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Blast waveform tailoring using controlled venting in blast simulators and shock tubes

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： edward Chern Jinn Gan Alex Remennikov David Ritzel Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consulting Ltd 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equivalent high-explosive *** tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effective ways to control blast wave profiles and as a result have a limited performance *** wave shaping techniques employed in some facilities are reviewed but often necessitate extensive geometric modifications,inadvertently cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under very specific *** paper investigates controlled venting as an expedient way for waveforms to be tuned without requiring extensive modifications to the driver or existing geometry and could be widely applied by existing and future blast simulation and shock tube *** use of controlled venting is demonstrated experimentally using the Advanced Blast Simulator(shock tube)at the Australian national Facility of Physical Blast Simulation and via numerical flow simulations with Computational Fluid *** venting is determined as an effective method for mitigating the impact of re-reflected waves within the blast *** control method also allows for the adjustment of parameters such as tuning the peak overpressure,the positive phase duration,and modifying the magnitude of the negative phase and the secondary shock of the blast *** paper is concluded with an illustration of the potential expanded performance range of the Australian blast simulation facility when controlled venting for blast waveform tailoring as presented in this paper is applied.

关键词： Advanced blast simulator Shock wave propagation Far-field explosion Blast loads Blast waves Computational fluid dynamics

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Heat and Mass Transfer for a nanofluid Flow in Fluidized Bed Dryer in Presence of Induced Magnetic Field

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1401-1425页

作者： Kiptum J. Purity Mathew n. Kinyanjui edward R. Onyango Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

This research entails the study of heat and mass transfer of nanofluid flow in a fluidized bed dryer used in tea drying processes in presence of induced magnetic field. A mathematical model describing the fluid flow in a Fluidized bed dryer was developed using the nonlinear partial differential equations. Due to their non-linearity, the equations were solved numerically by use of the finite difference method. The effects of physical flow parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration and magnetic induction profiles were studied and results were presented graphically. From the mathematical analysis, it was deduced that addition of silver nanoparticles into the fluid flow enhanced velocity and temperature profiles. This led to improved heat transfer in the fluidized bed dryer, hence amplifying the tea drying process. Furthermore, it was noted that induced magnetic field tends to decrease the fluid velocity, which results in uniform distribution of heat leading to efficient heat transfer between the tea particles and the fluid, thus improving the drying process. The research findings provide information to industries on ways to optimize thermal performance of fluidized bed dryers.

关键词： Heat Transfer Induced Magnetic Field nanofluid Fluidized Bed Dryer

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Effects of crop residues for animal consumption and soil enhancement on the electricity generation potential of residues:A case study of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district,Ghana

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 276-287页

作者： Augustine Awaafo edward A.Awafo Meisam Mahdavi David Vera Gilbert Ayine Akolgo Emmanuel Amankwah Francisco Jurado Department of Electrical Engineering University of JaénLinares 23700JaénSpain Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani P.O.Box 214Ghana Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani P.O.Box 214Ghana

Many studies have estimated the potential of crop residues for energy generation globally and recognized its great potential,especially in rural areas where on-grid electricity is ***,crop residues have other equally important uses as animal feed and as mulch for soil enhancement,especially in rural farming ***,most of the known studies have neglected the estimation of the quantity of crop residues that will be required for feeding animals and also for the enhancement of soil through mulching in their energy potential estimation from crop *** these two important uses can lead to the over-exploitation of the residues for energy generation at the expense of conservation agriculture practices as well as depriving animals of quality feed which can lead to low crop yield and animal production,with the ability to cause hunger and *** study has assessed the potential of electricity generation from agricultural residues in the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district of Ghana using gasification technology,taking cognizance of the proportion of residues needed for animal consumption and soil *** results of the study indicate that out of the 207646.22 t of residues that can be generated from maize,yam,cassava,millet,sorghum,and groundnut,26830.36 t(representing 13%)will be required by sheep,goats,and cows for consumption,and 13936.17 t(representing 7%)will be required for mulching soils where the crops are ***,it was found that a total of 592.17 MW∙h of electricity can be generated from crop residues without animal consumption and soil enhancement needs,while 461.89 MW∙h could be generated from the residues,considering animal feed and soil *** study has indicated that it is not enough to consider soil enhancement and animal feeding in agricultural biomass power generation through recovery factors without the exact quantification of residues required for these purposes since this can lead to a vi

关键词： animal feed crop residue electricity generation soil enhancement

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The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians:A longitudinal study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 841-850页

作者： Ding Ding Joe Van Buskirk Stephanie Partridge Philip Clare edward Giovannucci Adrian Bauman nicole Freene Robyn Gallagher Binh nguyen Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Sydney Local Health District CamperdownNSW 2050Australia School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia national Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia Departments of nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Health University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Susan Wakil School of nursing and Midwifery the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)***,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD *** examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause ***:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary *** activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total *** used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying ***:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,*** interactions between diet and physical activity were *** all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA *** for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause ***:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy d

关键词： Diet Physical activity Cardiovascular disease Mortality Cohort studies

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Allophane as a nanotechnological Additive in Masonry Materials to Increase Resistance and Waterproofing

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 196-212页

作者： edward H. Jiménez Joao Rivera Juan H. Villalba Paola E. Vera Marlon Cuenca Belén Granja Javier Fuentes Sandra Gavilanes Daniel Hidalgo Fernando Garcia Jose Bermudez Washington Ruiz Alexis Martial Debut Facultad de Ingeniera Qumica Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador nanomaterials Characterization Laboratory Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE Sangolqu Ecuador

The constant need for high-strength materials in the construction industry promotes the research of additives that improve the properties of masonry materials. The use of allophane as an additive in concrete and mortar mixtures was implemented to improve their strength and waterproofing, respectively, using compression and water absorption tests according to their corresponding standards (ASTM C1231, ASTM D2938, and ASTM C1585). The samples were evaluated at different concentrations and curing ages. In addition, different sand/cement ratios were considered for the mortar. The results revealed that there was a 9.4% increase in compressive strength in concrete and a 23.7% reduction in water absorption in mortar for the 5:1 ratio. These changes would be the result of the interaction of the nanoporous additive in the atomic crystal structure of the material demonstrating the nanotechnological nature of allophane.

关键词： Allophane nano Additive Strength Impermeability Concrete Mortar

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Thirty Years of Multiple Sequence Codes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2011年第1期9卷 1-6页

作者： edward n. Trifonov Genome Diversity Center Institute of Evolution University of Haifa Haifa 31905 Israel Division of Functional Genomics and Proteomics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno 61137 Czech Republic

An overview is presented on the status of studies on multiple codes in genetic sequences. Indirectly, the existence of multiple codes is recognized in the form of several rediscoveries of Second Genetic Code that is different each time. A due credit is given to earlier seminal work related to the codes often neglected in literature. The latest developments in the field of chromatin code are discussed, as well as perspectives of single-base resolution studies of nucleosome positioning, including rotational setting of DnA on the surface of the histone octamers.

关键词： genomic code chromatin code second genetic code code interaction code degeneracy

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Hazards from lakes and reservoirs: new interpretation of the Vaiont disaster

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1717-1737页

作者： Alan P.DYKES edward n.BROMHEAD Centre for Engineering Environment and Society ResearchSchool of Engineering and the EnvironmentKingston UniversityPenrhyn RoadKingston upon ThamesKTi 2EEUK

Hazards in reservoirs and lakes arising from subaerial landslides causing impact waves(or ‘lake tsunamis’) are now well known, with several recent examples having been investigated in detail. The potential scale of such hazards was not widely known at the time of the Vaiont dam project in the 1950s and early 1960s, although a small wave triggered by a landslide at another new reservoir nearby in the Dolomites(northern Italy) drew the possible hazard to the attention of the Vaiont project’s managers. The Vaiont disaster in 1963 arose from a combination of disparate and seemingly unrelated factors and circumstances that led to an occurrence that could not have been imagined at that time. The ultimate cause was a very large landslide moving very rapidly into a reservoir and displacing the water. The resulting wave overtopped the dam to a height of around 175 m and around 2000 people were killed. This paper identifies and examines all of the issues surrounding the Vaiont dam and landslide in order to identify causal factors, contributory factors(including aggravating factors) and underlying factors. In doing so, it demonstrates that the disaster arose from the Vaiont dam project and cannot be attributed simply to the landslide. Underlying geological factors gave rise to the high speed of the landslide, which would have occurred anyway at some time. However, without the contributory factors that account for the presence of the reservoir, i.e. the choice of location for the project and management of the project with respect to a possible landslide hazard, there would have been no disaster. Indeed, the disaster could have been avoided if the reservoir could have been emptied pending further ground investigations. Understanding of this case provides many lessons for future dam projects in mountainous locations but also highlights an ongoing and perhaps under-appreciated risk from similar events involving other water bodies including geologically recent lakes formed behind n

关键词： Vaiont landslide Impulse wave Lake tsunami Dam project Causal factors for disaster

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On the Observable Transition to Living Matter

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2011年第1期9卷 7-14页

作者： Samanta Pino edward n. Trifonov Ernesto Di Mauro Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnology Sapienza University of Roma Roma 00185 Italy Genome Diversity Center Institute of Evolution University of Haifa Haifa 31905 Israel Division of Functional Genomics and Proteomics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno 61137 Czech Republic

In recent developments in chemistry and genetic engineering, the humble researcher dealing with the origin of life finds her（him）self in a grey area of tackling something that even does not yet have a clear definition agreed upon. A series of chemical steps is described to be considered as the life-nonlife transition, if one adheres to the minimalistic definition： life is self-reproduction with variations. The fully artificial RnA system chosen for the exploration corresponds sequence-wise to the reconstructed initial triplet repeats, presumably corresponding to the earliest protein-coding molecules. The demonstrated occurrence of the mismatches （variations） in otherwise complementary syntheses （＂self-reproduction＂）, in this RnA system, opens an experimental and conceptual perspective to explore the origin of life （and its definition）, on the apparent edge of the origin.

关键词： triplet code origin of life definition of life life-nonlife transition

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Two Potent α3/5 Conotoxins from Piscivorous Conus achatinus

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第6期39卷 438-444页

作者： Geoffrey CHEW edward HAWROT Department of Molecular Pharmacology Physiology and Biotechnology Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02903 USA

Every cone snail produces a mixture of different conotoxins and secretes them to immobilize their prey and predators. α3/5 Conotoxins, isolated from fish-hunting cone snails, target muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The structure and function of α3/5 conotoxin from the piscivorous Conus achatinus have not been studied. We synthesized two pentadecamer peptides, Ac 1.1 a and Ac 1.1 b, with appropriate disulfide bonding, based on cDnA sequences of α3/5 conotoxins from C. achatinus. Ac 1.1 a and Ac 1.1 b differ by only one amino acid residue. They have similar potency on blocking recombinant mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, with IC50values of 36 nM and 26 nM, respectively. For Ac 1.1b, deletion of the first three n-terminal amino acids did not change its activity, indicating that the nterminus is not involved in the interaction with its receptor. Furthermore, our experiments indicate that both toxins strongly prefer the α1-δ subunit interface instead of the α1-γ binding site on the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These peptides provide additional tools for the study of the structure and function of nicotinic receptor.

关键词： cone snail α3/5 conotoxin disulfide bond nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

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Surgeon feedback to decrease opioid prescriptions after pediatric appendectomy

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第4期5卷 295-297页

作者： Kristen n Ohe edward Hagen Amber May Mansen Wang Rob Weinsheimer Department of Surgery Swedish Medical Center First Hill CampusSeattleWashingtonUSA Colorectal Surgery Spectrum HealthGrand RapidsMichiganUSA Pediatrics Kaiser Permanente WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA

Appendicitis is one of the most common indications for hospital admission and surgery within the pediatric population.1 Approximately 70000 appendectomies are performed annually,and the incidence is on the rise.23 The... 详细信息

关键词： pediatric operative prescription

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