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Individual Differences in Blood Alcohol Concentrations after Moderate Drinking Are Mainly Regulated by Gastric Emptying Rate Together with Ethanol Distribution Volume

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 732-737页

作者： Shunji Oshima Takeshi Haseba Chiaki Masuda ema Kakimi Manabu Sami Tomomasa Kanda Youkichi Ohno Department of Legal Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan. Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food Asahi Group Holdings Ltd. Ibaraki Japan

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) differs greatly among individuals, even when people of the same sex and age drink alcohol under the same drinking conditions. In this study, we investigated the main factors involved in the internal reg-ulation of individual differences in BAC, focusing on the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) genotype, blood acetal-dehyde concentration (BAcH), amount of habitual alcohol consumption, pharmacokinetic parameters of BAC, distribution volume of ethanol (Vd), and gastric emptying rate (GER) under the same drinking conditions. Twenty healthy Japanese males aged between 40 and 59 years old and having the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype of ALDH 2*1/*2 were recruited for this study. The subjects were given 0.32 g ethanol/kg body weight in the form of commercially available beer (5%, v/v). The results showed that BAC-max differed greatly among individuals with a more than two-fold variation. When the BAC-time curve was compared among ADH1B genotypes (ADH1B*1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2), there were no differences in BAC among the genotypes. Although BAcH, monthly alcohol consumption, elimination rate of blood ethanol (β value) and ethanol disappearance rate from the body (EDR) can affect BAC, all of them had no correlations with BAC-max. However, Vd (liter/kg), ΔPlasma glucose concentration (ΔPGC = PGC30 min ? PGC0 min) and the serum concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) did correlate with BAC-max. Model 2 in multiple linear regression analysis showed the optimal model for Vd and GIP with positive correlations with BAC-max. As GIP and ΔPGC are both reflected by gastric emptying rate (GER), we concluded that the individual differences in BAC after moderate drinking are mainly regulated by GER together with Vd. These findings demonstrate that together with body water content, the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the regulation of individual differences in BAC, involving first pass metabolism of ethanol.

关键词： Individual Differences Blood Ethanol Concentration Moderate Drinking Gastric Emptying Rate Distribution Volume

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Nonlinear control of photonic higher-order topological bound states in the continuum

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第9期10卷 1726-1735页

作者： Zhichan Hu Domenico Bongiovanni Dario Jukić ema Jajtić Shiqi Xia Daohong Song Jingjun Xu Roberto Morandotti Hrvoje Buljan Zhigang Chen The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of PhysicsNankai University300457TianjinChina INRS-EMT 1650 Boulevard Lionel-BouletVarennesQCJ3X 1S2Canada Faculty of Civil Engineering University of ZagrebA.Kačića Miošića 2610000ZagrebCroatia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenička c.3210000ZagrebCroatia Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University030006TaiyuanShanxiChina Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China610054ChengduSichuanChina Department of Physics and Astronomy San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA94132USA

Higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs)are recently discovered topological phases,possessing symmetry-protected corner states with fractional *** unexpected connection between these states and the seemingly unrelated phenomenon of bound states in the continuum(BICs)was recently *** nonlinearity is added to the HOTI system,a number of fundamentally important questions *** example,how does nonlinearity couple higher-order topological BICs with the rest of the system,including continuum states?In fact,thus far BICs in nonlinear HOTIs have remained *** we unveil the interplay of nonlinearity,higher-order topology,and BICs in a photonic *** observe topological corner states that are also BICs in a laser-written second-order topological lattice and further demonstrate their nonlinear coupling with edge(but not bulk)modes under the proper action of both self-focusing and defocusing ***,we calculate the eigenvalue spectrum and analog of the Zak phase in the nonlinear regime,illustrating that a topological BIC can be actively tuned by nonlinearity in such a photonic *** studies are applicable to other nonlinear HOTI systems,with promising applications in emerging topology-driven devices.

关键词： topological nonlinearity nonlinear

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Chemical and Morphological Study of PM10 Analysed by SEM-EDS

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2014年第4期3卷 121-129页

作者： Roberto Ramirez-leal Maryanna Valle-Martinez Martin Cruz-Campas Environmental Industrial Engineering Program Sonora State University Hermosillo Mexico Ecology School Sonora State University Hermosillo Mexico

Single particle characterization can provide information on the evolution of size distribution and chemical composition of pollution aerosol. The work described the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with X-ray Dispersive Energy Spectrometry (EDS) to characterize inorganic atmospheric particles samples collected on PM10 filters from January 2013 to October 2013 from three zones within the city of Hermosillo, Sonora. Specimens were initially processed by separating the collected particles from the filters by means of submersing a 2 cm2 section of each filter into isopropilic alcohol within a test tube for 5 minutes. Then, an aliquot of the suspension was placed over a sample holder and into the SEM. The different elements found amongst individual particles were Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, S, Si, Ti and U. The predominant elements are Al (17.10 At%), Si (10.17 At%), Ba (5.90 At%), Fe (5.45 At%) and U (2.32 At%). The particles were classified into groups based on morphology and elemental composition: particles of aluminosilicate, salts of sodium chloride, sulfates, metal particles, barium and uranium. These particles morphology and chemical composition, illustrate an abundance of natural elements within the zone. However, some of the elements presented are directly related with human activities, and are of much interest from the public health and environmental perspectives.

关键词： PM10 Air Quality SEM EDS Morphology

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Detection and determination of undeclared synthetic caffeine in weight loss formulations using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS/MS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第6期8卷 366-372页

作者： Carine Viana Gabriela M.Zemolin Thaís R.Dal Molin Luciana Gobo Sandra Maria Ribeiro Gabriela C.leal Gabriela Z.Marcon Leandro M.de Carvalho Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Center of Health Sciences Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Department of Chemistry Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)

Caffeine is present in products marketed for weight loss, with the purpose of increasing thermogenesis and lipid metabolism. The dosage declared by the product manufacturer, or even its presence, is not always correctly described on the label. This work aimed to investigate the undeclared synthetic caffeine in weight loss formulations by a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection(HPLC-DAD) method. From one hundred products purchased through Brazilian e-commerce, seventeen contained caffeine, either naturally or synthetically added to formulation. The caffeine-containing samples were confirmed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) method, and adulteration was clearly proven in five products. The content highest caffeine contained 448.8 mg per dose. Other irregularities were also found; nevertheless, the most serious was the addition of synthetic drugs without asking the consumers. Additional drugs expose the consumer to more possible side-effects as well as deleterious drug interactions. Intentional adulteration with any unlabeled substance is typically motivated by a desire to increase or alter the claimed effect of the marketed product to gain a commercial advantage.

关键词： Undeclared synthetic caffeine Weight loss formulations HPLC-DAD UHPLC-MS/MS

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An unsettling explanation for the failure of skatole-baited ovitraps to capture Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 873-880页

作者： Marcelo H.S.Paiva Rosangela M.R.Barbosa Suzane A.Santos Norma M.Silva Marcia B.Paula Constancia F.J.Ayres Walter S.leal Depariamento de Entomologia Instituto Aggeu MagalhaesFundagao Oswaldo CruzAv. Professor Moraes RegoRecifePEBrazil CentroAcademicodoAgreste Universidade Federalde Pernambuco CaruaruPEBrazil Departamentode Biologia Celular Embriologia e GeneticaCentro de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSC.Brazil Faculdade de Saude PCiblica Departamento de Epidemiologia Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of California-DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

Culex mosquitoes are primarily found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide where they play a crucial role as main vectors of filarial worms and arboviruses. In Recife, a northeast city in Brazil, high densities of Culex quinquefasciatus are often found in association with human populated areas. In marked contrast to another part of the city, field tests conducted in the neighborhood of Sitio dos Pintos showed that trapping of mosquitoes in skatole-baited ovitraps did not differ significantly from captures in control (water) traps. Thus, classical and molecular taxonomic approaches were used to analyze the Culex species circulating in Sitio dos Pintos. Results obtained from both approaches agreed on the cocirculation of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus in three different areas of this neighborhood. What was initially considered as an unexpected failure of this lure turned out to be a more unsettling problem, that is, the first report in Recife of Culex nigripalpus, a vector of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Unplanned urbanization processes close to remnants of the Atlantic forest, such as observed in Sitio dos Pintos, may have contributed to the introduction of Cx. nigripalpus in urban areas.

关键词： Culex quinquefasciatus Culex nigripalpus dengue oviposition attractant skatole West Nile virus Zika

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YbF_3/SiO_2 Fillers as Radiopacifiers in a Dental Adhesive Resin

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Nano-Micro Letters 2012年第3期4卷 189-196页

作者： Neftali L.V.Carreno Thiago C.S.Oliveira Evandro Piva Fernanda B.leal Giana S.Lima Marcelo D.Moncks Cristiane W.Raubach Fabricio A.Ogliari Technology Development Center Engineering of MaterialFederal University of Pelotas Biomaterials Development and Control Center School of DentistryFederal University of Pelotas Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry IQGFederal University of Pelotas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of functionalizing a dental adhesive resin with YbF_3/SiO_2 fillers for use as *** of YbF_3/SiO_2 were obtained with the high-energy mechanical milling method and characterized by both physical and chemical *** characterization,the particles were sieved and silanized prior to being incorporated into an adhesive *** stability of the particle suspension was then *** light activation,the radiopacity,degree of conversion,flexural strength and elastic modulus were *** dental adhesive resins with 10 and 15 wt% of filler provided satisfactory radiopacity,while flexural strength and elastic modulus were not *** degree of conversion was statistically lower than that of the control(p<0.05).The method used for incorporating the tested ytterbium fluoride/silicon dioxide particles at concentrations of 10 and 15 wt% was shown to be feasible for the development of a radiopaque dental adhesive system.

关键词： Radiopacifier YbF3/SiO2 Dental adhesive resin Composite

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Identifcation of Immunity-related Genes in Arabidopsis and Cassava Using Genomic Data

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第6期11卷 345-353页

作者： Luis Guillermo leal A'lvaro Perez Andre's Quintero A'ngela Bayona Juan Felipe Ortiz Anju Gangadharan David Mackey Camilo Lo'pez Liliana Lo'pez-Kleine Department of Statistics Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Biology Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Molecular Genetics The Ohio State University

Recent advances in genomic and post-genomic technologies have provided the opportu- nity to generate a previously unimaginable amount of information. However, biological knowledge is still needed to improve the understanding of complex mechanisms such as plant immune responses. Better knowledge of this process could improve crop production and management. Here, we used holistic analysis to combine our own microarray and RNA-seq data with public genomic data from Arabidopsis and cassava in order to acquire biological knowledge about the relationships between proteins encoded by immunity-related genes （IRGs） and other genes. This approach was based on a kernel method adapted for the construction of gene networks. The obtained results allowed us to propose a list of new IRGs. A putative function in the immunity pathway was predicted for the new IRGs. The analysis of networks revealed that our predicted IRGs are either well documented or recognized in previous co-expression studies. In addition to robust relationships between IRGs, there is evidence suggesting that other cellular processes may be also strongly related to immunity.

关键词： Arabidopsis Cassava Functional gene prediction Genomic data Kernel canonical correlation ajalysi Plant immunity

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Impact of Metabolic-Syndrome Risk Factors on the Absenteeism of Health Workers from a Brazilian University Hospital

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Health 2018年第6期10卷 853-877页

作者： Almerinda Luedy Danile leal Barreto Hugo Costa-Ribeiro Júnior Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine Salvador Brazil

Objective: Analyzing the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MS) risk factors and work absenteeism due to illnesses among University Hospital employees in Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study comprised 1173 Bahia Federal University Hospital employees: 57.3% of them were federal employees (statutory officers) and 42.7% were civil servants (CLT employees). Participants were in the age group 41.5 years: 69.4% were female and 30.6% were male. Results: MS prevalence in employees reached 6.6%;women accounted for 69.7% of the total. The percentage increases with age and has similar proportion among directcare providers and ancillary supports personnel, 40.8% and 39.5%, respectively. The risk factor analysis showed 25% hypertension, 54.6% weight excess (18.4% obese and 36.2% overweight patients), 20% hypercholesterolemia, 9.9% hypertriglyceridemia and 6.5% diabetes mellitus prevalence. Absenteeism longer than one day within the studied population reached 40.1%. Osteoarticular diseases were the most common reason for absenteeism, accounting for 50.7% of it: 62.6% of whom were either overweight or obese. The mean cost with absenteeism per employee was R$5492.87 ($2347.00 US Dollars), and it corresponds to annual cost of R 2,587,139.53 ($1,105,610.00 US Dollars). The highest cost with absenteeism caused by illnesses was recorded for female workers;for federal employees who were patient caregivers, who worked in the Pediatric Centre and who worked at night shifts. Conclusion: The high Metabolic Syndrome risk factors and overweight incidence are responsible for the increased costs faced by hospitals due to high absenteeism rates.

关键词： Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors Absenteeism University Hospital

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加拿大哥伦比亚大学新档案馆

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设计 2017年第8期30卷 26-27页

作者： jacob ema peter(图)

这是位于加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学的新档案馆，建筑出色展示了高度专业化的图书馆环境，它基于哈佛大学开发的模型，可以在典型图书馆环境中将图书馆印刷收藏品的寿命从30年延长到300年。在控制温度和湿度的条件下，图书馆藏品都被存储... 详细信息

这是位于加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学的新档案馆，建筑出色展示了高度专业化的图书馆环境，它基于哈佛大学开发的模型，可以在典型图书馆环境中将图书馆印刷收藏品的寿命从30年延长到300年。在控制温度和湿度的条件下，图书馆藏品都被存储在高密度的搁架单元中，通过使用该系统，档案馆成为北美最经济高效的存储设施。

关键词：哥伦比亚大学档案馆加拿大图书馆哈佛大学控制温度收藏品专业化

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Dosing strategies for de novo once-daily extended release tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients based on CYP3A5 genotype

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第6期13卷 368-378页

作者： Adam Diamond Sunil Karhadkar Kenneth Chavin Serban Constantinescu Kwan N.Lau Oscar Perez-leal Kerry Mohrien Nicole Sifontis Antonio Di Carlo Department of Pharmacy Temple University HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States Department of Surgery Temple University HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States Department of Medicine Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19140United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jayne Haines Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug SafetyTemple University School of PharmacyPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States Department of Pharmacy Practice Temple University School of PharmacyPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States

BACKGROUND Tacrolimus extended-release tablets have been Food and Drug Administrationapproved for use in the de novo kidney transplant *** requirements often vary for tacrolimus based on several factors including variation in metabolism based on CYP3A5 *** who express CYP3A5 often require higher dosing of immediate-release tacrolimus,but this has not been established for tacrolimus extended-release tablets in the de novo *** To obtain target trough concentrations of extended-release tacrolimus in de novo kidney transplant recipients according to CYP3A5 *** Single-arm,prospective,single-center,open-label,observational study(***:NCT037-13645).Life cycle pharma tacrolimus(LCPT)orally once daily at a starting dose of 0.13 mg/kg/day based on actual body *** weight is more than 120%of ideal body weight,an adjusted body weight was *** dose was adjusted to maintain tacrolimus trough concentrations of 8-10 ng/*** analysis of CYP3A5 genotype was performed at study *** Mean time to therapeutic tacrolimus trough concentration was longer in CYP3A5 intermediate and extensive metabolizers vs CYP3A5 non-expressers(6 d vs 13.5 d vs 4.5 d;P=0.025).Mean tacrolimus doses and weight-based doses to achieve therapeutic concentration were higher in CYP3A5 intermediate and extensive metabolizers vs CYP3A5 non-expressers(16 mg vs 16 mg vs 12 mg;P=0.010)(0.20 mg/kg vs 0.19 mg/kg vs 0.13 mg/kg;P=0.018).CYP3A5 extensive metabolizers experienced lower mean tacrolimus trough concentrations throughout the study period compared to CYP3A5 intermediate metabolizers and non-expressers(7.98 ng/mL vs 9.18 ng/mL vs 10.78 ng/mL;P=00.008).No differences were identified with regards to kidney graft function at 30-d *** adverse events were reported for 13(36%)*** Expression of CYP3A5 leads to higher starting doses and incremental dosage titration of extended-release

关键词： Immunosuppression Kidney transplant Dosing Tacrolimus Therapeutic drug monitoring Genotype

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