where osteoblast function overtook bone resorption,as highlighted by the presence of woven bone in histological analyses,consistent with the PDB ***,we detected osteophytes and intervertebral disc degeneration,outlining for the first time the link between osteoarthritis and PDB in a PDB mouse *** sequencing of wild-type and Zfp687 knockout RAW264.7 cells identified a set of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis potentially regulated by Zfp687,e.g.,Tspan7,Cpe,Vegfc,and Ggt1,confirming its role in this ***,in this mouse model,the mutation was also associated with a high penetrance of hepatocellular ***,this study established an essential role of Zfp687 in the regulation of bone remodeling,offering the potential to therapeutically treat PDB,and underlines the oncogenic potential of ZNF687.

关键词： RAW264.7 Paget remodeling