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Potential utility of liquid biopsies in the management of patients with biliary tract cancers:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第9期13卷 1073-1085页

作者： Rohan Shotton Angela Lamarca Juan Valle Mairéad G mcnamara Department of Medical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester M204BXUnited Kingdom Division of Cancer Sciences School of Medical SciencesFaculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Biliary tract cancer,comprising gallbladder cancer,cholangiocarcinoma and ampullary cancer,represents a more uncommon entity outside high-endemic areas,though global incidence is *** majority of patients present at a late stage,and 5-year survival remains *** stage disease is incurable,and though palliative chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival,further diagnostic and therapeutic options are required in order to improve patient *** certain subtypes of biliary tract cancer are relatively rich in targetable mutations,attaining tumour tissue for histological diagnosis and treatment monitoring is challenging due to locoregional anatomical constraints and patient *** biopsies offer a safe and convenient alternative to invasive procedures and have great potential as diagnostic,predictive and prognostic *** this review,the current standard of care for patients with biliary tract cancer,future treatment horizons and the possible utility of liquid biopsies within a variety of contexts will be *** tumour DNA,circulating microRNA and circulating tumour cells are discussed with an overview of their potential applications in management of biliary tract cancer.A summary is also provided of currently recruiting clinical trials incorporating liquid biopsies within biliary tract cancer research.

关键词： Biliary tract cancer Liquid biopsy Circulating tumour DNA Cell free DNA Circulating tumour cells Biomarkers

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大涡模拟建筑物对近源大气污染物扩散的影响

应用力学学报 2007年第2期24卷 284-288页

作者：汪新 K.F.mcnamara 广东工业大学广州510006 爱尔兰国立大学土木工程系

采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对一个由上风低源排放的烟流在孤立建筑物周围扩散的现象进行了数值模拟。模拟中,离散网格的尺度控制在100倍Kolmogorov湍流尺度的量级以内,亚格子应力由Smagorinsky模型加以模拟,并采用了随机数方法生成符合指定... 详细信息

采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对一个由上风低源排放的烟流在孤立建筑物周围扩散的现象进行了数值模拟。模拟中,离散网格的尺度控制在100倍Kolmogorov湍流尺度的量级以内,亚格子应力由Smagorinsky模型加以模拟,并采用了随机数方法生成符合指定湍流特征的入流边界条件。数值模拟结果表明:建筑物尾流区平均浓度场的分布和大小不仅取决于局地流场的影响,在很大程度上也受到因建筑物阻挡出现的烟流抬升和马蹄涡对烟流的捕获的影响。通过对比风洞试验数据显示:大涡模拟方法能较好地再现气流绕建筑物的流动形态和建筑物周围的浓度分布,因而具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词：大涡模拟空气污染物扩散建筑物影响

Feasibility study of phase-sensitive imaging based on multiple reference optical coherence tomography

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第9期15卷 25-30页

作者： Roshan Dsouza Hrebesh Subhash Kai Neuhaus Paul M.mcnamara Josh Hogan Carol Wilson Martin J.Leahy Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group School of PhysicsNational University of IrelandGalway H91 CF50Ireland Compact Imaging Ireland Ltd. Galway H91 CF50Ireland Colgate-Palmolive Global Technology Centre Piscataway NJ 08855USA Compact Imaging Inc.Mountain View 94043USA Royal College of Surgeons(RCSI) DublinIreland

Multiple reference optical coherence tomography（MR-OCT） is a recently developed, low-cost and compact time-domain OCT solution for primary care and consumer level applications. A combination of a voice coil actuator and a partial mirror（PM） extends the scan range for imaging depths of approximately 1 mm in biological samples. Our previous research on MR-OCT is based only on intensity information obtained from the depth-resolved interference signal. In this Letter, we extract the phase information from the MR-OCT signal and, hence, provide an additional contrast modality. The phase sensitivity of the system is measured to be approximately 0.2 and 1.5 rad for the first and twelfth orders of reflection when using a mirror as the *** Letter describes first results of phase-sensitive data measured on a phantom obtained with MR-OCT. Data from a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane（CAM） is used to demonstrate the feasibility of MR-OCT for in vivo phase-sensitive imaging.

关键词： Feasibility study of phase-sensitive imaging based on multiple reference optical coherence tomography VCM Figure CAM

Can bacterial virulence factors predict antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori infection?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第9期24卷 971-981页

作者： Denise E Brennan Colin Dowd Colm O'Morain Deirdre mcnamara Sinéad M Smith Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin

AIM To evaluate the association between virulence factor status and antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-infected patients in Ireland. METHODS DNA was extracted from antral and corpus biopsies obtained from 165 H. pylori-infected patients. Genotyping for clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone-mediating mutations was performed using the Genotype Helico DR assay. cag A and vac A genotypes were investigated using PCR. RESULTS Primary, secondary and overall resistance rates for clarithromycin were 50.5%(n = 53/105), 78.3%(n = 47/60) and 60.6%(n = 100/165), respectively. Primary, secondary and overall resistance rates for fluoroquinolones were 15.2%(n = 16/105) and 28.3%(n = 17/60) and 20%(n = 33/165), respectively. Resistance to both antibiotics was 12.4%(n = 13/105) in treatment-na?ve patients, 25%(n = 15/60) in those previously treated and 17%(n = 28/165) overall. A cag A-positive genotype was detected in 22.4%(n = 37/165) of patient samples. The dominant vac A genotype was S1/M2 at 44.8%(n = 74/165), followed by S2/M2 at 26.7%(n = 44/165), S1/M1 at 23.6%(n = 39/165) and S2/M1 at 4.8%(n = 8/165). Primary clarithromycin resistance was significantly lower in cag A-positive strains than in cag A-negative strains [32%(n = 8/25) vs 56.3%(n = 45/80); P = 0.03]. Similarly, in patients infected with more virulent H. pylori strains bearing the vac A s1 genotype, primary clarithromycin resistance was significantly lower than in those infected with less virulent strains bearing the vac A s2 genotype, [41%(n = 32/78) vs 77.8%(n = 21/27); P = 0.0001]. No statistically significant association was found between primary fluoroquinolone resistance and virulence factor *** Genotypic H. pylori clarithromycin resistance is high and cag A-negative strains are dominant in our population. Less virulent(cag A-negative and vac A S2-containing) strains of H. pylori are associated with primary clarithromycin resistance.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Fluoroquinolone Clarithromycin Virulence factor VacA CagA

Pakistan-USA Student Dialogue： Using Videoconference for International Civic Engagement

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2014年第4期2卷 244-253页

作者： Patrick mcnamara University of Nebraska Omaha USA

The United States Department of State funded a project focused on civic engagement. The participants were students and faculty at five universities in Pakistan and in the USA. The author is a representative from one of the USA-based universities. In a fortnightly high-definition videoconference dialogue between students at University of Nebraska at Omaha and Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, the goals of deepening understanding, challenging stereotypes and inspiring community change are being met. This paper will present the preliminary results of an ongoing assessment of how this project has resulted in meeting these goals and suggest what can be done in future projects that will better meet the goals. This will add to the emerging literature on civic engagement and conflict resolution by exploring use of cutting edge technology to build trust and understanding across the world＇s divide.

关键词： civic engagement videoconference conflict resolution cutting edge technology

单壁碳纳米管作支撑的杂化金纳米催化剂比TiO_2和炭黑具有更优氧化芳香醇的性能（英文）

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新型炭材料 2017年第3期32卷 242-251,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306页

作者： Anne E Shanahan Mary mcnamara James A Sullivan Hugh J Byrne FOCAS Research Institute Dublin Institute of TechnologyCamden RowDublin 8Republic of Ireland UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology BelfieldDublin4Republic of Ireland

采用原位还原技术制备出以单壁碳纳米管、炭黑(P90)和TiO_2为支撑的3种金纳米复合材料,并通过多种表征手段来探讨物理性能。再将他们作为1-苯基乙醇、2-苯基乙醇和苯甲醇的绿色需氧氧化杂化催化剂来测试稳定性。在所有反应中,与P90和Ti... 详细信息

采用原位还原技术制备出以单壁碳纳米管、炭黑(P90)和TiO_2为支撑的3种金纳米复合材料,并通过多种表征手段来探讨物理性能。再将他们作为1-苯基乙醇、2-苯基乙醇和苯甲醇的绿色需氧氧化杂化催化剂来测试稳定性。在所有反应中,与P90和TiO_2相比,以单壁碳纳米管作支撑的金纳米杂化催化剂呈现出最优的反应效率和特异性。这些金纳米杂化催化剂经多次反应循环后反应活性衰减很小,从而能被重复使用。同时探讨了金纳米杂化催化剂活性高的原因,包括颗粒形貌、尺寸和支撑体性能。可以推断,基底上功能团迁移的位置、支撑材料的性质和活性金纳米颗粒相的颗粒尺寸分布均有助于使这些催化剂在反应中显示出高的选择性。

关键词：芳香的醇金纳米催化剂选择性

The microbiome as a potential diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 752-754页

作者： Roseanna C.Wheatley Juan W.Valle Mairéad G.mcnamara Division of Cancer Sciences School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Medical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a major cause of cancer-related death *** recent advances in treatment options,prognosis remains poor,and data estimates from the United States(US)show that PDAC will surpass colorectal cancer to become the second most common cause of cancer-related death by 2040(1).Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the only potentially curative treatment option for patients with PDAC;however,the majority present with advanced stage,non-resectable *** diagnosis could improve the dismal prognosis for this patient group,but this remains challenging due to numerous factors including a lack of approved biomarkers and screening programmes,and non-specificity or late presentation of symptoms.

关键词： Surgery adenocarcinoma diagnosis

Cerebral microhaemorrhage in COVID-19: a critical illness related phenomenon?

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第4期5卷 315-322页

作者： Luke Dixon Cillian mcnamara Pritika Gaur Dermot Mallon Christopher Coughlan Francesca Tona Wajanat Jan Mark Wilson Brynmor Jones Department of Neuroradiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK Department of Neurosurgery Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK

Background Cerebral microhaemorrhages are increasingly being recognised as a complication of *** observational retrospective study aims to further investigate the potential pathophysiology through assessing the pattern of microhaemorrhage and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and *** comparing with similar patterns of microhaemorrhage in other non-COVID-19 disease,this study aims to propose possible common pathogenic *** A retrospective observational case series was performed identifying all patients with COVID-19 complicated by cerebral microhaemorrhage on *** distribution and number of microhaemorrhages were recorded using the microbleed anatomical scale,and patients’baseline characteristics and salient test results were also *** Cerebral microhaemorrhages were noted to have a predilection for the corpus callosum,the juxtacortical white matter and *** patients had a preceding period of critical illness with respiratory failure and severe hypoxia necessitating intubation and mechanical *** This study demonstrates a pattern of cerebral microhaemorrhage that is similar to the pattern reported in patients with non-COVID-19 related critical illness and other causes of severe *** raises questions regarding whether microhaemorrhage occurs from endothelial dysfunction due the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection or from the secondary effects of critical illness and hypoxia.

关键词： Cerebral pattern critical

纳米金/单壁碳纳米管复合物的制备、表征及其多相催化的潜力(英文)

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新型炭材料 2011年第5期26卷 347-355页

作者： Anne E.Shanahan James A.Sullivan Mary mcnamara Hugh J.Byrne School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Dublin Institute of TechnologyKevin St. Dublin 8Republic of Ireland FOCAS Research Institute Dublin Institute of TechnologyCamden Row Dublin 8Republic of Ireland UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology BelfieldDublin 4Republic of Ireland

制备了一种单壁碳纳米管担载金纳米颗粒复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描透射显微镜、能量色散X射线分析、比表面积分析、激光拉曼光谱和紫外-可见分光光度计等对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:纳米金粒为微晶体,其平均直径为7nm且直径分布... 详细信息

制备了一种单壁碳纳米管担载金纳米颗粒复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描透射显微镜、能量色散X射线分析、比表面积分析、激光拉曼光谱和紫外-可见分光光度计等对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:纳米金粒为微晶体,其平均直径为7nm且直径分布范围较窄。研究了该单壁碳纳米管担载金颗粒对仲醇的无溶剂氧化的活性和选择性,发现其转化效率可达95%。

关键词：单壁碳纳米管纳米金复合物催化作用