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Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm.,“acute vs. chronic osteom.elitis”, “the im.une proteom.” and “local antibiotic therapy”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. m.sters Ryan P. Trom.etta Karen L. de m.sy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani m.sahiro Ishikawa Yugo m.rita Hirom. Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry m.rk Ninom.ya Jam.s D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates edward m. schwarz Gowrishankar m.thukrishnan Center for m.sculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departm.nt of Pathology and Laboratory m.dicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departm.nt of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departm.nt of m.crobiology & Im.unology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteom.elitis is a devastating disease caused by m.crobial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the m.jority of chronic osteom.elitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteom.elitis and the ensuing treatm.nt algorithm. Given the high patient m.rbidity,m.rtality, and econom.c burden caused by osteom.elitis, it is im.ortant to elucidate m.chanism. of bone infection to inform.novel strategies for prevention and curative treatm.nt. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm.including: Staphylococcal abscess com.unities in the local soft tissue and bone m.rrow, glycocalyx form.tion on im.lant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this m.de of chronic osteom.elitis. There have also been m.jor advances in our understanding of the im.une proteom. against S. aureus, from.clinical studies of serum.antibodies and m.dia enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(m.NSA), which m.y provide new opportunities for osteom.elitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine developm.nt. Finally, novel therapies such as antim.crobial im.lant coatings and antibiotic im.regnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent prom.sing strategies for preventing and m.naging this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotem.oral Im.act of Rest Area Closures on Ram. Parking

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 289-307页

作者： Jijo K. m.thew Jairaj Desai edward D. Cox Darcy m. Bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Indiana Departm.nt of Transportation Indianapolis IN USA

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient m.vem.nt of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for com.ercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ram.s, which create safety risks for other interstate m.torists. Historically, agencies have em.loyed costly and tim. intensive m.nual counting m.thods, cam.ra surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-tim., offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there m.y be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and docum.nts the observed spatiotem.oral im.acts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ram.s. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ram.s during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ram.s closest to the rest area were m.st im.acted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 tim.s. Parking duration on the ram.s during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ram.s, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul com.ercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in inform.d data-driven decision m.king when allocating resources towards im.roving the nations com.ercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

关键词： Connected Truck Data Rest Areas Exit Ram.s Truck Parking Com.ercial Vehicles

Surgeon preferences in the treatm.nt of thum. carpom.tacarpal osteoarthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 435-443页

作者： edward J Wu Bradley W Fossum.Wyatt Vander Voort Christopher O Bayne Robert m.Szabo Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery UC Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCA 95817United States

BACKGROUND Prim.ry thum. carpom.tacarpal(Cm.)osteoarthritis is one of the m.st com.on conditions encountered by hand *** the vast num.er of operations that have been proposed,none have dem.nstrated results significantly superior to trapeziectom. *** The purpose of our study was to determ.ne why surgeons opt for their technique in treating Cm. *** A cross-sectional survey of active m.m.ers of the Am.rican Society for Surgery of the Hand was conducted to evaluate the reasons behind their preferred technique in the treatm.nt of isolated thum. Cm. *** were contacted by em.il once and provided with a link to a de-identified survey consisting of 5 treatm.nt questions and 5 dem.graphic *** Of 950 responses were received.40.5%of surgeons preferred trapeziectom.+ligam.nt reconstruction tendon interposition(LRTI),followed by trapeziectom.+suspensionplasty(28.2%),suture button suspension(5.9%),trapeziectom. alone(4.6%),prosthetic arthroplasty(3.2%),arthrodesis(1.1%),and other(6.6%).Proponents of trapeziectom.+LRTI cited fam.liarity(73.2%),exposure during fellowship(48.8%)and less proxim.l m.gration(60%)to be the m.in reasons affecting their *** who preferred trapeziectom.+suspensionplasty m.st reported sim.licity(74.9%),fewer com.lications(45.3%),less proxim.l m.gration(43.8%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(42.7%).Advocates of suture button suspension cited avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(80.4%),shorter im.obilization(76.8%),and quicker recovery(73.2%)with their *** of trapeziectom. alone cited sim.licity(97.7%),fewer com.lications(86.4%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(59.1%).In their com.ents,45%of surgeons choosing trapeziectom. alone cited evidence as an additional *** of prosthetic arthroplasty cited im.roved pinch strength(83.3%)and im.roved range of m.tion(63.3%),while those preferring arthrodesis cited better pinch strength(90%)and freque

关键词： Thum. carpom.tacarpal Osteoarthritis Trapeziectom. Ligam.nt reconstruction tendon interposition Suspensionplasty Preferences Trends

DEm.analysis of the influence of stirrer design on die filling with forced powder feeding

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 107-115页

作者： Chao Zheng edward Yost Ariel R.m.liadi Nicolin Govender Ling Zhang Chuan-Yu Wu School of Chem.stry and Chem.cal Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom Sm.ll m.lecule Pharm.ceutics GenentechInc.One DNA WaySouth San FranciscoCA94080USA

Die filling is a critical stage during powder com.action,which can significantly affect the product quality and *** this paper,a forced feeder is introduced attem.ting to im.rove the filling perform.nce of a lab-scale die filling *** die filling process is analysed with a graphics processing units(GPU)enhanced discrete elem.nt m.thod(DEm..Various stirrer designs are assessed for a wide range of process settings(i.e.,stirrer speed,filling speed)to explore their influence on the die filling perform.nce of free-flowing *** results show that die filing with the novel helical-ribbon(i.e.,type D)stirrer design exhibits the highest filling ratio,im.lying that it is the m.st robust stirrer design for the feeder configuration ***,die filling perform.nce with the type D stirrer design is a function of the stirrer speed and the filling speed.A positive variation of filling ratio(ηf>0%)can be ensured over the whole range of filling speed by adjusting the stirrer speed(i.e.,increasing the stirrer speed).The approach used in this study can not only help understand how the stirrer design affects the die filling perform.nce but also guide the optim.zation of feeder system.and process settings.

关键词： Discrete elem.nt m.thod Die filling Forced feeding Stirrer design GPU com.uting

Integrated Single-cell m.ltiom.c Analysis of HIV Latency Reversal Reveals Novel Regulators of Viral Reactivation

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Genom.cs, Proteom.cs & Bioinform.tics 2024年第1期22卷 67-88页

作者： m.nickam.Ashokkum.r Wenwen m.i Jackson J.Peterson Yuriko Harigaya David m.m.rdoch David m.m.rgolis Caleb Kornfein Alex Oesterling Zhicheng Guo Cynthia D.Rudin Yuchao Jiang edward P.Browne Departm.nt of m.dicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA HIV Cure Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Departm.nt of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Departm.nt of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Departm.nt of m.dicine Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Departm.nt of Statistics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Departm.nt of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy,hum.n im.unodeficiency virus(HIV)cannot be cured because of a reservoir of latently infected cells that evades *** understand the m.chanism. of HIV latency,we em.loyed an integrated single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chrom.tin with sequencing(scATAC-seq)approach to sim.ltaneously profile the transcriptom.c and epigenom.c characteristics of~125,000 latently infected prim.ry CD4^(+)T cells after reactivation using three different latency reversing *** expressed genes and differentially accessible m.tifs were used to exam.ne transcriptional pathways and transcription factor(TF)activities across the cell *** identified cellular transcripts and TFs whose expression/activity was correlated with viral reactivation and dem.nstrated that a m.chine learning m.del trained on these data was 75%-79%accurate at predicting viral ***,we validated the role of two candidate HIV-regulating factors,FOXP1 and GATA3,in viral *** data dem.nstrate the power of integrated m.ltim.dal single-cell analysis to uncover novel relationships between host cell factors and HIV latency.

关键词： HIV latency reversal Prim.ry CD4þT cell Single-cell m.ltiom.cs HIV-regulating factor m.chine learning

Inhibition of m. tum.r-associated m.crophages polarization by m.dulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a possible liver cancer therapy m.thod

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第40期30卷 4399-4403页

作者： Vladislav V Tsukanov Julia L Tonkikh edward V Kasparov Alexander V Vasyutin Clinical Departm.nt of the Digestive System.Pathology of Adults and Children Federal Research Center“Krasnoyarsk Science Center”of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesScientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the NorthKrasnoyarsk 660022Russia

The problem.of liver cancer is becom.ng increasingly im.ortant due to the epi-dem.c of m.tabolic diseases and persistent high alcohol *** deter-m.nes great attention to the developm.nt and im.rovem.nt of m.thods for early diagnosis and treatm.nt of liver *** et al presented a study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,in which they showed that the use of the traditional Chinese m.dicine Calculus bovis(CB)can suppress tum.r growth in m.ce by inhibiting m. tum.r-associated m.crophages(TAm.through m.dulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin *** interaction of CB com.onents with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,m. TAm.polarization,and tum.r dynam.cs were studied using network pharm.cology,transcriptom.cs,and m.lecular *** is now generally accepted that the polarization of TAm.and the differentiation of the functions of m. and m. phagocytes are of great im.ortance for the progression of *** is assum.d that m. TAm.prom.te proliferation and m.gration of tum.r *** to m.dicinally influence the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in order to m.dulate phagocyte polarization now belong to one of the m.st prom.sing areas of im.unotherapy of oncological ***,the work of the Chinese authors deserves attention and further developm.nt.

关键词： Liver cancer Treatm.nt Calculus bovis Tum.r-associated m.crophages m. tum.r m.crophage polarization Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Analysis of new bone,cartilage,and fibrosis tissue in healing m.rine allografts using whole slide im.ging and a new autom.ted histom.rphom.tric algorithm

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Bone Research 2015年第4期3卷 226-234页

作者： Longze Zhang m.rtin Chang Christopher A Beck edward m.schwarz Brendan F Boyce Center for m.sculoskeletal Research School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical Center

Histom.rphom.tric analysis of histologic sections of norm.l and diseased bone sam.les,such as healing allografts and fractures,is widely used in bone ***,the utility of traditional sem.-autom.ted m.thods is lim.ted because they are labor-intensive and can have high interobserver variability depending upon the param.ters being assessed,and prim.ry data cannot be re-analyzed *** histom.rphom.try has long been recognized as a solution for these issues,and recently has becom. m.re feasible with the developm.nt of digital whole slide im.ging and com.uterized im.ge analysis system. that can interact with digital ***,we describe the developm.nt and validation of an autom.ted application（algorithm.using Visiopharm.s im.ge analysis system.to quantify newly form.d bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing m.rine fem.ral allografts in high-quality digital im.ges of H＆E/alcian blue-stained decalcified histologic *** validate this algorithm.we com.ared the results obtained independently using Osteom.asureTm.and Visiopharm.im.ge analysis *** intraclass correlation coefficient between Visiopharm.and Osteom.asure was very close to one for all tissue elem.nts tested,indicating nearly perfect reproducibility across *** new algorithm.represents an accurate and labor-efficient m.thod to quantify bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing m.use allografts.

关键词： cartilage slide autom.ted healing fibrous Figure autom.tically sections segm.ntation quantify

Utilization of longitudinal ultrasound to quantify joint soft-tissue changes in a m.use m.del of posttraum.tic osteoarthritis

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Bone Research 2017年第3期5卷 228-234页

作者： Hao Xu Echoe m.Bouta Ronald W Wood edward m.schwarz Yongjun Wang Lianping Xing Departm.nt of Orthopaedics Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Departm.nt of Pathology and Laboratory m.dicine Center for m.sculoskeletal Research Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Rochester Medical Center

To assess the utility of longitudinal ultrasound （US） to quantify volum.tric changes in joint soft tissues during the progression of posttraum.tic osteoarthritis （PTOA） in m.ce, and validate the US results with histological findings. A longitudinal cohort of 3-m.nth-old wild-type C57BL/6 m.le m.ce received the Hulth-Telhag surgical procedure on right knee to induce ~OA, and sham.surgery on their left knee as control. US scans were perform.d on both knees before, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-surgery. Joint space volum. and Power-Doppler （PD） volum. were obtained from.US im.ges via Am.ra software. A paraUel cross-sectional cohort of m.ce was killed at each US tim. point, and knee joints were subjected to histological analysis to obtain synovial soft-tissue area and OARSI scores. The correlation between US joint space volum. and histological synovial soft-tissue area or OARSI score was assessed via linear regression analysis. US im.ges indicated increased joint space volum. in PTOA joints over tim., which was associated with synovial inflam.ation and cartilage dam.ge by histology. These changes started from.2 weeks post-surgery and gradually becam. m.re severe. No change was detected in sham.joints. Increased joint space volum. was significantly correlated with increased synovial soft-tissue area and the OARSI score （P 〈 0.001）. PD signal was detected in the joint space of PTOA joints at 6 weeks post-surgery, which was consistent with the location of blood vessels that stained positively for CD31 and alpha-sm.oth m.scle actin in the synovium. This study indicates that US is a cost-effective longitudinal outcom. m.asure of volum.tric and vascular changes in joint soft tissues during PTOA progression in m.ce, which positively correlates with synovial inflam.ation and cartilage dam.ge.

关键词： OA PD USA Figure

SOm. RECENT DEVELOPm.NTS IN THE STUDY OF ANCIENT GREEK LAW

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2018年第2期33卷 187-266,284页

作者： edward m. Harris University of Durham University of Edinburgh

The laws of the Greek city-states and the Hellenistic Kingdom. dealt with all aspects of life in the com.unity.1 The laws regulated the m.in political institutions of the com.unity and gave rules to its officials about how to conduct public business. m.etings of the Council and Assem.ly were run according to public statutes, and decrees subm.tted for approval had to conform.to legal norm.. All public officials were subject to a legal review of their conduct and could be prosecuted in court or punished by special m.gistrates.

关键词： ANCIENT GREEK LAW Greek city-states Hellenistic Kingdom.