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Phenotyping emphysema and airways disease: Clinical value of quantitative radiological techniques

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World Journal of Respirology 2017年第1期7卷 1-16页

作者： Diana Crossley Alice Turner deepak subramanian Centre for Translational Inflam-mation Research Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Royal Derby Hospital

The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and Alpha one antitrypsin deficiency is increasingly recognised as complex such that lung function alone is insufficient for early detection, clinical categorisation and dictating management. Quantitative imaging techniques can detect disease earlier and more accurately, and provide an objective tool to help phenotype patients into predominant airways disease or emphysema. Computed tomography provides detailed information relating to structural and anatomical changes seen in COPD, and magnetic resonance imaging/nuclear imaging gives functional and regional information with regards to ventilation and perfusion. It is likely imaging will become part of routine clinical practice, and an understanding of the implications of the data is essential. This review discusses technical and clinical aspects of quantitative imaging in obstructive airways disease.

关键词： Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Alpha one antitrypsin deficiency Computed tomography Densitometry Phenotype Spirometry Magnetic resonance imaging

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肺PET图像的定量分析:挑战和机遇

中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2019年第11期39卷 698-704页

作者：陈聪霞(译) 李文婵(译) 郭悦(译) 姚稚明(审校者) Delphine L.Chen Joseph Cheriyan Edwin R.Chilvers Gourab Choudhury Christopher Coello Martin Connell Marie Fisk Ashley M.Groves Roger N.Gunn Beverley F.Holman Brian F.Hutton Sarah Lee William MacNee Divya Mohan David Parr deepak subramanian Ruth Tai-Singer Kris Thielemans Edwin J.R.van Beek Laurence Vass Jeremy W.Wellen Ian Wilkinson Frederick J.Wilson 北京医院核医学科、国家老年医学中心 100730 Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouri Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust CambridgeUnited Kingdom Queen's Medical Research Institute University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom Imanova Ltd. London y United Kingdom Institute of Nuclear Medicine University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Medicine Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Medical Image Analysis Consultant LondonUnited Kingdom Clinical Discovery Respiratory Therapy Area UnitGlaxoSmithKline R&DKing of PrussiaPennsylvania University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire CoventryUnited Kingdom Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust DerbyUnited Kingdom Worldwide Research and Development PfizerInc.CambridgeMassachusetts Experimental Medicine Imaging GlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUnited Kingdom

数百万人受呼吸系统疾病的影响,导致巨大的全球性健康困扰。由于目前对导致呼吸系统疾病发展和进展的潜在机制认识不足,治疗选择仍然有限。为克服此局限和理解相关分子变化,将无创影像技术如PET和SPECT用于探索生物标志物,其中18F-脱氧... 详细信息

数百万人受呼吸系统疾病的影响,导致巨大的全球性健康困扰。由于目前对导致呼吸系统疾病发展和进展的潜在机制认识不足,治疗选择仍然有限。为克服此局限和理解相关分子变化,将无创影像技术如PET和SPECT用于探索生物标志物,其中18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET显像的研究最多。由于肺内组织、气体、血液和水的构成比变异,定量分析肺的分子影像数据仍具挑战性。这些成分的比例随着肺部疾病的不同而不同,因此有不同的定量分析方法来显示这种变化,但迄今为止还没有开发出对数据标准化的方法。该文回顾了肺部疾病中18F-FDG PET定量分析方法的数据,聚焦于解释肺内成分变化的方法,解读衍生参数。分析的疾病包括急性呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺间质性疾病如特发性肺纤维化。基于对既往文献、进行中的研究以及作者间讨论的回顾,作者提出了建议性的注意事项,以协助解读从这些方法及未来研究设计中衍生的参数。

关键词：肺肺部炎症分子成像正电子发射计算机断层显像

Non-linear buckling analysis of imperfect thin spherical pressure hull for manned submersible

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2017年第4期2卷 293-300页

作者： SB.Pranesh deepak Kumar V.Anantha subramanian D.Sathianarayanan GA.Ramadass Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India National Institute of Ocean Technology Ministry of Earth SciencesChennai 600100India

Thin spherical pressure hulls are used as a human occupancy in deep water *** and other standards specify the imperfection allowed for pressure *** analyses are carried out to find the buckling pressure for both perfect and imperfect thin spherical pressure hulls,considering the geometric and material *** is observed that there is a huge variation in the elastic and inelastic buckling pressure in perfect spherical pressure ***,if the manufacturing imperfections are considered in the inelastic numerical analysis,still there is a reduction in the buckling *** criteria,for deep water pressure hulls,is that both buckling pressure and yield pressure must be greater than the design *** the elastic analysis,if t/D>0.006 buckling pressure is always greater than the yield pressure whereas in the inelastic analysis,the buckling pressure is falling below the yield pressure for all t/D ***,inelastic numerical analysis with manufacturing imperfection has to considered in the design of deep water spherical pressure hulls of manned submersibles.

关键词： Manned submersible Spherical pressure hull Non-linear Buckling Imperfection Numerical analysis

Comprehensive G?bner Basis Theory for a Parametric Polynomial Ideal and the Associated Completion Algorithm

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2017年第1期30卷 196-233页

作者： KAPUR deepak Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA.

Groebner basis theory for parametric polynomial ideals is explored with the main objec- tive of nfinicking the Groebner basis theory for ideals. Given a parametric polynomial ideal, its basis is a comprehensive GrSbner basis if and only if for every specialization of its parameters in a given field, the specialization of the basis is a GrSbnerbasis of the associated specialized polynomial ideal. For various specializations of parameters, structure of specialized ideals becomes qualitatively different even though there are significant relationships as well because of finiteness properties. Key concepts foundational to GrSbner basis theory are reexamined and/or further developed for the parametric case：（i） Definition of a comprehensive Groebner basis, （ii） test for a comprehensive GrSbner basis, （iii） parameterized rewriting, （iv） S-polynomials among parametric polynomials, （v） completion algorithm for directly computing a comprehensive Groebner basis from a given basis of a parametric ideal. Elegant properties of Groebner bases in the classical ideal theory, such as for a fixed admissible term ordering, a unique GrSbner basis can be associated with every polynomial ideal as well as that such a basis can be computed from any Groebner basis of an ideal, turn out to be a major challenge to generalize for parametric ideals; issues related to these investigations are explored. A prototype implementation of the algorithm has been successfully tried on many examples from the literature.

关键词： Comprehensive GrSbner basis minimal comprehensive GrSbner basis parametric polyno-mial system parametric S-polynomial redundancy.

Conditional Congruence Closure over Uninterpreted and Interpreted Symbols

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第1期32卷 317-355页

作者： KAPUR deepak Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico

A framework for generating congruence closure and conditional congruence closure of ground terms over uninterpreted as well as interpreted symbols satisfying various properties is proposed. It is based on some of the key concepts from Kapur's congruence closure algorithm(RTA97)for ground equations based on introducing new symbols for all nonconstant subterms appearing in the equation set and using ground completion on uninterpreted constants and puri?ed equalities over interpreted symbols belonging to different theories. In the original signature, the resulting rewrite systems may be nonterminating but they still generate canonical forms. A byproduct of this framework is a constant Horn completion algorithm using which ground canonical Horn rewrite systems can be generated for conditional ground *** effcient algorithms for generating congruence closure of conditional and unconditional equations on ground terms over uninterpreted symbols are presented. The complexity of the conditional congruence closure is shown to be O(n*log(n)), which is the same as for unconditional ground *** proposed algorithm is motivated by our attempts to generate effcient and succinct interpolants for the quanti?er-free theory of equality over uninterpreted function symbols which are often a conjunction of conditional equations and need additional simpli?cation. A completion algorithm to generate a canonical conditional rewrite system from ground conditional equations is also presented. The framework is general and ?exible and is used later to develop congruence closure algorithms for cases when function symbols satisfy simple properties such as commutativity, nilpotency, idempotency and identity as well as their combinations. Interesting outcomes include algorithms for canonical rewrite systems for ground equational and conditional theories on uninterpreted and interpreted symbols leading to generation of canonical forms for ground terms, constrained terms and Horn equat

关键词： Completion congruence closure conditional congruence closure intepreted symbols rewrit-ing uninterpreted symbols

Impact of surface Albedo on Martian photochemistry

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第3期4卷 206-211页

作者： deepak Singh Physical Research Laboratory AhmedabadIndia

Solar energy is the primary driving force behind a planet’s climate system,and surface albedo plays a key role in determining the energy budget of the *** the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SNICAR)with the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique(LMD)Mars General Circulation Model(MGCM)to create a new coupled model leads to an approximately 4%drop in the net CO2 ice deposition on *** simulated surface albedo affects the concentration of gaseous species in the Martian atmosphere(condensation-sublimation cycle).The new set-up also impacts the solar energy available in the *** two effects together lead to subsequent and significant changes in other chemical species in the Martian *** with results of the MGCM model alone,in the new coupled model CO2(gas)and O3 show a drop of about 1.17%and 8.59%in their respective concentrations,while H2O(vapor)and CO show an increase of about 13.63%and 0.56%in their respective *** trace species,OH shows a maximum increase of about 29.44%,while the maximum drop of 11.5%is observed in the O *** neutral species such as Ar and N2 remain unaffected by the albedo changes.

关键词： Mars Albedo snow photochemistry climate modelling

Effectiveness of state incentives for promoting wind energy： A panel data examination

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第3期9卷 247-258页

作者： deepak SANGROYA Jogendra NAYAK Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology IIT Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India

Over the last decade, India has started to concentrate earnestly on renewable energy. The Indian government, as well as different state governments, are adopting policy instruments such as feed in tariff, captive consumption, renewable purchase obligation and genera- tion based incentive etc. aimed at renewable energy development. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of state level incentives for the development of wind energy in India. Fixed effect panel data modelling technique of econometric analysis is used to analyse the data of 26 Indian states in 11 years. The results show that feed in tariff and captive consumption are the significant predictors of wind energy development. However, renewable purchase obligation does not affect wind energy significantly.

关键词： India wind energy development state incen-tives econometric analysis panel data

Design optimization of first wall and breeder unit module size for the Indian HCCB blanket module

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第6期20卷 200-210页

作者： deepak SHARMA Paritosh CHAUDHURI Institute for Plasma Research Bhat Gandhinagar Gujarat-382428 India

The Indian test blanket module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in the Indian fusion reactor program for carrying out the R＆D activities in the critical areas like design of tritium breeding blankets relevant to future Indian fusion devices（ITER relevant and DEMO）.The Indian Lead–Lithium Cooled Ceramic Breeder（LLCB） blanket concept is one of the Indian DEMO relevant TBM,to be tested in ITER as a part of the TBM ***-Cooled Ceramic Breeder（HCCB） is an alternative blanket concept that consists of lithium titanate（Li_2TiO_3） as ceramic breeder（CB） material in the form of packed pebble beds and beryllium as the neutron ***,attentions are given to the optimization of first wall coolant channel design and size of breeder unit module considering coolant pressure and thermal loads for the proposed Indian HCCB blanket based on ITER relevant TBM and loading *** analyses will help proceeding further in designing blankets for loads relevant to the future fusion device.

关键词： first wall blanket breeder unit thermal hydraulics structural analysis HCCB(helium-cooled ceramic breeder)

ON INVARIANT CHECKING

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第3期26卷 470-482页

作者： ZHANG Zhihai KAPUR deepak School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico

Checking whether a given formula is an invariant at a given program location(especially,inside a loop) can be quite nontrivial even for simple loop programs,given that it is in general an undecidable *** is especially the case if the given formula is not an inductive loop invariant,as most automated techniques can only check or generate inductive loop *** this paper,conditions are identified on simple loops and formulas when this check can be performed automatically.A general theorem is proved which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a formula to be an invariant under certain restrictions on a *** a byproduct of this analysis,a new kind of loop invariant inside the loop body,called inside-loop invariant,is *** an invariant is more general than an inductive loop invariant typically used in the Floyd-Hoare axiomatic approach to program *** use of such invariants for program debugging is explored;it is shown that such invariants can be more useful than traditional inductive loop invariants especially when one is interested in checking extreme/side conditions such as underflow,accessing array/collection data structures outside the range,divide by zero,etc.

关键词： Assertion Floyd-Hoare logic invariant invariant generation.