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Experimental and numerical settlement analysis of railway track over geogrid reinforced ballast

Railway Sciences 2024年第3期3卷 311-331页

作者： Mohammed Y.fattah Mahmood R.Mahmood Mohammed f.Aswad Department of Civil Engineering UOTBaghdadIraq

Purpose-The main objective of the present research is to investigate the benefits of using geogrid reinforcement in minimizing the rate of deterioration of ballasted rail track geometry resting on soft clay and to explore the effect of load amplitude,load frequency,presence of geogrid layer in ballast layer and ballast layer thickness on the behavior of track *** variables are studied both experimentally and *** paper examines the effect of geogrid reinforced ballast laying on a layer of clayey soil as a subgrade layer,where a half full scale railway tests are conducted as well as a theoretical analysis is ***/methodologylapproach-The experimental tests work consists of laboratory model tests to investigate the reduction in the compressibility and stress distribution induced in soft clay under a ballast railway reinforced by geogrid reinforcement subjected to dynamic *** model based on an approximate half scale for general rail track engineering practice is adopted in this study which is used in Iraqi *** investigated parameters are load amplitude,load frequency and presence of geogrid reinforcement layer.A half fuli-scale railway was constructed for carrying out the tests,which consists of two rails 800 mm in iength with three w00den sleepers(900 mm×90 mm×90 mm).The ballast was overlying 500 mm thick clay *** tests were carried out with and without geogrid reinforcement,the tests were carried out in a well tied steel box of 1.5 m length X 1 m width X 1 m height.A series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the response of the ballast and the clay layers where the ballast was reinforced by a *** in ballast and clay,was measured in reinforced and unreinforced ballast *** addition to the laboratory tests,the application of numerical analysis was made by using the finite element program PLAXIS 3D ***-It was concluded that the settlement increased with increasing t

关键词： Track ettlement Ballast finiteelements

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Multi-Model Approach for Assessing the Influence of Calibration Criteria on the Water Balance in Ouémé Basin

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第3期16卷 207-218页

作者： Aymar Yaovi Bossa Mahutin Aristide Oluwatobi Kpossou Jean Hounkpè félicien Djigbo Badou National Institute of Water University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Ecole d’Horticulture et d’Aménagement Des Espaces Verts Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin

Hydrological models are very useful tools for evaluating water resources, and the hydroclimatic hazards associated with the water cycle. However, their calibration and validation require the use of performance criteria which choice is not straightforward. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of the performance criteria on water balance components and water extremes using two global rainfall-runoff models (HBV and GR4J) over the Ouémé watershed at the Bonou and Savè outlets. Three (3) Efficacy criteria (Nash, coefficient of determination, and KGE) were considered for calibration and validation. The results show that the Nash criterion provides a good assessment of the simulation of the different parts of the hydrograph. KGE is better for simulating peak flows and water balance elements than other efficiency criteria. This study could serve as a basis for the choice of performance criteria in hydrological modelling.

关键词： Hydrological Modelling Performance Criteria Water Balance Ouémé Basin

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Bio-fertilizer Improved Oil Palm Seedling Growth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel Ddamulira f. Masika A. Asiimwe L. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticulture & Oil Palm Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most farming systems newly introduced commercial fertilizers to be accepted, adopted and used by farmers, their effectiveness and appropriate application rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to validate the effect and rates of a bio-fertilizer (super agric) on oil palm seedling growth. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three application rates of 0, 4 and 8 ml/L of water (treatments) replicated thrice. following the application of super agric to oil palm seedlings for a period of six months, observations drawn from the analysis of growth data were as follows: Three months after treatment, super agric significantly (P f oil palm seedling compared to those which were not applied with super agric. The results also showed that when super agric was applied at a rate of 4 ml/L, the leaf length and breadth were higher compared to the control were super agric was not used. furthermore, applications of super agric improved oil palm seedling nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control which explained the height and breadth increase in the oil palm seedlings that were applied with super agric. On the other hand, the effect of super agric application on phosphorus uptake by seedlings was not significant. Although the height, breadth, leaf width and length were all significantly affected by super agric application, the number of oil palm leaves and spears were not affected for the period the experiment was conducted. Six months after application of super agric the growth of oil palm seedlings was favorably impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil palm seedling growers.

关键词： Bio-fertilizer Seedling Growth Application Rates Super Agric

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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.f.Shen A.Pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an fWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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全球蜂群数量和蜂蜜产量呈上升趋势

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中国蜂业 2024年第4期75卷 52-53,57页

作者：罗照明(编译) 孟丽峰(编译) Phiri Bernard J fèvre Damien Hidano Arata 中国蜂产品协会北京100050 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所北京100093 不详

蜜蜂在社会经济上具有重要意义,因为它们在农作物授粉中发挥着关键作用,并生产对社会和许多行业至关重要的各种蜂产品,它们对生态和社会的可持续发展具有重要贡献。具有社会经济价值的蜂产品包括蜂蜜、蜂蜡、蜂胶、花粉、蜂王浆等,被广... 详细信息

蜜蜂在社会经济上具有重要意义,因为它们在农作物授粉中发挥着关键作用,并生产对社会和许多行业至关重要的各种蜂产品,它们对生态和社会的可持续发展具有重要贡献。具有社会经济价值的蜂产品包括蜂蜜、蜂蜡、蜂胶、花粉、蜂王浆等,被广泛应用于食品、化妆品、药品,甚至用于工业中。因此,全球蜂群数量即将或持续下降可能会产生广泛的社会经济影响。Bernard ***等基于联合国粮农组织(fAO)60年来收集的数据,包括蜂群数量、蜂蜜产量、蜂蜡产量,分析并评估了全球60年蜂业变化。

关键词：蜂蜜产量社会经济价值蜂产品蜂群数量蜂业社会经济影响蜂王浆蜂蜡

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A Rare Case of Aortic Valve Endocarditis and Acute Meningitis Due to Haemophilus influenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： Zachary M. Visinoni Justin D. Tse Christopher f. Pease Department of Graduate Medical Education Internal Medicine Residency Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter Medical Group Roseville USA

HACEK organisms represent a rare but important group of causative pathogens in endocarditis. These bacteria have historically been associated with culture-negative endocarditis;however, modern laboratory techniques have made this less common. In this case, we present a 74-year-old man who presented with acute onset altered mentation, fever, and sepsis. He was ultimately found to have Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, cerebral empyema, aortic valve endocarditis, psoas myositis, and L2 - L3 diskitis with osteomyelitis. Although HACEK organisms are commonly found in the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract in humans, our patient did not report recent preceding dental or ENT procedures. H. influenzae is responsible for approximately 0.16% of all cases of bacterial endocarditis, representing a very limited subset. Although generally considered low virulent pathogens, this case demonstrates the unusual extent of infection from a HACEK organism, H. influenzae, causing aortic valve endocarditis as well as atypical non-cardiac sequelae, including acute meningitis.

关键词： HACEK Haemophilus influenzae Aortic Valve Endocarditis Bacterial Meningitis Cerebral Empyema

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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston Wilson John f.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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你的奖励由谁买单:信用卡市场的再分配

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新金融 2024年第1期 59-66页

作者： Sumit Agarwal Andrea Presbitero Andre f.Silva Carlo Wix 新加坡国立大学国际货币基金组织经济政策研究中心美国联邦储备委员会

将信用卡奖励作为一个理想的实验进行研究,以量化零售金融市场中消费者之间的再分配。通过对有奖励和无奖励的信用卡进行比较,可以发现:无论收入如何,成熟的消费者都能从有奖励的信用卡中获利,而有的消费者则要付出代价。为了探究其背... 详细信息

将信用卡奖励作为一个理想的实验进行研究,以量化零售金融市场中消费者之间的再分配。通过对有奖励和无奖励的信用卡进行比较,可以发现:无论收入如何,成熟的消费者都能从有奖励的信用卡中获利,而有的消费者则要付出代价。为了探究其背后的机制,本文利用银行在信用卡层面主动提高账户限额的方法进行研究。结果表明:奖励卡会诱发更多的消费,使消费者有更高的未付余额;消费者在偿还信用卡时还会遵循次优平衡匹配启发模式,从而产生更高的成本;银行通过提供比无奖励的同类信用卡更低的利率来激励消费者使用奖励卡;从教育程度较低的地区到较高的地区,从较贫穷的地区到较富裕的地区,信用卡奖励以重新分配的方式扩大了现有的差距。本刊编译此篇美联储的工作论文,以期就信用卡相关问题为读者带来启发。

关键词：消费金融信用卡金融复杂性用卡奖励

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RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis f.de Castro Jarred M.Whitlock Zachary Michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel Martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov Leonid V.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

fibrous dysplasia(fD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in fD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human fD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in fD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal fD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces fD lesion activity by decreasing fD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of fD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

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further investigation on the fusion of ^(6)Li with ^(209)Bi target at near-barrier energies

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 106-117页

作者：张高龙焦振威张广鑫 M.R.Cortes 胡世鹏钱建强 D.Mengoni 屈卫卫李聪博郑云张焕乔孙慧斌王楠张春雷 J.J.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov M.Mazzocco A.Gozzelino C.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou M.La Commara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.R.Napoli f.Galtarossa f.Recchia A.Illana S.Bakes I.Zanon S.Aydin G.de Angelis M.Siciliano R.Menegazzo S.M.Lenzi J.L.ferreira J.Rangel Serkan Akkoyun L.f.Canto J.Lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-french Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy&Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Research and Manufacture of High Purity Germanium Materials and fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China INfN Sezione di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartimento di fisica Astronomia dell'Universita di padova PadovaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China INfN Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroI-35020 LegnaroItaly INfN Sezione di NapoliI-80126 NapoliItaly Dipartimento di farmacia Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II"I-80131 NapoliItaly Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkiye Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont-ILUSA Departamento de Matemaética Física e Computaç˜ao Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Tecnologia27537-000ResendeRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCP 6852821941-972Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for ^(6)Li+^(209)Bi were measured using the in-beamγ-ray method around the Coulomb *** cross sections of(deuteron captured)incomplete fusion(ICf)products were re-quantified experimentally for this reaction *** results reveal that the ICf cross section is equivalent to that of complete fusion(Cf)above the Coulomb barrier and dominant near or below the Coulomb barrier.A theoretical calculation based on the continuum discretized coupled channel(CDCC)method was performed for the aforementioned Cf and ICf cross sections;the result is consistent with the *** universal fusion function(Uff)was also compared with the measured Cf cross section for different barrier parameters,demonstrating that the Cf suppression factor is significantly influenced by the choice of potential,which can reflect both dynamic and static effects of breakup on the fusion process.

关键词： cross section incomplete fusion suppression factor weakly bound nuclei

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