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Approach to medical therapy in perianal crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3693-3704页

作者： Abhinav Vasudevan david H Bruining Edward V Loftus Jr William Faubion Eric c Ehman Laura Raffals Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Perianal crohn’s disease remains a challenging condition to treat and can have a substantial negative impact on quality of *** often requires combined surgical and medical ***-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF)therapy,including infliximab and adalimumab,remain preferred medical therapies for perianal crohn’s *** has been shown to be efficacious in improving fistula closure rates in randomized controlled *** can be faced with a number of questions relating to the optimal use of anti-TNF therapy in perianal crohn’s *** issues include evaluation for the presence of perianal sepsis,the treatment target of therapy,the ideal time to commence treatment,whether additional medical therapy should be used in conjunction with anti-TNF therapy,and the duration of *** article will discuss key studies which can assist clinicians in addressing these matters when they are considering or have already commenced anti-TNF therapy for the treatment of perianal crohn’s *** will also discuss current evidence regarding the use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients who are failing to achieve a response to anti-TNF therapy for perianal crohn’s ***,new therapies such as local injection of mesenchymal stem cell therapy will be discussed.

关键词： Fistula Biologics Inflammatory bowel disease Surgery Stem cells Infliximab Ustekinumab

MicroRNA profile in neosquamous esophageal mucosa following ablation of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5508-5518页

作者： Loveena Sreedharan George c Mayne david I Watson Timothy Bright Reginald V Lord Alfiya Ansar Tingting Wang Jakob Kist david StJ Astill Damian J Hussey Department of Surgery Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University St Vincent’s centre for Applied Medical Research Department of Anatomical Pathology Flinders Medical Centre

To investigate the microRNA expression profile in esophageal neosquamous epithelium from patients who had undergone ablation of Barrett’s esophagus. METHODSHigh throughput screening using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA quantitative PcR was used to determine expression levels of 754 microRNAs in distal esophageal mucosa (1 cm above the gastro-esophageal junction) from 16 patients who had undergone ablation of non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus using argon plasma coagulation vs pretreatment mucosa, post-treatment proximal normal non-treated esophageal mucosa, and esophageal mucosal biopsies from 10 controls without Barrett’s esophagus. Biopsies of squamous mucosa were also taken from 5 cm above the pre-ablation squamo-columnar junction. Predicted mRNA target pathway analysis was used to investigate the functional involvement of differentially expressed microRNAs. RESULTSForty-four microRNAs were differentially expressed between control squamous mucosa vs post-ablation neosquamous mucosa. Nineteen microRNAs were differentially expressed between post-ablation neosquamous and post-ablation squamous mucosa obtained from the more proximal non-treated esophageal segment. Twelve microRNAs were differentially expressed in both neosquamous vs matched proximal squamous mucosa and neosquamous vs squamous mucosa from healthy patients. Nine microRNAs (miR-424-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-98-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-34c-5p, miR-223-5p, miR-539-5p, miR-376a-3p, miR-409-3p) were expressed at higher levels in post-ablation neosquamous mucosa than in matched proximal squamous and healthy squamous mucosa. These microRNAs were also more highly expressed in Barrett’s esophagus mucosa than matched proximal squamous and squamous mucosa from controls. Target prediction and pathway analysis suggests that these microRNAs may be involved in the regulation of cell survival signalling pathways. Three microRNAs (miR-187-3p, miR-135b-5p and miR-31-5p) were expressed at higher levels in post-

关键词： Neosquamous Barrett’s esophagus Ablation

Superhydrophobic modification of cellulose and cotton textiles:Methodologies and applications

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2020年第1期5卷 1-15页

作者： david W.Wei Haiying Wei Alec c.Gauthier Junlong Song Yongcan Jin Huining Xiao Department of chemical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials and Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Sci&Tech.Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037China

Superhydrophobic cellulose-based products have immense potential in many industries where plastics and other polymers with hydrophobic properties are *** cellulose-based plastic is inherently biodegradable,renewable and *** a suitable replace-ment of plastics is highly desired since plastics has become an environmental *** its inherent hydrophilicity,cellulose has unparalleled advantages as a substrate for the produc-tion of superhydrophobic materials which has been widely used in self-cleaning,self-healing,oil and water separation,electromagnetic interference shielding,*** review includes a compre-hensive survey of the progress achieved so far in the production of super-hydrophobic materials based on cellulose and fiber *** methodologies and applications of superhydrophobic-modified cellulose and fiber networks are ***,presented herein is targeting on summarizing some of the aspects that are critical to advance this evolving field of science which may provide new ideas for the developing and exploring of superhydrophobic and green-based materials.

关键词： cellulose Superhydrophobic modification cotton textile Methodologies Applications

An investigation into the potential of Gabor wavelet features for scene classification in wild blueberry fields

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 72-81页

作者： Gashaw Ayalew Qamar Uz Zaman Arnold W.Schumann david c.Percival Young Ki chang Independent Researcher ThoroldON L2V 1Z8Canada Engineering Department Dalhousie University Faculty of AgricultureTruroNS B2N 5E3Canada citrus Research and Education centre University of FloridaLake AlfredFL33850USA Plant Animal and Environmental Sciences DepartmentDalhousie University Faculty of AgricultureTruroNS B2N 5E3Canada

A Gabor wavelets based technique was investigated as a potential tool for scene classification(into one of bare patch,plant,or weed)for its ultimate utility in site-specific application of agrochemicals inwild blueberry *** were gathered from five sites located in central Nova Scotia,*** wavelet features extracted from these images were used to classify scenes according to visually determined classes using step-wise linear discriminant *** individual fields,classification accuracy attained ranged between 87.9%and 98.3%;selected Gabor features ranged between 27 and 72;contextual accuracy for herbicide ranged between 67.5%and 96.7%,and contextual accuracy for fertilizer ranged between 63.6%and 97.1%.The pooled scenes yielded a classification accuracy of 81.4%,and contextual accuracy figures of 61.1%and 73.1%for herbicide and fertilizer,respectively,with selected Gabor features of *** based on LDA coefficients from the pooled scenes could help avoid the need to re-calibrate for each field,whereas those based on individual field LDA coefficients could improve accuracy,hence enable saving on expensive agrochemicals.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Wild blueberry computer vision Machine learning Discriminant analysis Precision agriculture

Hypo-endemic onchocerciasis hotspots: defining areas of high risk through micro-mapping and environmental delineation

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 283-289页

作者： Louise A.Kelly-Hope Thomas R.Unnasch Michelle c.Stanton david H.Molyneux Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK University of South Florida TampaFloridaUSA

Background:Onchocerciasis(river blindness)caused by the parasite Onchocercavolvulus and transmitted by riverine Simulium spp.(Black flies)is targeted for elimination in *** is a significant change in strategy from the‘control’of meso-and hyper-endemic areas through mass drug administration(MDA)with Mectizan®(ivermectin),to the‘elimination’in all endemic areas where a range of interventions may be *** most significant challenges of elimination in low transmission or hypo-endemic areas are ***,there are vast remote areas where the focality of low transmission is relatively ***,the treatment with ivermectin increases the risk of serious adverse events(SAEs)in individuals with high parasitaemias of Loa loa,a filarial parasite widespread in central and West Africa,which causes Tropical eye worm and transmitted by chrysops spp.(Deer flies).Discussion:We therefore propose novel mapping approaches using remote sensing satellite and modelled environmental data to be used in combination with rapid field surveys to help resolve the problems of targeting the expansion of onchocerciasis elimination activities in *** co-endemic ***,we demonstrate that micro-stratification overlap mapping(MOM)of available onchocerciasis and loiasis prevalence maps can be used to identify 12 key high risk areas,where low *** high *** transmission overlap,which we define as“hypo-endemic hotspots”.Second we show that integrated micro-mapping of prevalence data,and the use of environmental data to delineate riverine and forest risk factors associated with Simulium *** chrysops *** habitats can further help to define target intervention areas *** hotspots within hotspots,to help avoid the risk of ***:These mapping examples demonstrate the value of bringing prevalence,entomological and ecological information together to develop maps for planned implementation and targeted *** is critical as better ma

关键词： Onchocerciasis River blindness Loa loa Loiasis Severe adverse events Mapping Elimination Environment Africa

characterizing Uncertainty in city-Wide Disaster Recovery through Geospatial Multi-Lifeline Restoration Modeling of Earthquake Impact in the District of North Vancouver

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第6期11卷 807-820页

作者： Andrew Deelstra david Bristow Department of civil Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8P 5C2Canada

Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a *** cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more *** to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of ***,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this *** approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 *** model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport *** model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency *** of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road *** this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.

关键词： city-wide earthquake recovery Disaster loss and impact assessment Multi-infrastructure restoration Risk modeling and simulation Vulnerability and resilience analysis

An experimental and theoretical investigation of a small,high aspect-ratio,free-piston,two-stroke engine

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第4期9卷 326-343页

作者： chiluwata E.Lungu Mael Disseau Daniel c.Stubbs Jechiel Jagoda david E.Scarborough General Electric company GreenvilleSouth Carolina29615USA Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGeorgia30332USA Truett Mcconnel University ClevelandGeorgia30528USA Auburn University AuburnAlabama36849USA

This paper presents a design for a novel,palm sized,high-aspect-ratio *** simplify fabrication and keep the device unobtrusive,a design incorporating a two-cycle engine having a flat,rectangular piston with spring return was *** experimental engine based on this concept producing a significant amount of useful work was *** results were encouraging,this geometry raised many issues to be investigated and resolved,including the effects of piston sealing,scavenging,heat losses,and combustion *** to the complex interplay between these effects,experimental investigation was time consuming and simple models were found to be ***,a more complex theoretical model accounting for these effects was developed and used to evaluate the sensitivity of engine performance to each of these *** predictions of this model were used to develop recommendations for improving the experimentally developed engine.

关键词： Micro-combustion Power generation Free-piston engine Internal combustion engine Palm power

Evaluation of formation susceptibility and sand production potential in an offshore field,Niger Delta Basin,Nigeria

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： david O.Ubuara Yinka A.Olayinka Godwin O.Emujakporue Geoffrey c.Soronnadi-Ononiwu Department of Geology University of Port HarcourtNigeria Mease Energy Nigeria Limited Port HarcourtNigeria Department of Geology University of IbadanNigeria Department of Physics University of Port HarcourtNigeria

Wellbore instability and sand production are all common challenges in the Niger Delta oil province,resulting in high drilling and production cost as well as damage to oil *** vulnerability of lithologic formations to wellbore instability and resultant sand production is investigated in the four delineated reservoirs of the“Areo”field,western part of Niger Delta *** foundation for establishing the geomechanical properties in this study was a 1-dimensional mechanical earth model,using gamma ray(GR),density(RHOB),compressional slowness(DTc),and shear slowness(DTS)*** the Areo oil field,two wells(well 001 and well 002)were *** evaluated formations are still primarily composed of compacted shale and unconsolidated sandstone,with reservoir sand units exhibiting lower elastic and rock strength properties than shale *** compressibility and porosity make sand more brittle,while low compressibility and porosity make shale stiffer due to high *** maximum force that can be applied to a shale unit without causing it to fail is 17.23 MPa,which is the maximum average rock strength of the *** means that shale requires more vertical stress or pressure than sand does in order to deform it(15.06 MPa).The three sand prediction approaches used in the analysis of sand production predictions have cut-off values that are higher than the average values of the *** Schlumberger sand production index method(S/I)indicates that the reservoir has potential for sand influx in the two wells,with the average of the four reservoirs studied in wells 001 and 002 being 1.551012 psi and 1.141012 psi ***,when a formation's sand production index is less than 1.241012 psi,as it is in this study,the formation is likely to produce *** findings support the notion that the defined sandstone units are highly unconsolidated and have a high potential for producing sands;therefore,sand control techniques must be factored in

关键词： Wireline log Stress Geo-mechanicanical characterization Sand prediction Niger delta

An in vitro investigation of photodynamic efficacy of FosPeg■ on human colon cancer cells

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第5期8卷 86-93页

作者： Ricky W.K.Wu Ellie S.M.chu Zheng Huang Malini c.Olivo david c.W.Ip christine M.N.Yow Medical Laboratory Science Department of Health Technology&Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHKSARChina Department of Medical Science Tung Wah CollegeHKSARChina college of Photonic&Electronic Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China University of colorado Denver cancer center COUSA Department of Pharmacy National University of SingaporeSingapore

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a novel therapeutic approach for combating various *** involves the administration of a photosensitizer which generates singlet oxygen after light ***■ is the liposomal formulation of *** this in vitro study,the photodynamic efficacy of FosPeg■ on a human colon cancer cell line(HT29)was investigated via studying the cellular uptake of FosPeg■,FosPeg■ PDT mediated photocytotoxicity and the cell death mechanism were ***■ PDT demonstrated its antitumor effect in a drug and light dose-dependent manner in HT-29 *** dose(LD50)was achieved with 0.4g/mL of drug and 3 J/cm^(2) of light ***■ PDT triggered apoptotic cell death via activating caspase cascade and regulating cell cycle *** conclusion,FosPegr-PDT is an effective measure to combat human colon cancer cells.

关键词： FosPeg■ HT-29 apoptosis caspase-3