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modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.Jackson R.mishra J.m.Rebelo J.Santos p.Antunes J.pombo H.magalhaes l.Wills m.Askill School of computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDmEc Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEl Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： pantograph-catenary interaction pantograph aerodynamics computational fluid dynamics pantograph loads current collection performance

Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： Simon mills Anna christine Trego marco prevedello Jo de Vrieze Vincent O’Flaherty piet N.l.lens Gavin collins microbial communities laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland microbial Ecology laboratory School of Biological and chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland center for microbial Ecology and Technology(cmET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium University of Galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： Granule Granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

Recent Advances in catalytic carbonylation Reactions in Alternative Reaction media

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chinese Journal of chemistry 2024年第4期42卷 406-429页

作者： csaba Árvai lászló T.mika department of chemical and Environmental process Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology and BiotechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111 BudapestHungary

Since the discovery of the hydroformylation(oxo-synthesis or Roelen reaction)and the Reppe-reaction,the transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions,providing versatile,facile,and even atom-economic methods for the selective incorporation of c=O functionality to various skeletons,have gained tremendous importance in synthetic organic chemistry from laboratories to industrial *** carbonylation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds,aromatic halides,triflates,etc.,in the presence of various nucleophiles has led the way to produce aldehydes,carboxylic acids,esters,amides,etc.,in the fine chemical ***,these protocols usually proceed in conventional,fossil-based,and usually toxic reaction ***,several attempts have been directed to developing efficient carbonylation methods in alternative,less harmful,non-fossil-based and even in renewable reaction *** this review,we overview the recent applications of alternative solvents such as water,biomass-based alcohols,γ-valerolactone(GVl),2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-meTHF),ionic liquids(Ils),deep eutectic solvents(deS),alkyl levulinates,limonene,α-pinene,and dimethyl carbonate as well as fluorous media to improve efficiency,safety and environmentally benign nature of carbonylation protocols.

关键词： carbonylation catalysis Solvents Green chemistry carbon monoxide Transition metals Homogeneous catalysis palladium

Role of marine natural products in the development of antiviral agents against SARS‑coV‑2:potential and prospects

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marine life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 280-297页

作者： D.p.Nagahawatta N.m.liyanage Thilina U.Jayawardena H.H.A.c.K.Jayawardhana Seong‑Hun Jeong Hyung‑Jun Kwon You‑Jin Jeon department of marine life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea department of chemistry Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresTrois-RivièresQC G8Z 4M3Canada marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Functional Biomaterial Research center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyJeongeup-siRepublic of Korea

A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-coV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ***-coV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World Health ***,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-coV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently *** naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse *** intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-coV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic *** natural products(mNps)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and ***,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-coV-2 genome and ***,we highlighted anti-SARS-coV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing mNps and predicted SARS-coV-2 inhibitor design.

关键词： SARS-coV-2 marine natural products Drug targets Inhibitors

predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1269-1277页

作者： Dujinthan Jayabalan Yi Huang luis calzadilla-Bertot malik Janjua Bastiaan de Boer John Joseph Wendy cheng Simon Hazeldine Briohny W Smith Gerry c macQuillan michael c Wallace George Garas leon A Adams Gary p Jeffrey medical School University of Western AustraliaNed-lands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia department of Anatomical pathology PathWest Laboratory MedicineNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Western AustraliaAustralia department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150Western AustraliaAustralia medical School University of Western AustraliaNedl-ands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BAcKGROUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AIlDOS)compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is *** To investigate the survival of patients with AIlDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related *** patients with AIlDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap(AIH-pBc)or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap(AIH-pSc)and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort ***-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage *** scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy[including liver outcome score(lOS),Hepascore,mayo Score,model for end-stage liver disease(mElD)score and mElD incorporated with serum sodium(mElD-Na)score].RESUlTS Twenty-two AIlDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepascore was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-pBc,27%AIH-pSc).There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-pBc and *** was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality(ppatients with AIH-pBc(n=14)but not AIH-pSc(n=8).A lOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-pBc patients(p=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%specificity)(Harrell's c-statistic 0.867).The mElD score,mElD-Na score and mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any *** Survival in the rare,AIlDOS is *** current study supports the lOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-pBc *** trials investigating predictors of survival in AIlDOS are required.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes liver outcome score liver-related death Hepascore Autoimmune hepatitis primary biliary cholangitis primary sclerosing cholangitis

collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.marquès l.lancia p.loiseau p.Forestier-colleoni m.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud c.Brabetz F.consoli J.Domange F.Hannachi p.Nicolaï m.Salvadori B.Zielbauer lUlI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance cEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance cENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly cElIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(cSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for cSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

Genomic mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.Graham Johannes c.m.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang martin W.Breuss department of pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA department of cellular and molecular medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady children’s Institute for Genomic medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

The first record of dermochelyid turtles in the Eocene of Tierra del Fuego:new insights on the evolution of the Weddellian faunas

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Advances in polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 63-77页

作者： paula BONA Juliana STERlI marcelo Saúl de la FUENTE Eduardo OlIVERO marta S.FERNÁNdeZ marcelo REGUERO División paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La Plata-Anexo IIFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina consejo Nacional de Investigaciones científicas y Técnicas(cONIcET) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina museo paleontológico Egidio Feruglio Trelew U9100Argentina Instituto de Evolución Ecología Histórica y Ambiente-CONICETSan Rafael CP5600Argentina centro Austral de Investigaciones científicas-cONIcET Universidad Nacional de Tierra del FuegoUshuaia CP 9410Argentina División paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina

The Antarctic paleogene marine fossil record has been the key to reconstructing the evolution of the Weddellian Sea and final dismemberment of Southern *** this context,Eocene marine vertebrates from Seymour(marambio)Island have provided valuable *** present the first Eocene record of marine reptiles from the southern Atlantic coast of South *** corresponds to several postcranial turtle remains represented by a proximal end of the right humerus,three caudal and one thoracic vertebrae,a fragment of the left pubis,and ten ossicles of the dorsal carapace,coming from the leticia Formation(late-mid Eocene)at cabo Tiburones,Tierra del Fuego,*** materials show severalfeatures such as the size and general morphology of the humerus and vertebrae,and the presence of relatively small,irregular,smooth,and unkeeled ossicles,which allow us to assign them to dermochelyidae *** are a cosmopolitan group ofcryptodiran turtles,registered from the late cretaceous up to the recent,with some physiological-biological peculiarities(e.g.,endothermy and an exclusive jellyfish-based diet)and characterized by the presence of an osseous carapace formed by *** new finding from the leticia Formation is an addition to the scarce and extremely fragmentary record of Eocene dermochelyids from the southern seas like those from the la meseta and Submeseta formations(Antarctica)and the Waihao and Burnside formations(New Zealand).This new information allows us to discuss the presence of these turtles in such high latitudes in the past and its implication in the evolution of the Weddellian fauna.

关键词： marine reptiles sea turtles dermochelyidae paleogene la meseta Formation Submeseta Formation leticia Formation

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan c.mcleod Brad S.currier caroline V.lowisz Stuart m.phillips department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses(pRISmA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review