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The parallel-plate resonator:An rF probe for Mr and MrI studies over a wide frequency range

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Magnetic resonance Letters 2023年第4期3卷 306-318页

作者： Andres ramírez Aguilera Kevin J.Sanders Gillian r.Goward bruce *** UNB MrI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada

We explore the use of the parallel-plate resonator for the study of thin cuboid samples over a wide range of magnetic resonance *** parallel-plate resonator functions at frequencies from tens to hundreds of *** parallel-plate resonators are presented and discussed in a frequency range from 8 to 500 *** resonance experiments were performed on both horizontal and vertical bore magnet systems with lithium and hydrogen ***-plate radiofrequency(rF)probes are easy to build and easy to *** and simulations showed good sensitivity of the parallel-plate rF probe geometry with a small decrease in sensitivity at higher frequencies.

关键词： Parallel-plate resonator Optimization Magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging(Mr/MrI) Batteries

The Fractional Landau Model

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2016年第3期3卷 257-260页

作者： bruce J.West Malgorzata Turalska Information Science Directorate Army Research Office Research Triangle Park Department of Physics Duke University

Herein the Landau model of the transition from laminar to turbulent fluid flow is generalized to include the effect of memory. The original Landau model is quadratically nonlinear and memoryless, with turbulent fluctuations decaying exponentially. However, recent experiments show a dependence of the decay of fluctuations on memory, with the exponential being replaced by an inverse power law. This transition is explained herein as being due to critical slowing down. The fractional calculus is used to model this memory and to relate the index of the inverse power law decay to that of the fractional derivative in time.

关键词： Fluid dynamics turbulence fractional calculus partial differential equations nonlinear equations

Effectiveness of some herbals on initial enamel caries lesion

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 846-850页

作者： Gulcin Bilgin Gocmen Funda Yanikoglu Dilek Tagtekin George K.Stookey bruce r.Schemehorn Osman Hayran Kartal Kosuyolu Education and research Hospital Department of restorative Dentistry Marmara University Therametric Technologies Inc. Department of Health Science Istanbul Medipol University

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicaments such as ginger, rosemary and honey on remineralization of initial enamel ***: Demineralized human enamel specimens were measured for baseline surface microhardness and fluorescence methods. Ten specimens in each of four groups were used in this in vitro recycling study with the following treatments which applied three times a day: 1) sodium fluoride toothpaste(Ipana, Procter & Gamble, Turkey), 2) gingerhoney(Arifoglu Herbals, Anzer Honey, Turkey), 3) ginger-honey-chocolate(Bind Chocolate, Turkey), 4) rosemary oil(Arifoglu Herbals, Turkey). Treatment regimens of demineralization and remineralization cycle were applied for 21 days. The post-treatment data were obtained by measurements of surface microhardness and fluorescence *** were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test with Tukey's honest significant difference ***: Enhanced remineralization was observed with several of the treatment systems including ginger + honey and rosemary. Significant differences between treatments were observed by microhardness and Fluore Cam fluorescence assesment, compared to the positive control group(Na F dentifrice). Significantly, greater remineralization was observed with the honey + ginger treatment regimen. No significant differences between groups were observed using the fluorescence assessment method, quantitative lightinduced ***: Herbals(ginger, honey and rosemary) have enhanced remineralization of initial enamel lesion.

关键词： remineralization Ginger rosemary Chocolate Honey FluoreCam QLF Initial enamel lesion

The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizens

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 248-254页

作者： Carlo Selmi Patrick SC Leung Laura Fischer bruce German Chen-Yen Yang Thomas P Kenny Gerry r Cysewski M Eric Gershwin Division of rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Department of Medicine IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Department of Food Science and Technology University of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Cyanotech Kailua-KonaHIUSA

Anemia and immunological dysfunction(***)are commonly found in older subjects and nutritional approaches are sought to counteract these *** is a filamentous and multicellular bule-green alga capable of reducing inflammation and also manifesting antioxidant *** hypothesized that Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in senior citizens with a history of *** enrolled 40 volunteers of both sexes with an age of 50 years or older who had no history of major chronic *** took a Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks and were administered comprehensive dietary questionnaires to determine their nutritional regimen during the *** cell count(CCC)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)enzyme activity,as a sign of immune function,were determined at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of *** study participants completed the entire study and the data obtained were *** the 12-week study period,there was a steady increase in average values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in subjects of both *** addition,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration also increased in male *** women appeared to benefit more rapidly from Spirulina ***,the majority of subjects manifested increased IDO activity and white blood cell count at 6 and 12 weeks of Spirulina *** may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in older *** encourage large human studies to determine whether this safe supplement could prove beneficial in randomized clinical trials.

关键词： functional food immunosenescence red blood cell IDO

Dietary stimulation of the endogenous somatotropic axis in weaner and growerfinisher pigs using medium chain triglycerides and cysteamine hydrochloride

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 405-416页

作者： David W.Miller Zoe Prosser Edward Y.W.Chee Christian F.Hansen Frank r.Dunshea bruce P.Mullan John r.Pluske School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia Department of Large Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGroennegaardsvej 21870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Melbourne School of Land and Environment University of MelbourneParkvilleVlC 3051Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Bentley Delivery CenterLocked Bag4BentleyWA 6983Australia

Background： Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides（MCT） and cysteamine hydrochloride（CSH） into the diets of young and growing pigs would stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve growth and ***： In Experiment 1, weaner pigs were given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % MCT（n = 8） or a control diet（n = 8）. MCT increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone（GH; P ＆lt; 0.05） and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Additionally, the MCT treatment reduced scouring（P ＆lt; 0.05）, maintained villous height in the small intestine（P ＆lt; 0.05） and stabilised daily weight gain（P ＆lt; 0.05）, compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels（0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v） of MCT supplementation in grower-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live weight（n = 15 per treatment）. Blood samples taken after 7 wk of treatment showed that the MCT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.001）, GH（P ＆lt; 0.01） and insulin（P ＆lt; 0.05）concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the MCT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live weight were allocated to one of three dietary treatments： control（n = 20）; 6 % MCT（n = 21）; and 70 mg/kg CSH（n = 21）. After 3 wk of supplementation, the MCT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and CSH pigs（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Plasma concentrations of GH and weight were not affected by any of the dietary ***： Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary MCT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathways, to minimise weaning-associated disorders such as slowing of growth and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there was no effect on weight gain or feed conversion ratio in either experiment, MCT and CSH incr

关键词： Ghrelin Growth Pig Somatotropin

Wind farm potential is higher in prime habitat for uncommon soil crust lichens

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 108-115页

作者： Heather T root Myrica McCune bruce McCune Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University2082 Cordley HallCorvallisOR 97330USA Institute for Natural resources Oregon State University210 Strand Agricultural HallCorvallisOR97331USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University321 Richardson HallCorvallisOR97331USA

Introduction:Biotic soil crust communities contribute valuable ecosystem services and biodiversity in steppe *** uncommon crust lichens Acarospora schleicheri,Fuscopannaria cyanolepra,rhizocarpon diploschistidina,and Texosporium sancti-jacobi are associated with fine-textured soils along rivers of the Columbia *** and *** indicate late-successional habitat and may serve as indicators for other rare or cryptic species associated with similar *** of the most favorable habitat for these species has been lost to urban and agricultural *** sought to overlay favorable habitats with wind farm development potential to assess whether these species are likely to be affected by renewable energy ***:We overlaid habitat models for four lichen species on land use and wind farm potential *** a sample of 5,000 points,we determined whether there were differences in probability of occurrence among wind farm potential classes within developed and natural lands using Multi-response Permutation *** with modeled probability of occurrence greater than 60%were considered“favorable”habitats;for these,aχ2 test allowed us to determine whether favorable habitats were associated with wind farm potential ***:Sites that are developed for agriculture or have higher wind farm potential coincide with more favorable habitats for uncommon soil crust *** the favorable habitats for the four focal lichens,28–42%are already affected by development or agriculture;5–14%of favorable habitats remain in natural vegetation and are considered sites with fair or good potential for wind ***:Development of wind energy has the potential to negatively impact uncommon soil crust lichen species because favorable sites coincide with especially good habitat for these ***,as these renewable energy resources are developed,we have the opportunity to ensure that valuable soil crus

关键词： Acarospora schleicheri Agriculture Biotic soil crust Columbia river Fuscopannaria cyanolepra Land use rhizocarpon diploschistidina Steppe Texosporium sancti-jacobi

From physics to fixtures to food:current and potential LED efficacy

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Horticulture research 2020年第1期7卷 2271-2279页

作者： Paul Kusuma P.Morgan Pattison bruce Bugbee Crop Physiology Laboratory Utah State UniversityLogan 84341 UTUSA Solid State Lighting Services Johnson City 37604 TNUSA

Overview Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)have enabled a historic increase in the conversion of electric energy to photons,but this is approaching a physical *** theoretical maximum efficiency occurs when all input energy is converted to energy in photosynthetic *** LEDs can be 93%efficient,phosphor-converted“whites”76%efficient,and red LEDs 81%*** improvements open new opportunities for horticultural lighting.

关键词： diodes phosphor approaching

Impacts of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and avian influenza on U.S. meat demand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1130-1141页

作者： Jianhong E Mu bruce A McCarl Amy Hagerman David Bessler Department of Applied Economics Oregon State University Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture

This paper examines the U.S. meat demand impacts of the announced outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy（BSE） and avian influenza（AI）. Findings indicate that beef and chicken demand was negatively affected by BSE and AI disease outbreaks. Specifically, in the short run, U.S. consumers shift demand due to both outbreaks but more so due to domestic disease outbreaks than for outbreaks occurring overseas-the impact of U.S. AI outbreaks is about 0.5% for beef and the impact of U.S. BSE cases is around –0.42% for beef and 0.4% for pork, respectively. regarding the BSE shock on meat demand, there is a high rate of beef demand adjusted from disturbance to the long-run equilibrium and a lower adjustment rate for chicken demand because of the repeated outbreaks of AI worldwide. In the long run, information related to severe, persistently recurring overseas animal disease outbreaks changes U.S. consumers＇ meat consumption patterns. Although effects of animal diseases on U.S. meat demand were statistically significant, the magnitudes were small-the impact of WHO reported human death numbers for AI is 0.005% for beef, –0.002% for pork, and –0.006% for chicken and the impact of U.S. BSE cases is 1.1% for pork and –0.7% for chicken.

关键词： spongiform avian chicken bovine encephalopathy overseas disturbance adjustment pathogenic deaths

Melanization in living organisms: a perspective of species evolution

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 830-841页

作者： Christopher J Vavricka bruce M.Christensen Jianyong Li CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CASPMI)Beijing 100101China Department of Pathobiology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Biochemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Eumelanin is a heteropolymer that is generally composed of hydroxylated indole residues and plays diverse protective functions in various *** is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and production of melanin is a highly complex oxidative process with a number of steps that can either proceed enzymatically or *** melanin plays important protective roles in many species,during melanization,particularly in steps that can proceed non-enzymatically,many toxic intermediates are produced,including semiquinones,dopaquinone,indole-quinones and moreover,the production of many reactive oxygen *** mitigate the production of reactive species,a number of proteins that regulate the biochemical process of melanization have evolved in various living species,which is closely related to adaptation and physiological *** this communication,we discuss differences between non-enzymatic and enzymatic processes of melanization and the enzymatic regulation of melanization in difference species with an emphasis on differences between mammals and *** between melanization and insect sclerotization is also emphasized which raises some interesting questions about the current models of these pathways.

关键词： melanization melanogenesis sclerotization tanning dopa tyrosinase dopachrome tautomerase