Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review

作     者：Rossana Berardi Mariangela Torniai Edoardo Lenci Federica Pecci Francesca Morgese Silvia Rinaldi 

作者机构：Clinica OncologicaUniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi-G SalesiAncona 60126Italy 

出 版 物：《Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment》 (癌症转移与治疗（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第4卷第12期

页      面：1-33页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Cancer electrolyte disorders hyponatremia syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis hyperkalemia hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia 

摘      要：Electrolyte disorders are very common complications in cancer patients. They might be associated to a worsening outcome, influencing quality of life, possibility to receive anticancer drugs, and conditioning survival. In fact, they might provoke important morbidity, with dysfunction of multiple organs and rarely causing life-threatening conditions. Moreover, recent studies showed that they might worsen cancer patients outcome, while a prompt correction seems to have a positive impact. Furthermore, there is evidence of a correlation between electrolyte alterations and poorer performance status, delays in therapy commencement and continuation, and negative treatment outcomes. These alterations usually involve sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium serum levels. Several causes might contribute to electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: cancer effects, such as paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis and tumor lysis syndrome;anti-cancer therapies;and other concomitant clinical conditions or treatments. However, the origin of the electrolyte disorder is often multifactorial, thus identifying and correcting the causes is not always feasible. Furthermore, they are often not recognized or not considered in clinical practice, worsening these alterations and patient condition. An improvement of knowledge about the physiological mechanisms underlying electrolyte disorders is necessary to strengthen their identification and set up a prompt, adequate, and effective treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms of electrolyte abnormalities in cancer patients to facilitate their identification, management, and therapy to improve patient outcome.