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疾病的解释与应对:基于地方性知识视角的解读

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思想战线 2018年第6期44卷 55-67页

作者：孙薇薇董凯悦中央财经大学社会与心理学院

疾病不仅仅是人的生理表现,更是反映地方文化、群体信仰和社会价值的一种隐喻。以往关于本土文化对疾病解释与应对的研究,主要以具体的、案例式的研究为主,综述性研究相对比较缺乏,而具有地域性文化特质的地方性知识理论,可以成为重要... 详细信息

疾病不仅仅是人的生理表现,更是反映地方文化、群体信仰和社会价值的一种隐喻。以往关于本土文化对疾病解释与应对的研究,主要以具体的、案例式的研究为主,综述性研究相对比较缺乏,而具有地域性文化特质的地方性知识理论,可以成为重要的整合性分析视角。按照个体向社会延展的层次,地方性知识可以区分为泛化的个人历程与经验、家庭习得与亲属权威知识、群体共识与社区文化、族群文化与社会价值4个维度,不同维度对建构人们的疾病认知与行为均产生重要影响。地方性知识理论有希望发展成为研究与理解疾病背后的行动逻辑与社会意涵的视角之一。

关键词：地方性知识疾病解释应对

从殊途到同归:案例中基层权力非正式运作的未预结局

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思想战线 2020年第3期46卷 72-80页

作者：孙薇薇董凯悦中央财经大学社会与心理学院北京100081

非正式的运作方式一直是国家权力在基层落地的重要途径。今天的基层政府正在向服务型转型,权力的非正式运作已呈现新走向。与以往研究较多的“治”或“管理”等强制型项目不同,北京某镇政府开展以服务为核心的农村老年心理干预项目值得... 详细信息

非正式的运作方式一直是国家权力在基层落地的重要途径。今天的基层政府正在向服务型转型,权力的非正式运作已呈现新走向。与以往研究较多的“治”或“管理”等强制型项目不同,北京某镇政府开展以服务为核心的农村老年心理干预项目值得关注。其中被正式权力的代理人(镇政府干部)吸纳进非正式运作网(老年心理干预守门人)的参与者,包括乡村中的体制精英、非体制精英和普通村民志愿者。参与者的最初动机包括情感与行政压力、政治地位的收益、乡土互助精神的留存。项目最终的结局是,干部向“管理/服务”多元身份的转型、以“善”为内核的服务精神得以正名、村民和老人的认同与拥护,项目最终从实施初始的各自谋算走向了实质意义的互通共融。

关键词：农村基层治理服务型政府非正式权力农村老年关爱

基于1D-CNN的土壤全氮近红外光谱预测模型

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土壤 2023年第6期55卷 1347-1353页

作者：秦文虎董凯月邓志超东南大学仪器科学与工程学院南京210096

于江苏无锡采集410个土壤样品测定土壤全氮含量,并在室内进行土壤样品光谱检测,用均值中心化、标准正态变换和趋势校正对光谱进行预处理,再运用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)、反向传播(BP)神经网络和一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)方法建立土壤全氮... 详细信息

于江苏无锡采集410个土壤样品测定土壤全氮含量,并在室内进行土壤样品光谱检测,用均值中心化、标准正态变换和趋势校正对光谱进行预处理,再运用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)、反向传播(BP)神经网络和一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)方法建立土壤全氮含量的回归预测模型。同时,每种模型在采用不同预处理方法的数据集上做十折交叉验证,记录预测模型的决定系数(R^(2))和均方根误差(RMSE)的平均值,对比3种预处理方法对模型精度的影响。结果表明:本研究基于土壤近红外光谱数据构建的1D-CNN模型预测土壤全氮含量结果可靠。使用原始数据与经均值中心化、标准正态变换、趋势校正预处理的数据训练得到的1D-CNN模型的R^(2)分别为0.907、0.931、0.922、0.964,而PLS模型R^(2)分别为0.856、0.863、0.861、0.880,BP神经网络模型的R^(2)分别为0.874、0.907、0.901、0.911。1D-CNN模型在原始数据和经预处理的光谱数据上的表现均优于PLS和BP神经网络模型,对光谱数据进行预处理能够有效提高1D-CNN模型的性能,尤其是趋势校正对模型的提升效果最明显。因此,1D-CNN能更好地提取光谱特征并建立其与含氮量的映射关系,有效地避免过拟合,在未经过预处理的光谱数据上依然能够达到一定的精度。

关键词：近红外光谱全氮含量光谱预处理 1D-CNN

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饲料中添加姜黄素对杂交鲟幼鱼代谢酶、抗氧化和肠道结构的影响

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中国水产科学 2023年第1期30卷 37-47页

作者：董凯玥王艺陈细华刘伟褚志鹏岳华梅李创举中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室上海海洋大学水产与生命学院长江大学动物科学学院

为评价饲料中添加不同水平的姜黄素对杂交鲟(Acipenserbaeri♂×Acipenserschrenckii♀)幼鱼生长和形体指标、血清生化、代谢酶活性、抗氧化功能和肠道结构的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.025 g/kg、0.05 g/kg、0.1 g/kg和0.2 g/kg的... 详细信息

为评价饲料中添加不同水平的姜黄素对杂交鲟(Acipenserbaeri♂×Acipenserschrenckii♀)幼鱼生长和形体指标、血清生化、代谢酶活性、抗氧化功能和肠道结构的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.025 g/kg、0.05 g/kg、0.1 g/kg和0.2 g/kg的姜黄素配制成5种饲料,投喂初始体重(16.24±0.11) g的杂交鲟幼鱼。实验分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。结果显示:饲料中添加姜黄素对杂交鲟幼鱼生长没有产生显著影响。血清总胆固醇(TG)含量在姜黄素添加量为0.2 g/kg时显著降低(P<0.05)。肝谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在0.05 g/kg姜黄素组明显降低,谷草转氨酶(AST)活性在0.05 g/kg、0.1 g/kg、0.2 g/kg添加量时活性显著降低(P<0.05)。十二指肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶分别在0.05g/kg和0.1g/kg姜黄素组活性显著升高(P<0.05)。血清丙二醛(MDA)含量在0.025g/kg时显著降低(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在0.025g/kg时显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着姜黄素的添加,杂交鲟幼鱼肠道结构有所改善。综上所述,饲料中添加姜黄素能改善杂交鲟幼鱼的健康状态,对鱼体具有降脂、护肝、促进消化和提高抗氧化能力等作用,姜黄素的建议添加量为0.025～0.05 g/kg。

关键词：杂交鲟姜黄素代谢酶抗氧化功能

饲料中添加植物甾醇对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、健康状况和肌肉质构的影响

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动物营养学报 2022年第12期34卷 8007-8021页

作者：王艺董凯玥吴建军赵旭民李罗新金佳利褚志鹏柴毅刘伟长江大学农学院/动物科学学院荆州434020 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室武汉430223 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院上海201306 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司武汉430074 浙江华太生物科技有限公司金华322005

为研究饲料中添加植物甾醇对大口黑鲈生长性能、健康状况及肌肉质构的影响,试验配制植物甾醇含量分别为0(TZ0,对照)、22.5(TZ22)、45.0(TZ45)、67.5(TZ67)和90.0 mg/kg(TZ90)的5种试验饲料。挑选600尾大口黑鲈[初均重为(5.01±0.06)g]... 详细信息

为研究饲料中添加植物甾醇对大口黑鲈生长性能、健康状况及肌肉质构的影响,试验配制植物甾醇含量分别为0(TZ0,对照)、22.5(TZ22)、45.0(TZ45)、67.5(TZ67)和90.0 mg/kg(TZ90)的5种试验饲料。挑选600尾大口黑鲈[初均重为(5.01±0.06)g]随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。按试验分组投喂5种饲料,养殖周期为8周。结果表明:与TZ0组相比,1)饲料中添加植物甾醇对试验鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率无显著影响(P>0.05);2)TZ45、TZ67、TZ90组全鱼粗脂肪和肌肉糖原含量显著降低(P0.05)。肠道切片显示TZ0组试验鱼的肠道存在明显的受损现象,而TZ22、TZ45、TZ67和TZ90组肠绒毛结构完整,肠绒毛异常现象不明显。以上结果表明,饲料中添加适量的植物甾醇可显著改善大口黑鲈肝脏、肠道健康和肌肉物理品质;分别以全鱼粗脂肪含量、肝糖原含量为评价指标,通过二次回归模型分析得出大口黑鲈饲料中植物甾醇的适宜添加量为59.2-64.0 mg/kg。

关键词：植物甾醇大口黑鲈生长健康肌肉质构

Metagenomic insights into seasonal variations in the soil microbial community and function in a Larix gmelinii forest of Mohe,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 371-383页

作者： Tong Bao Shilin Deng kaiyue Yu Weiyi Li Airong dong Department of Forest Protection College of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China

The eff ect of seasons on the soil microbiome in a Larix gmelinii forest of Mohe,China,where winter temperatures are generally below−40°C,was evaluated with metagenomics *** profi ling using sequencing information revealed that Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the dominant phyla in spring,summer,and fall,as were Bradyrhizobium,Chthoniobacter,Streptomyces,Acid Candidatus Koribacter at the genus *** species that were abundant in spring and fall greatly diminished in abundance in *** of orthologous groups(COG)of proteins,carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and NCBI databases were used to elucidate the function of diverse proteins and metabolites of the microbial community of *** *** analysis showed that fewer genes were detected in spring than in fall and summer,indicating that many soil microbes in the *** forest were not tolerant to *** on KEGG analysis,some pathways in the soil microbes were activated in spring and autumn and deactivated in *** analysis revealed that most CAZy were more active in summer than in spring or autumn and were severely inhibited in the *** functional pathways,proteins,and CAZy involved in the community changes were concerned with cold or heat ***,the soil in the *** forest can be a valuable resource for further research on heat and cold tolerance of soil microbes.

关键词： Soil microbial community Microbial function Metagenomic Seasonal variation

Highly dispersed Pt clusters encapsulated in MIL-125-NH_(2) via in situ auto-reduction method for photocatalytic H_(2) production under visible light

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4250-4257页

作者： Xiubing Huang Xiangjun Li Qingjie Luan kaiyue Zhang Zhenyu Wu Baozhen Li Zuoshuai Xi Wenjun dong Ge Wang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule&Structure ConstructionSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing10083China

Efficient hydrogen production via photocatalysis with high utilization efficiency of Pt cocatalyst is of great importance for sustainable development. In this work, we report an in situ auto-reduction strategy to encapsulate highly dispersed Pt clusters inside the cages of MIL-125-NH_(2). The amino groups in MIL-125-NH_(2) first react with formaldehyde to form reducing groups (i.e.,–NH-CH_(2)OH), which can in situ auto-reduce the confined Pt^(2+) ions to ultrasmall Pt clusters within the cavities. With optimized Pt content, photocatalytic H_(2) production over the obtained Pt(1.5)/MIL-125-NH-CH_(2)OH catalyst with 1.43 wt.% Pt loading achieved as high as 4,496.4 µmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) under visible light (λ > 420 nm) due to the facilitated transfer and separation of the photo-induced charger carriers arising from the synergetic effects between highly dispersed Pt clusters and MIL-125-NH-CH_(2)OH framework. This in situ auto-reduction strategy may be extended to encapsulate various kinds of metal or alloy clusters/nanoparticles within amino-functioned metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with superior properties and excellent performance.

关键词： Pt clusters MIL-125-NH_(2) in situ auto-reduction method photocatalytic H_(2)production visible light

Influence of bias voltage and oxygen addition on the discharge aspects of a diffuse argon plume in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第12期26卷 75-81页

作者： Pengying JIA Guoxin HAN Xiupin dong kaiyue WU Junxia RAN Xuexia PANG Xuexue ZHANG Jiacun WU Xuechen LI College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002People’s Republic of China Engineering Research Center of Zero-carbon Energy Buildings and Measurement Techniques Ministry of EducationBaoding 071002People’s Republic of China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Hebei Key Laboratory of Photo-Electricity Information and Materials Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002People’s Republic of China

A remote plasma,also referred to as a plasma plume(diffuse or filamentary),is normally formed downstream of an atmospheric pressure plasma *** this study,a diffuse plume is formed by increasing the bias voltage(U_(b))applied to the downstream electrode of an argon plasma jet excited by a negatively pulsed *** results indicate that the plume is filamentary when U_(b)is low,which transits to the diffuse plume with increasing U_(b).The discharge initiated at the rising edge of the pulsed voltage is attributed to the diffuse plume,while that at the falling edge contributes to the filament in the *** the diffuse plume,the discharge intensity decreases with the increasing oxygen content(C_o).Fast photography reveals that the diffuse plume results from a negative streamer,which has a dark region near the nozzle with C_o=0%.However,the dark region is absent with C_o=0.5%.From the optical emission spectrum,the electron density,electron excitation temperature,gas temperature,and oxygen atom concentration are investigated.

关键词： atmospheric pressure plasma jet diffuse plasma plume optical emission spectrum

Primary cilia restrict autoinflammation by mediating PD-L1 expression

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2505-2508页

作者： Xiaoyu Tian kaiyue Zhang Renjie Hong Hanyu Wang Xifeng dong Jun Zhou Yunfan Yang Min Liu Center for Cell Structure and Function Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis Haihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemTianjin 300462China

Ciliopathies are multisystem disorders characterized by the dysfunction of motile and/or non-motile cilia,which are microtubule-based structures protruding from the cell surface and function in cell motility and *** clinical manifestations of ciliopathies include retinal degeneration,mental retardation,renal abnormality,obesity,and skeletal dysplasia[1,2].Fibrosis of vital organs,characterized by the extensive deposition of extracellular matrix components,represents another complication frequently observed in patients and animal models of ciliopathies[3].

关键词： inflammation organs degeneration