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Gridded 20-year climate parameterization of Africa and South America for a stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN)

Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 349-374页

作者： Andrew Fullhart Guillermo E.Ponce-Campos Menberu B.Meles Ryan P.McGehee Gerardo Armendariz Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Cristiano Das Neves Almeida José C.de Araújo Werner Nel David C.Goodrich Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMSBrazil Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Federal University of ParaíbaJoao PessoaPBBrazil Federal University of Fortaleza Department of Agricultural EngineeringFortalezaBrazil Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

CLIGEN is a stochastic weather generator that creates statistically representative timeseries of daily and sub-daily point-scale weather variables from observed monthly statistics and other parameters. CLIGEN precipitation timeseries are used as climate input for various risk-assessment modelling applications as an alternative to observe long-term, high temporal resolution records. Here, we queried gridded global climate datasets (TerraClimate, ERA5, GPM-IMERG, and GLDAS) to estimate various 20-year climate statistics and obtain complete CLIGEN input parameter sets with coverage of the African and South American continents at 0.25 arc degree resolution. The estimation of CLIGEN precipitation parameters was informed by a ground-based dataset of >10,000 locations worldwide. The ground observations provided target values to fit regression models that downscale CLIGEN precipitation input parameters. Aside from precipitation parameters, CLIGEN’s parameters for temperature, solar radiation, etc. were in most cases directly calculated according to the original global datasets. Cross-validation for estimated precipitation parameters quantified errors that resulted from applying the estimation approach in a predictive fashion. Based on all training data, the RMSE was 2.23 mm for the estimated monthly average single-event accumulation and 4.70 mm/hr for monthly maximum 30-min intensity. This dataset facilitates exploration of hydrological and soil erosional hypotheses across Africa and South America.

关键词： Climate CLIGEN Africa South America

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Assessment of performance for a key indicator of One Health:evidence based on One Health index for zoonoses in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 74-86页

作者： Han‑Qing Zhao Si‑Wei Fei Jing‑Xian Yin Qin Li Tian‑Ge Jiang Zhao‑Yu Guo Jing‑Bo Xue Le‑Fei Han Xiao‑Xi Zhang Shang Xia Yi Zhang Xiao‑Kui Guo Kokouvi Kassegne Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China One Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of EdinburghShang‑hai 200025People’s Republic of China National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Trop‑ical Diseases Research) National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China(NHC)Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborat‑ing Center for Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China.

Background:Zoonoses are public health threats that cause severe damage worldwide.Zoonoses constitute a key indicator of One Health(OH)and the OH approach is being applied for zoonosis control programmes of zoonotic diseases.In a very recent study,we developed an evaluation system for OH performance through the global OH index(GOHI).This study applied the GOHI to evaluate OH performance for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods:The framework for the OH index on zoonoses(OHIZ)was constructed including five indicators,15 subindicators and 28 datasets.Publicly available data were referenced to generate the OHIZ database which included both qualitative and quantitative indicators for all sub-Sahara African countries(n=48).The GOHI algorithm was used to estimate scores for OHIZ.Indicator weights were calculated by adopting the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process.Results:Overall,five indicators associated with weights were generated as follows:source of infection(23.70%),route of transmission(25.31%),targeted population(19.09%),capacity building(16.77%),and outcomes/case studies(15.13%).Following the indicators,a total of 37 sub-Sahara African countries aligned with OHIZ validation,while 11 territories were excluded for unfit or missing data.The OHIZ average score of sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 53.67/100.The highest score was 71.99 from South Africa,while the lowest score was 40.51 from Benin.It is also worth mentioning that Sub-Sahara African countries had high performance in many subindicators associated with zoonoses,e.g.,surveillance and response,vector and reservoir interventions,and natural protected areas,which suggests that this region had a certain capacity in control and prevention or responses to zoonotic events.Conclusions:This study reveals that it is possible to perform OH evaluation for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa by OHIZ.Findings from this study provide preliminary research information in advancing knowledge of the evidenced risks to strengthen strategies for effective control of zoonoses and

关键词： One Health index One Health performance Zoonoses Sub-Saharan Africa

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Feasibility of electric two and three-wheelers in Africa

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2023年第4期2卷 13-27页

作者： Godwin Kafui Ayetor Innocent Mbonigaba Joseph Mashele Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre KNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Mechanical Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic/Integrated Polytechnic Regional CollegeKigaliRwanda University of South Africa South Africa National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications South Africa

Due to the less stringent emission technology requirement,motorized two and three-wheelers(2&3W)generate more pollutants than cars.About 20%of the world's registered motorcycles are known to be in Africa.Vehicle pollution is one of the major causes of death and health problems in Africa.The electrification of transportation provides an opportunity for E2&3W in Africa.To assess this transition,this study quantifies the number of E2&3W present in some African countries.Surveys of electric vehicle start-ups,drivers,and owner experiences are used to determine the E2&3W's technical feasibility and ability to compete with petrol scooters(p-scooters).SimaPro 9.4 software together with Ecoinvent 3.8 database was used to conduct a cradle-to-the-grave analysis of the environmental impact of using electric scooters(e-scooters).The research found that Africa's E2&3W's have a 0.2%market share compared to gasoline versions.The main disadvantage of e-scooters is their limited range and battery life.The average range and speed are 50 km and 50 km/h,respectively.Overloading of E2&3W caused damage to traction motors and was of major concern to distributors.The main advantages of E2&3W are their low operating costs and low environmental impact.In South Africa,the total environmental impact of e-scooters outweighed that of p-scooters.Emissions that have a direct impact on human health,were significantly lower for e-scooters than for p-scooters.The lack of battery performance standards,battery swapping station standards,and charging station standards negatively affects the quality of imported e-scooters.African countries need to implement electric vehicle standards,and battery recycling policies,and establish electric vehicle training and research centers.

关键词： E-mobility Electric vehicle Africa Electric two wheelers Electric three wheelers

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Evolution and influencing factors of the transnational investment network of China–Africa international cooperation parks

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第11期32卷 2205-2228页

作者： ZHAO Shengbo WANG Xingping LI Kailun LI Yingcheng School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Center for International Collaboration and Research on Development and Planning of Sustainable Industrial Parks Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method.The number of CAICPs is increasing.Textiles and apparel,agricultural and food processing,trade logistics and management,building materials and construction,and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing are the leading industries chosen by most CAICPs.These parks have promoted the economic and social development of African countries,driving the urbanization of the regions in which the parks are located,and they have also benefited China.The network of CAICPs involves China,African countries,and third-party investors.The network is becoming increasingly complex and has an increasingly high density.However,the key node countries and provincial units remain relatively stable despite changes in the network structure.The center of gravity of the network has shown noticeable deviations and regression,and inter-provincial investment cooperation has also been increasing.China–Africa cooperation drives the evolution of the network.In China,the investment of enterprises in Africa is affected by domestic policy,economic pursuit,and investment security.In Africa,the development of CAICPs is driven by development policies and achievements,and it is influenced by African countries’business environments.

关键词： China Africa industrial park investment network

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Recent Trends and Challenges with COVID-19—Africa,April 4,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第21期2卷 365-369页

作者： Xiaochun Wang Shuo Chen Feng Tan George F.Gao Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since the first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported,the current epidemic in Africa has rapidly increased.What is added by this report?As of April 4,2020,a total of 7,405 confirmed cases and 305 deaths had been reported from 51 countries across Africa.The cumulative number of reported COVID-19 cases varied among the five regions of Africa,of which northern Africa reported the largest number of confirmed cases.The five countries with the highest number of cases are South Africa,Algeria,Egypt,Morocco,and Tunisia.What are the implications for public health practice?

关键词： fir Africa COV

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Four COVID-19 Cases of New Variant B.1.351 First Emerging in South Africa in Chinese Passengers on Same Flight-Shenzhen,China,January 2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第8期3卷 175-177页

作者： Cong Cheng Lei Wang Ziquan Lyu Bo Peng Yinghui Li Dongfeng Kong Le Zuo Xiaomin Zhang Chao Yang Weiwen Liu Jia Wan Yijun Tang Junjia He Ying Wen Shule Xu Weihua Wu Ying Chen Guangnan Liu Junjie Xia Xuan Zou Renli Zhang Qinghua Hu Shujiang Mei Tiejian Feng Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina Microbiology Laboratory Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina Institute of pathogenic biology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShenzhenGuangdongChina.

At 04∶50 on January 1,2021,a 36-year-old Chinese project manager(Case A),a 29-year-old Chinese worker(Case B),and a 53-year-old Chinese businessman(Case C)returned from Africa(Case A and B from South Africa and Case C from Lesotho)on the same flight and tested coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)RNA positive by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)by Baoan District People’s Hospital.Shenzhen CDC received their oral nasopharyngeal swabs packages from the hospital and retested COVID-19 RNA positive at 09∶50.Meanwhile,Case D.

关键词： Africa COV worker

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The status of Earth Observation(EO)&Geo-Information Sciences in Africa-trends and challenges

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第1期23卷 107-123页

作者： Tsehaie Woldai School of Geosciences University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Over the last 20 years,Africa has witnessed a slow but steady advancement in space-based technologies as they are increasingly recognized as an essential tool for decision-making that can leapfrog African development.A critical review on the outcome of a survey questionnaire focused on African private sector industries and universities,services and education/training in EO and Geo-Information Sciences,combined with literature review,and personal contacts reveal optimism for success in four sectors.These include the public sector(Government ministries and departments);Academic institutions(universities/colleges/national or regional centers);and space agencies and private sector companies.These sectors are intertwined and fundamental for creating an enabling environment for solutions to a broad spectrum of pressing priorities:job creation,poverty alleviation,and sustainable resource management.The result shows that there is an uptake in the number of institutions and market segments created.To date,there are more than 90 academic institutions and over 53 national space agencies in 28 countries.Within the 53 national space agencies,11 African countries have already launched a total of 36 satellites into orbit,and additional five are expected by the first quarter of 2021;another five by 2025;thus,amounting to 46 satellites not foreseen ten years ago.In addition,there are now ten receiving and tracking stations in six African countries and 17 scientific National Associations or Societies with specialized expertise in Geo-Information technologies.The updated survey on the private sector in 2019 ascertained that around 4110 people are working in 130 of the 229 EO and Geo-Information Science companies identified in Africa.Ongoing investigations reiterate that companies dealing with space-based datasets and Geo-Information Sciences together with the private spin-off companies today absorb more than 15,000 people and the assumption is that this number is going to exceed 100,000 by the year 2025.

关键词： Africa Earth Observation Geo-Information Sciences space agencies satellites academic institutions private-public sector

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Coping with COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa:What Might the Future Hold?

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第6期35卷 875-884页

作者： Franck J.D.Mennechet Guy R.Takoudjou Dzomo Institute of Molecular Genetic of Montpellier CNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier 34090France University Hospital Complex the"Bon Samaritain" N’DjamenaBP 456Republic of Chad

The African COVID-19 Scenario On December 31st,2019 an unexplained case of pneumonia was reported in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China(Zhou et al.2020).On January 9th,2020,Chinese authorities and the World Health Organization(WHO)officially announced the discovery of a new type of coronavirus called SARS-Co V-2 that causes the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)。

关键词： COV Africa authorities

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Spatial analysis of synergies and trade-offs between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 220-231页

作者： Adams Osman Emmanuel Abeashi Mensah Collins Adjei Mensah Yaw Asamoah Suleman Dauda Kofi Adu-Boahen Charles Atanga Adongo Department of Geography Education Faculty of Social Sciences EducationUniversity of EducationWinnebaP.O.Box 25WinnebaGhana Department of Geography and Regional Planning Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Schools of Tourism and Hospitality University of JohannesburgP.O.Box 524Auckland Park 2006South Africa Emperiks Research Limited Cape Coast Stadium AvenueCape CoastGhana

Challenges faced by African countries in achieving the goals of sustainable development are similar and trans-boundary. Previous analysis of Africa’s progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has largely beennon-spatial, reducing the ability to find spatial relationships between countries and SDGs to help cooperationand proffer country-specific interventions. This study adopted techniques of exploratory and inferential spatialstatistics to assess the successes of African countries from 2016 to 2020 in achieving the goals of sustainable de-velopment. Also, the study sought to understand how the spatial synergies and trade-offs between SDGs vary percountry and time. The results revealed that spatial hotspots of countries with high SDGs scores were mostly con-fined to northern African countries with significant coldspots within central and eastern Africa and few patchesin western and southern Africa for 2016. In 2020, the number of countries forming hotspots reduced, with Cen-tral African countries as significant cold spots. Five main spatial relationships: positive linear, negative linear,concave, convex and undefined complex, were found among countries and the SDGs. However, these spatialrelationships were fluid as they changed over time and with different levels of influence from 2016 to 2020.The study concludes that generic solutions and policies by development agencies, governments, developmentfinance instiutions and other impact investors will not be enough in achieving the SDGs because of the spatialheterogeneity of the continent. Tailored and country-specific policies based on results of spatial statistics matter.

关键词： Africa Development Sustainable development Spatial analysis Hotspots Random forest

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Fluoride ions in groundwater of the Turkana County, Kenya, East Africa

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第6期40卷 945-960页

作者： Piotr Rusiniak Klaudia Sekuła Ondra Sracek Piotr Stopa Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Faculty of GeologyGeophysics and Environmental ProtectionAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Av30-059 KrakòwPoland Department of Geology Faculty of SciencePalacky University Olomouc17.listopadu 1277146 OlomoucCzech Republic

Groundwater samples were evaluated throughout Turkana County(Kenya,East Africa)while looking for drinking water sources.Some samples showed high concentrations of fluoride with values in the range of 0.15–5.87 mg/L.Almost 50%of the samples exceeded the WHO and Kenyan potable water standard guideline value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water quality.The hydrogeochemical studies revealed that the dominant cation in water is Na^(+)and the dominant anion is HCO_(3)^(-)resulting in Na-HCO_(3) type of groundwater,followed by Ca/Mg-HCO_(3) or Na-SO_(4) and Na-Cl in a few cases.Speciation modelling revealed that the groundwater is undersaturated with respect to gypsum and anhydrite,mostly undersaturated with respect to fluorite(6 samples are at equilibrium),and supersaturated or at equilibrium with respect to calcite(CaCO_(3)).Precipitation of calcite favours the dissolution of F-rich minerals in the alkaline medium.Simultaneously,groundwater is enriched with sodium and bicarbonate,probably as a result of chemical weathering of Na-feldspar.Investigated groundwater can be presumably used for drinking purposes from 17 wells,but a detailed investigation of other trace element concentrations is necessary.

关键词： Africa Kenya Fluoride Groundwater Drinking water Speciation calculation

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