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Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and localized resection for colorectal neoplasia

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World j.urnal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2010年第6期2卷 199-202页

作者： Ronan A cahill Neil j.Mortensen Department of Colorectal Surgery John Radcliffe Hospital

Modern methods of surgical intervention have the potential to provide effective,definitive management of early stage colorectal neoplasia by truly minimally invasive ***-free clearance of early colonic neoplasia from within the intestinal lumen can already now be effected by endoscopic submucosal dissection in the colon and transluminal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) in the *** orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) offers the potential for providing transmural,full thickness excision as TEM does but at sites in the colon proximal to the *** next conceptual advance required to make this practice an effective reality lies in evolving surgical regional staging strategies to effectively partner localized resective approaches and allow their deployment as definitive curative *** the most compelling modality for nodal status ascertainment in the absence of lymphatic basin excision for other malignant disease processes,it seems timely to reconsider sentinel node biopsy in cancer of the colon and *** by this means or indeed any other,such an ability to confidently identify patients with node negative disease would allow nascent innovative techniques flourish as definitive management for confined(N0) T1 and T2 cancers and so allow the application of available advanced technology for clinical ***,the development of a specific clinical niche for NOTES(whether,as here,for full thickness localized colonic excision or nodal staging alone) would greatly benefit the evolution and incorporation of this surgical strategy into clinical care paradigms.

关键词： Natural orifice transluminal endoscopy Early stage colorectal neoplasia Colorectal cancer Minimal invasive surgery Laparoendoscopic surgery Endoscopy

Heart failure after myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention:Mechanisms,incidence and identification of patients at risk

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World j.urnal of Cardiology 2017年第5期9卷 407-415页

作者： Thomas j.cahill Raj.sh K Kharbanda Oxford Heart Centre John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX3 9DUUnited Kingdom

Myocardial infarction(MI) remains the most common cause of heart failure(HF) worldwide. For almost 50 years HF has been recognised as a determinant ofadverse prognosis after MI, but efforts to promote myocardial repair have failed to translate into clinical therapies. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) has driven improved early survival after MI, but its impact on the incidence of downstream HF is debated. The effects of PPCI are confounded by the changing epidemiology of MI and HF, with an ageing patient demographic, an increasing proportion of non-STelevation myocardial infarction, and the recognition of HF with preserved ej.ction fraction. Herein we review the mechanisms of HF after MI and discuss contemporary data on its incidence and outcomes. We review current and emerging strategies for early detection of patients at risk of HF after MI, with a view to identification of patient cohorts for novel therapeutic agents.

关键词： Angioplasty Heart failure Myocardial infarction Percutaneous coronary intervention ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Intra-operative computed tomography guided navigation for pediatric pelvic instrumentation: A technique guide

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World j.urnal of Orthopedics 2018年第10期9卷 185-189页

作者： j.son B Anari Patrick j.cahill j.hn M Flynn david A Spiegel Keith D Baldwin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Pelvic instrumentation for neuromuscular scoliosis has been part of neuromuscular scoliosis surgery since the era of the Luque Galveston construct. Unit Rod(Medtronic Sofamor-Danek, Nashville, TN) instrumentation brought with it the concept of cantilever correction by placing the implants in the pelvis and then gradually bringing the rod to the spine by sequentially tightening the sublaminar wires, with the goal of creating a level pelvis over a straight spine. More recently surgeons have utilized pedicle screw constructs in which the corrective strategies have varied. Challenges with pelvic fixation using iliac screws linked to the spinal rod have led to the development of the S2-alariliac technique(S2 AI) in which the spinal rod connects to the pelvic screw. The screw is placed in the S2 ala, crosses the sacro-iliac j.int and into the ilium through a large column of supra-acetabular bone. This column is the same area used for anterior inferior iliac spine external fixation frames used in trauma surgery. S2 AI screw placement can be technically difficult and can require experienced radiology technologists to provide the appropriate views. Additionally, although the technique was originally described being placed via freehand technique with intra-operative flouroscopy, the freehand technique suffers from the anatomic anomalies present in the pelvis in neuromuscular scoliosis. As such, we prefer to place them using intra-operative navigation for all pediatric spinal deformity cases. Below in detail we report our intra-operative technique and an illustrative case example.

关键词： Posterior instrumentation Pediatric Spinal deformity Image guidance Technique

Evaluating the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates on college campuses to wastewater surveillance

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 1144-1158页

作者： Tony E.Wong George M.Thurston Nathaniel Barlow Nathan D.cahill Lucia Carichino Kara Maki david Ross j.nnifer Schneider School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA School of Physics and Astronomy Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA Applied Critical Thinking&Collaboratory for Resiliency&Recovery Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA Department of Civil Engineering Technology Environmental Management&SafetyRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA

As college campuses reopened in fall 2020,we saw a large-scale experiment unfold on the efficacy of various strategies to contain the SARS-CoV-2 *** individual surveillance testing via nasal swabs and/or saliva is among the measures that colleges are pursuing to reduce the spread of the virus on ***,some colleges are testing wastewater on their campuses for signs of infection,which can provide an early warning signal for campuses to locate COVID-positive ***,a representation of wastewater surveillance has not yet been incorporated into epidemiological models for college campuses,nor has the efficacy of wastewater screening been evaluated relative to traditional individual surveillance testing,within the structure of these ***,we implement a new model component for wastewater surveillance within an established epidemiological model for college *** use a hypothetical residential university to evaluate the efficacy of wastewater surveillance for maintaining low infection *** find that wastewater sampling with a 1-day lag to initiate individual screening tests,plus completing the subsequent tests within a 4-day period can keep overall infections within 5%of the infection rates seen with traditional individual surveillance *** results also indicate that wastewater surveillance can effectively reduce the number of false positive cases by identifying subpopulations for surveillance testing where infectious individuals are more likely to be *** a Monte Carlo risk analysis,we find that surveillance testing that relies solely on wastewater sampling can be fragile against scenarios with high viral reproductive numbers and high rates of infection of campus community members by outside *** results point to the practical importance of additional surveillance measures to limit the spread of the virus on campus and the necessity of a proactive response to the initial signs of outbreak.

关键词： Compartment model Sensitivity analysis Risk analysis COVID-19 Pandemic Wastewater

Widening socioeconomic disparity in lung cancer incidence among men in New South Wales, Australia, 1987–2011

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Chinese j.urnal of Cancer Research 2017年第5期29卷 395-401页

作者： Xue Qin Yu Qingwei Luo Clare Kahn Camilla cahill Marianne Weber Paul Grogan Ahmedin j.mal Dianne L O'Connell Cancer Research Division Cancer Council NSW Sydney School of Public Health University of Sydney Sanofi Australia Cancer Council Australia Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle

Obj.ctive：We assessed the trends in lung cancer incidence over a 25-year period by socioeconomic groups for men in New South Wales（NSW）,***：Men diagnosed with lung cancer between 1987 and 2011 were divided into five quintiles according to an Index of Education and Occupation（IEO）.We assessed relative socioeconomic differences over time by calculating age-standardized incidence ratios（SIRs）by 5-year period of diagnosis,and estimated absolute differences by comparing the observed and expected numbers of cases using the highest IEO quintile as the ***：Lung cancer incidence for men decreased from 1987 to 2011 for all IEO quintiles,with a greater rate of decline for men living in the highest IEO ***,the relative disparity increased significantly over the 25-year period（P=0.0006）.For example,the SIR for the lowest IEO quintile increased from 1.28 during 1987–1991 to 1.74during 2007–*** differences also increased with the proportion of＂potentially preventable＂cases doubling from 14.5% in 1987–1991 to 30.2% in 2007–***：Despite the overall decline in lung cancer incidence among men in NSW over the past 25 years,there was a significant increase in disparity across socioeconomic areas in both relative and absolute terms.

关键词： Australia lung cancer socioeconomic inequality temporal trends tobacco control tobacco smoking

Function coupling of otoferlin with GAD65 acts to modulate GABAergic activity

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j.urnal of Molecular Cell Biology 2015年第2期7卷 168-179页

作者： Wu Wu Mona N.Rahman j.n Guo Natalie Roy Lihua Xue Catherine M.cahill Shetuan Zhang Zongchao j.a Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Department of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Care University of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA

Otoferlin,an integral membrane protein implicated in a late stage of exocytosis,has been reported to play a critical role in hearing although the underlying mechanisms remain ***,its widespread tissue distribution infers a more ubiquitous role in synaptic vesicle ***,an excitatory neurotransmitter,is converted to its inhibitory counterpart,g-aminobutyric acid(GABA),by L-glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD),which exists in soluble(GAD67)and membrane-bound(GAD65)*** the first time,we have revealed a close association between otoferlin and GAD65 in both HEK293 and neuronal cells,including SHSY5Y neuroblastoma and primary rat hippocampus cells,showing a direct interaction between GAD65 and otoferlin’s C2 *** primary rat hippocampus cells,otoferlin and GAD65 co-localized in a punctate pattern within the cell body,as well as in the axon along the path of vesicular ***,GABA is virtually abolished in otoferlin-knockdown neuronal cells whereas otoferlin overexpression markedly increases endogenous *** attenuation in otoferlin-knockdown primary cells is correlated with diminished L-type calcium *** previously unknown and close correlation demonstrates that otoferlin,through GAD65,modulates GABAergic *** discovery of otoferlin–GAD65 functional coupling provides a newavenue for understanding the molecular mechanism by which otoferlin functions in neurological pathways.

关键词： otoferlin GAD65 GABA neurotransmitter exocytosis

亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi Luo Oscar j.Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra j.mes F cahill j. Zi Wang Dong He Yongfa Chen Chengj.n Chu Youshi Wang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Ecology and the Environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

Pediatric deformity treatment update,including 3D correction concepts

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中国骨与关节外科 2011年第4期4卷 265-269页

作者： Randal R.Betz Patrick j.cahill j.shua M.Pahys Amer F.Samdani Shriners Hospitals for Children - Philadelphia

文章较系统地介绍了当今治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的手术策略和方法,具有较好的。作者是一位在治疗脊柱侧凸领域里学术地位很高的专家,论述科学,语言通畅,是一篇非常有临床价值的文章。鉴于文章中数次引用多个厂家的产品,同时作者本身为... 详细信息

文章较系统地介绍了当今治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的手术策略和方法,具有较好的。作者是一位在治疗脊柱侧凸领域里学术地位很高的专家,论述科学,语言通畅,是一篇非常有临床价值的文章。鉴于文章中数次引用多个厂家的产品,同时作者本身为Depuy Spine,Medtronic和Spine Guard等的顾问或研究资助者,读者在阅读时对其观点应结合其这些身份加以客观判断。

关键词：《中国骨与关节外科》期刊摘要编辑部

一个澳大利亚城郊地区职业性接触性皮炎的发病率与患病率

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 40-41页

作者： Keegel T. cahill j. Noonan A. R. Nixon 潘敏 Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc. PO Box 132 Carlton South Vic. 3053 Australia Dr.

Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) regularly causes high levelsofworkermorbidity;however,thisisoftennotreflectedin available statistics. This study aimed to collect and verify OCD reports/referrals and generate disease estimates for a defined geographical area in Melbourne, Australia. Two methods of data collection were used. In the first method, 30 general practitioners (GPs), 2 dermatologists and 1 dermatology outpatient clinicwithinadefinedareareportedeachworkerwithsuspected OCD seen as part of routine practice. With the second method, workers living in the area who were referred to a tertiary referral OCD clinic were included in the study. An occupational dermatologist used a gold standard process that included diagnostic patch testing to verify suspected cases. The incidence rate for confirmed cases was 20.5 per 100 000 workers 95%confidence interval (CI):13-32.1 . The 1-year-period prevalence rate was 34.5 per 100000 (95%CI:24.4-48.7). The positive predictive value (PPV) was highest for the occupational dermatology clinic referrals 63%(95%CI:49-76%) compared with reports from the dermatologists/dermatology outpatient clinic 55%(95%CI:36-74%) and from GPs 43%(95%CI:29-59%) . This study utilizes reports from GPs and dermatologists to provide OCD disease estimates and validation data for an OCD disease register.

关键词：城郊地区皮肤病学斑贴试验皮肤科医师皮肤病专家可疑病例实验程序数据收集方法阳性预测值统计数字