Hypo-endemic onchocerciasis hotspots: defining areas of high risk through micro-mapping and environmental delineation

作     者：Louise A.Kelly-Hope Thomas R.Unnasch Michelle C.Stanton David H.Molyneux 

作者机构：Liverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA 

出 版 物：《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》 (贫困所致传染病（英文）)

年 卷 期：2015年第4卷第1期

页      面：283-289页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 09[农学] 

基　　金：We acknowledge the grant support from the UK Department for International Development(DFID)and GSK(GlaxoSmithKline)to the Filarial Programmes Support Unit(FPSU)(formerly known as the Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases) Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a global public health problem 

主　　题：Onchocerciasis River blindness Loa loa Loiasis Severe adverse events Mapping Elimination Environment Africa 

摘      要：Background:Onchocerciasis(river blindness)caused by the parasite Onchocercavolvulus and transmitted by riverine Simulium spp.(Black flies)is targeted for elimination in *** is a significant change in strategy from the‘control’of meso-and hyper-endemic areas through mass drug administration(MDA)with Mectizan®(ivermectin),to the‘elimination’in all endemic areas where a range of interventions may be *** most significant challenges of elimination in low transmission or hypo-endemic areas are ***,there are vast remote areas where the focality of low transmission is relatively ***,the treatment with ivermectin increases the risk of serious adverse events(SAEs)in individuals with high parasitaemias of Loa loa,a filarial parasite widespread in Central and West Africa,which causes Tropical eye worm and transmitted by Chrysops spp.(Deer flies).Discussion:We therefore propose novel mapping approaches using remote sensing satellite and modelled environmental data to be used in combination with rapid field surveys to help resolve the problems of targeting the expansion of onchocerciasis elimination activities in *** co-endemic ***,we demonstrate that micro-stratification overlap mapping(MOM)of available onchocerciasis and loiasis prevalence maps can be used to identify 12 key high risk areas,where low *** high *** transmission overlap,which we define as“hypo-endemic hotspots.Second we show that integrated micro-mapping of prevalence data,and the use of environmental data to delineate riverine and forest risk factors associated with Simulium *** Chrysops *** habitats can further help to define target intervention areas *** hotspots within hotspots,to help avoid the risk of ***:These mapping examples demonstrate the value of bringing prevalence,entomological and ecological information together to develop maps for planned implementation and targeted *** is critical as better ma