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紫外交联免疫沉淀技术原理及其应用

生物化学与生物物理进展 2024年第1期51卷 136-144页

作者：杜亚琼王琬瑶高帆徐旸时文涛天津医科大学基础医学院遗传学系天津300070 南开大学医学院天津300071

紫外交联免疫沉淀(UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation,CLIP)技术最初建立于2003年。通过紫外交联、免疫沉淀、逆转录及后续的高通量测序等步骤,可在全转录组范围鉴定特定RNA结合蛋白(RNA-binding proteins,RBP)的靶标RNA序列和结合... 详细信息

紫外交联免疫沉淀(UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation,CLIP)技术最初建立于2003年。通过紫外交联、免疫沉淀、逆转录及后续的高通量测序等步骤,可在全转录组范围鉴定特定RNA结合蛋白(RNA-binding proteins,RBP)的靶标RNA序列和结合位点。在近20年的应用过程中,该技术被不断改进和完善,可操作性、实验结果的准确性都有所提升,技术的应用范围也有所拓展。本文对CLIP技术的基本原理、实验方法、实际应用进行介绍,着重比较几种主流CLIP技术的异同,并对如何选择具体的技术路线提出建议。

关键词：紫外交联免疫沉淀高通量测序 RNA结合蛋白

基于深度学习、小波变换和可见光谱的茶树冻害程度评估

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光谱学与光谱分析 2024年第1期44卷 234-240页

作者：李赫王玉范凯毛艺霖丁仕波宋大鹏王梦琪丁兆堂山东省农业科学院茶叶研究所山东济南250108 青岛农业大学茶叶研究所山东青岛266109 日照市农业科学研究院茶叶研究所山东日照276827

茶树冻害鉴定是评价茶树抗逆性、指导茶园越冬管理的基础。茶树冻害鉴定的传统方法主要通过人工观察茶树叶片的冻害数量和冻害程度,存在准确率低,效率低,主观性强等缺点。提出一种基于深度学习、小波变换和可见光谱的茶树冻害程度评估... 详细信息

茶树冻害鉴定是评价茶树抗逆性、指导茶园越冬管理的基础。茶树冻害鉴定的传统方法主要通过人工观察茶树叶片的冻害数量和冻害程度,存在准确率低,效率低,主观性强等缺点。提出一种基于深度学习、小波变换和可见光谱的茶树冻害程度评估框架。首先,采集了1 000张茶树受冻后的树冠图像,并且按照4∶1分为训练集和测试集,并对训练集图像的冻害叶片进行标注。其次,采用Faster R-CNN网络对茶树的冻害叶片进行识别提取,并且分别选择了AlexNet、 VGG19和ResNet50三种特征提取器,选择鲁棒性最高的特征提取器作为主干网络。然后,将提取到的茶树冻害叶片图像进行小波变换增强处理,从而得到了一张低频率和三张高频率的图像。将小波变换处理后的图像和未经小波变换处理的图像分别输入到VGG16、 SVM、 AlexNet、 ResNet50等网络对冻害叶片进行分级,比较四种网络的分类性能。根据冻害叶片的数量、冻害叶片的程度,不同冻害程度叶片的权重系数,对茶树受冻程度打分,从而对茶树整体的冻害程度进行评估。结果表明:(1)基于ResNet50的Faster R-CNN模型提取茶树冻害叶片的性能最好,其查准率为93.33%,查全率为92.57%,高于VGG19和AlexNet作为主干网络的识别性能,可以确保大多数的冻害叶片都能被提取出来,并为叶片的冻害程度进一步分级提供基础。(2)VGG16模型分类不同冻害程度的叶片的整体准确率为89%,高于其他模型(SVM、 AlexNet、 ResNet50)的整体分类准确率,表明VGG16模型具有较高的鲁棒性。(3)小波变换处理后的冻害叶片图像与未经小波变换处理后的冻害叶片相比较,能提升模型的整体分类准确率2%~6%。说明小波变换增强技术可以提高网络的准确率。因此,本实验框架可以准确和高效地将茶树冻害叶片进行分级,对于茶园冻害程度的评估具有重要价值,为北方茶园的越冬防护提供技术支撑。

关键词：茶树冻害叶片 Faster R-CNN VGG16 小波变换

The Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Hair Loss in Young Women

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Xiaojin shi Yucheng Yang Haibing Yang Juwei Zhang Shuran Zhang Xiaona Na Dongying fan Yulin Zhang menglu Xi Yuefeng Tan Celi Yang Junhan Zhang Hsiaohan Tuan Ai Zhao Vanke School of Public Health， Tsinghua University School of Health in Social Science， The University of Edinburgh Department of Dermatology School of Clinical Medicine， Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital， Tsinghua University Institute for Healthy China， Tsinghua University

The association between sugar-sweetened beverages （SSBs） intake and hair loss condition might give scientific support for better dietary practices to prevent hair loss. We aimed to explore the association of SSBs intake with the hair loss condition in women. This online cross-sectional study， conducted from January to April 2022， recruited 1169 women aged 18 - 45 years from 31 provinces on mainland of China. We used the updated version of the 15-item Beverage Intake Questionnaire （BEVQ-15） to evaluate the usual beverage consumption over the past month and the Hair-Shedding Visual Scale for Asian Women （HSVS-A） to evaluate the extent of hair shedding. We utilized binary logistic regression to assess the association between SSBs intake and hair loss. Among 1169 female participants with an average age of 27.2， there were 211 （18.0%） participants with hair loss. Compared with participants who never drank SSBs， those who drank more than 7 times/week or 1000 mL/weeks were more likely to have hair loss， with an adjusted odds ratio （OR） of 2.25 （95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32，3.83） or 2.22 （95% CI = 1.28，3.85）. Furthermore， the mediation effect of anxiety status on the association between SSBs and female hair loss was observed， with a significant indirect effect (βindirect =0.0199， 95% CI = 0.0032，0.0418). In conclusion， our study showed that women who consumed higher amounts of SSBs had an increased risk of hair loss， which might attract more attention from young women and benefit from reducing SSBs consumption. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are still needed to confirm the current association and provide evidenced-based health education.

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金融发展能够改善教育代际流动性吗?——基于微观家户数据的分析

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东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第4期26卷 47-61,151页

作者：陈怡谢宇婷范瑞雪樊士德南京审计大学经济学院江苏南京211815

研究金融发展对教育代际流动性的影响,并将教育代际流动性分解为教育代际结构流动性和教育代际交换流动性,构建金融发展对两者影响的理论框架,分析其作用机制,提出金融发展影响教育代际流动性的相关假说,并进行实证检验。实证检验与理... 详细信息

研究金融发展对教育代际流动性的影响,并将教育代际流动性分解为教育代际结构流动性和教育代际交换流动性,构建金融发展对两者影响的理论框架,分析其作用机制,提出金融发展影响教育代际流动性的相关假说,并进行实证检验。实证检验与理论假说基本一致:首先,金融发展对教育代际结构流动性存在显著的促进作用,但对教育代际交换流动性的影响并不显著。因此,金融发展对教育代际流动性的正向影响主要来自其对教育代际结构流动性的正向促进作用。其次,金融发展对教育代际结构流动性的影响存在区域异质性,相较于中西部地区,金融发展对金融发展水平较高、信贷市场较为成熟的东部地区的教育代际结构流动性有更强的促进作用。最后,金融发展主要通过影响子代的人力资本水平这一作用机制对教育代际结构流动性产生影响。基于以上结论,提出相应政策建议。

关键词：金融发展信贷约束教育代际结构流动性教育代际交换流动性

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Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in North Sichuan Region, China, 2018-2023: A Descriptive Study

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第6期14卷 317-332页

作者： Zhe Xu Zheng Zhao Linming fan Manyu Liang Jinglu Chen Jia Zeng Ping shi Xi’en Gu Zhengdong Li Department of Pediatrics Guangyuan Central Hospital Guangyuan China Department of Clinical Laboratory Guangyuan Central Hospital Guangyuan China Department of Dermatology Guangyuan Central Hospital Guangyuan China Precision Medical Centre Guangyuan Central Hospital North Sichuan Regional Medical Centre Guangyuan China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Guangyuan Central Hospital Guangyuan China

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an important public health problem in China. Many studies on the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD have been reported, but studies in North Sichuan region have been neglected. Methods: HFMD-related enterovirus infected cases were clinically confirmed and underwent real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) from May 2018 to October 2023 in Guangyuan Central Hospital. Results: During 2018-2023, other EV (437 cases, 81.08%) was the most predominant serotype followed by CV-A16 (94 cases, 17.44%), EV-A71 (8 cases, 1.48%) was the least predominant serotype. Peak infections occurred in July and October. There were no significant differences in gender, age and serotypes. HFMD was concentrated in children under 47 months of age, with the highest incidence in children aged 12 - 23 months and the highest proportion of other EV infections in the whole age group. COVID-19 did not cause significant changes in gender, age and serotype. Overall, there was a significant increase in the proportion of children aged 12 - 23 months infected with CV-A16, and an increase in the proportion of children aged over 36 months infected with other EVs. Conclusions: The incidence of HFMD caused by EV-A71 has decreased significantly, and other EVs have become the main pathogens of HFMD in North Sichuan region in recent years. In the prevention and control of CV-A16, more attention should be paid to children aged 12 - 23 months and the dominant serotype should be closely monitored. Our study highlights the importance of developing of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines for the prevention and control of enterovirus infection. This study for the first time provides insights into district interventions to local conditions.

关键词： Enterovirus HFMD Epidemiology Clinical Characteristics

缺血性中风后中枢神经系统与免疫系统的交互作用机制及其中药干预研究进展

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中国中药杂志 2024年第5期49卷 1154-1163页

作者：王欢欢孟凡征唐仕欢吴宏伟杨洪军天津中医药大学中西医结合医院天津300100 中国中医科学院中药研究所北京100700

缺血性中风分为急性期、亚急性期、恢复期,不同的阶段具有不同病理生理特征,其中免疫与炎症反应在缺血后的数天和数周内持续存在。缺血性中风不仅在受损大脑区域引发局部炎症,还会诱导免疫系统紊乱,进而促进神经炎症,加剧脑损伤。因此,... 详细信息

缺血性中风分为急性期、亚急性期、恢复期,不同的阶段具有不同病理生理特征,其中免疫与炎症反应在缺血后的数天和数周内持续存在。缺血性中风不仅在受损大脑区域引发局部炎症,还会诱导免疫系统紊乱,进而促进神经炎症,加剧脑损伤。因此,对缺血性中风后中枢神经系统与免疫系统相互影响进行深入分析,对其相互作用的主要因素进行干预,阻断病理级联反应、减轻脑部炎症,成为缺血性中风的治疗策略之一。该文对中枢神经系统与免疫系统的交互作用途径进行总结梳理,从自主神经系统、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,HPA)、局部炎症解析中枢神经系统对免疫系统的影响,从免疫细胞的动态变化解析免疫系统对中枢神经系统的影响。同时,总结中医药防治的相关进展,为中药防治缺血性中风的复杂作用机制解析提供新思路。

关键词：缺血性中风免疫与炎症中枢神经系统免疫系统

Identification of a dual functional betulinic acid analog for the treatment of osteoarthritis by phenotypic screening

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Ze-Min Lin Mai Xiang Wen-Hui Wei Shu-Hui fan Li Chen Jie Wang Xiao-Qian Yang Chun-Hao Yang shi-Jun He Jian-Ping Zuo Laboratory of Immunopharmacology State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Department of Medicinal Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Experiment Center for Science and Technology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Dear Editor,Phenotypic drug discovery, which observes compound effects on physiology,has given way to targeting specific molecules, but has revived by using modern methods to find drugs based on therapeutic outcomes i...

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基于改进流变元件模型的层状深厚覆盖层流变对面板坝结构性能影响的数值分析

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工程科学与技术 2024年第4期56卷 216-228页

作者：王璠毛海涛王晓菊侍克斌山西农业大学城乡建设学院山西太原030000 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830052

在深厚覆盖层上建造面板堆石坝,除考虑水-土流固耦合外,还应考虑坝基流变的影响。为了更好地模拟坝基流变对大坝及渗控体系的真实受力,基于深厚覆盖层所呈现出的层状特性,首先改进新的流变元件模型H-KS以适应层状覆盖层,然后借助Comsol... 详细信息

在深厚覆盖层上建造面板堆石坝,除考虑水-土流固耦合外,还应考虑坝基流变的影响。为了更好地模拟坝基流变对大坝及渗控体系的真实受力,基于深厚覆盖层所呈现出的层状特性,首先改进新的流变元件模型H-KS以适应层状覆盖层,然后借助Comsol建立流变与流固耦合模型,最后按时间顺序计算了河口村面板坝各阶段的力学指标,分析了坝基流变对大坝及防渗体系的影响。结果表明:对于各向异性明显的层状坝基,采用H-KS流变模型能较好反映大坝各阶段的应力、变形和渗流实际情况,误差均在5%以内;计算结果相比不考虑流变的DuncanE-B模型,应力和变形均增大11.8%以上,部分增量对大坝结构的安全稳定造成影响;填筑期的沉降和应力总量占比达70%以上,但单位时间增量却较小,如沉降增量仅为0.015m/月;蓄水期的岩土体流变及流固耦合作用对大坝各部位强度和刚度影响最大,应力及沉降增长率分别为0.02MPa/月、0.038m/月;运行期的各指标增长率逐渐趋缓,最终趋于稳定,但变形和应力增量可能会导致主要结构失稳或破坏。混凝土面板-趾板-连接板-防渗墙是完整、有效的渗流控制体系,坝基流变导致防渗墙上部水平位移增大,整体强度降低;趾板和面板在中部有受弯破坏的趋势。层状岩土体流变具有时效性,该层状坝基的流变在蓄水后2~3a间基本完成,相应指标也趋于稳定。研究结果对层状覆盖层上的面板坝安全稳定体系的建立提供了理论支持。

关键词：深厚覆盖层坝基流变流变模型防渗系统

Exploring the usefulness of light field super-resolution for object detection

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2021年第5期28卷 68-81页

作者： Zhang Wenzhe shi fan Zhao meng Chen Shengyong Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System of Ministry of Education Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China The Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300457China

In order to solve the impact of image degradation on object detection, an object detection method based on light field super-resolution(LFSR) is proposed. This method takes LFSR as an image enhancement step to provide high-quality images for object detection without using expensive imaging equipment. To evaluate this method, three types of objects: person, bicycle, and car, are chosen and the results are compared from 5 parts: detected object quantity, mean confidence score, detection results in different scenes, error detection, and detection results from different images sizes and detection speed. Experimental results based on the common object in context(COCO) dataset show that the method incorporated LFSR improves performance of object detection models.

关键词： light-field(LF) super-resolution(SR) object detection RetinaNet YOLOv3 TinyYOLOv3