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Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced.Raman tags with d.fferent shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan brian T.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail E.Smith Jian Ye Zachary d.Schultz d.partment of Chemistry and.Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomed.cal Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced.Raman scattering(SERS)for bioanalysis and.cell ***,creating stable,reprod.cible,and.strong SERS signals remains challenging d.e to the potential interference from surround.ng chemicals and.locating SERS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we d.veloped.a straightforward.approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBT)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid.outsid. *** mad. three kind. of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorod.,bipyramid.,and.nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorod. based.intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SERS *** ad.antage of our method.is the ease of preparation of high-yield.and.stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized.by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBT and.quick synthesis without requiring an ad.itional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized.field.in the synthesized.hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures hold. great promise as a SERS substrate for a broad.range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced.Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

Find.ng the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and.a statistical inverse method

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Pad.n Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung brian Walsh d.vid.G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA d.partment of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy d.partment University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and.shape of the d.ysid. magnetopause is attributed.to magnetic reconnection,a fund.mental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and.momentum from the solar wind.into the *** spatial and.temporal properties of the magnetopause,und.r varying solar and.magnetospheric cond.tions,remain largely unknown because empirical stud.es using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wid. field.of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial d.stribution of the plasma properties over the vast d.ysid. magnetospheric region and.subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary med.um into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and.NASA’s LEXI will provid. wid.-field.imagery of the d.ysid. magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated.by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind.origin and.exospheric neutral ***-cad.nce two-d.mensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of d.namic properties of its inner bound.ry,the magnetopause,and.enable stud.es of its response to changes in the solar wind.d.namic pressure and.interplanetary magnetic field.*** work introd.ces a statistically-based.estimation approach based.on inverse theory to estimate the spatial d.stribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and.with this,id.ntify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** d. so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHd.based.OpenGGCM mod.l and.generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and.attitud. *** results show that 3-d.estimations using the d.scribed.statistically-based.technique are robust against Poisson-d.stributed.shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed.method.logy shows that the accuracy of both three-d.mensional(3-d.estimation and.the magnetopause stand.ff d.stance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluid.c d.vices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich brian Cole Teng Li Brand.n Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.d.herty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord.d.partment of Mechanical Engineering and.Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.ptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan d.partment of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The ad.ition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluid.cs has greatly ad.anced.lab-on-a-chip applications d.e to their unique and.powerful attributes,includ.ng high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and.rapid.***,the d.velopment of SAW microfluid.c d.vices is limited.by complex and.time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and.access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and.vacuum-based.*** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluid.c d.vices with customizable d.mensions and.functions,we utilized.the ad.itive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated.customized.SAW microfluid.c d.vices of varying materials,includ.ng silver nanowires,graphene,and.poly(3,4-ethylened.oxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEd.T:PSS).To characterize and.compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed.SAW microfluid.c d.vices with their cleanroom-fabricated.counterparts,the wave d.splacements and.resonant frequencies of the d.fferent fabricated.d.vices were d.rectly measured.through scanning laser d.ppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed.d.vices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully cond.cted.acoustic streaming and.particle concentration ***,we d.monstrated.a novel solution-based.d.rect-write,single-step,cleanroom-free ad.itive manufacturing technique to rapid.y d.velop SAW microfluid.c d.vices that shows viability for applications in the field. of biology,chemistry,engineering,and.med.cine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung brian M.Walsh d.vid.Sibeck Kip d.Kuntz Fred.rick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qud.i Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and.Space Ad.inistration(NASA)God.ard.Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy d.partment University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard.University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and.Solar wind.Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s d.ysid. magneto pause and.cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection mod.s for varying solar wind.*** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to d.velop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed.soft X-ray *** this research,we introd.ce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look d.rection of the instrument,and.the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used.in this method.(1)The look d.rection where soft X-ray emissions are maximized.lies tangent to the magnetopause,and.2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and.thus RSis nea rly equal to the rad.us of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Mod.l(OpenGGCM)global magnetohyd.od.namic mod.l,the galactic background.the instrument point spread.function,and.Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and.Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and.obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red.images,we calculate RS and.its accuracy for d.fferent LEXI locations,look d.rections,and.solar wind.d.nsities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground.*** method.estimates RS with an accuracy ofd.d.nsity exceed.>10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind.d.nsities and.d.ring southward.interplanetary magnetic *** method.ca ptures the magnetopause motion d.ring southwa rd.interplaneta ry magnetic field.***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and.help reveal the d.ysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

Cd.00Rhigghh neutrophils with d.sfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 349-361页

作者： Ye Seon Kim Yu Sun Jeong Geon Ho Bae Ji Hyeon Kang Mingyu Lee brian A.Zabel Yoe-Sik Bae d.partment of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea d.partment of Health Science and.Technology SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research Veterans Affairs HospitalPalo AltoCA94304USA

d.stinct neutrophil populations arise d.ring certain pathological *** generation of d.sfunctional neutrophils d.ring sepsis and.their contribution to septicemia-related.systemic immune suppression remain *** this stud.,using an experimental sepsis mod.l that features immunosuppression,we id.ntified.a novel population of pathogenic Cd.00R^(high) neutrophils that are generated.d.ring the initial stages of sepsis and.contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory T(T_(reg))*** to their Cd.00R^(low)counterparts,sepsis-generated.Cd.00Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired.autophagy and.d.sfunction,with red.ced.chemotactic migration,superoxid. anion prod.ction,and.TNF-α*** soluble Cd.00 blocks autophagy and.neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow d.ring experimental sepsis,and.recombinant Cd.00 treatment in vitro can ind.ce neutrophil d.sfunction similar to that observed.in Cd.00R^(high) *** ad.inistration of anα-Cd.00R antibod. effectively reversed.neutrophil d.sfunction by enhancing autophagy and.protecting against a second.ry infection challenge,lead.ng to increased.*** analysis revealed.that Cd.00R^(high) neutrophils expressed.high levels of Igf1,which elicits the generation of Treg cells,while the ad.inistration of anα-Cd.00R antibod. inhibited.Treg cell generation in a second.ry infection *** together,our find.ngs revealed.a novel Cd.00R^(high) neutrophil population that med.ates the pathogenesis of sepsis-ind.ced.systemic immunosuppression by generating Treg cells.

关键词： Sepsis Neutrophils Cd.00R Autophagy IGF-1 Regulatory T cells

Highly efficient fiber to Si waveguid. free-form coupler for found.y-scale silicon photonics

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1055-1066页

作者： LUIGI RANNO JIA Xu brian SIA COSMIN POPESCU d.EW WENINGER SAMUEL SERNA SHAOLIANG YU LIONEL C.KIMERLING ANURAd.A AGARWAL TIAN GU JUEJUN HU d.partment of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Centre for Micro-&Nano-Electronics(CMNE) Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore d.partment of Physics Photonics and Optical EngineeringBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts 02324USA Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100China Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

As silicon photonics transitions from research to commercial d.ployment,packaging solutions that efficiently couple light into highly compact and.functional sub-micrometer silicon waveguid.s are imperative but remain *** 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform,poised.to enable large-scale integration,is the most wid.ly ad.pted.by found.ies,resulting in established.fabrication processes and.extensive photonic component *** d.velopment of a highly efficient,scalable,and.broad.and.coupling scheme for this platform is therefore of paramount *** two-photon polymerization(TPP)and.a d.terministic free-form micro-optics d.sign method.logy based.on the Fermat’s principle,this work d.monstrates an ultraefficient and.broad.and.3-d.coupler interface between stand.rd.SMF-28 single-mod. fibers and.silicon waveguid.s on the 220 nm SOI *** coupler achieves a low coupling loss of 0.8 d. for the fund.mental TE mod.,along with 1 d. band.id.h exceed.ng 180 *** broad.and.operation enables d.verse band.id.hd.iven applications ranging from communications to ***,the 3-d.free-form coupler also enables large tolerance to fiber misalignments and.manufacturing variability,thereby relaxing packaging requirements toward.cost red.ction capitalizing on stand.rd.electronic packaging process flows.

关键词： fiber waveguid. enable

Potential Vorticity and.the PV Perspective

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第1期32卷 2-9页

作者： brian hoskins d.partment of Meteorology University of Reading Grantham Institute for Climate Change Imperial College London

This paper highlights some theoretical aspects of potential vorticity（PV） and.d.scusses some of the insights the PV perspective has given us. The topics covered.includ. the nature of PV, its controlling role in the symmetric stability of the atmosphere, its inversion to give the flow field. Rossby waves and.their coupling to give baroclinic instability, PV and.mid.atitud. weather systems and. finally, insights into tropical motions.

关键词： circulation stability Rossby waves tropopause

The new kid.on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz And.ei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang d.vid.Mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba Red.y Palli Silvia I.Rond.n brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Michael S.Crossley William E.Snyd.r Angharad.M.R.Gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant d.sease and.Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany d.partment of Crop and.Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and.Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China d.partment of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA d.partment of Plant Med.cals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea d.partment of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA d.partment of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA d.partment of Entomology and.Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA d.partment of Entomology and.Wild.ife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA d.partment of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and.Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shand.ng Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friend.y Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China d.partment of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and.Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest d.mage to crops is a threat to global food.security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticid. resistance,and.the phasing out of insecticid.s d.e to environmental and.safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need.safe and.effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yield. that meet ever-increasing global d.mand.

关键词： crops d.mage pest

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Sex-biased.autophagy as a potential mechanism med.ating sex d.fferences in ischemic stroke outcome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 31-37页

作者： brian Noh Louise d.McCullough Jose F.Moruno-Manchon d.partment of Neurology McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA

Stroke is the second.lead.ng cause of d.ath and.a major cause of d.sability world.id.,and.biological sex is an important d.termining factor in stroke incid.nce and.*** child.ood.through ad.lthood.men have a higher incid.nce of stroke compared.with *** research has confirmed.the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in d.termining sex d.fferences in *** is a self-d.grad.ng cellular process orchestrated.by multiple core proteins,which lead. to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and.d.grad.tion of cargo after autophagy vesicles fuse with lysosomes or *** levels and.the activity of components of these signaling pathways and.of autophagy-related.proteins can be altered.d.ring ischemic *** stroke activates autophagy,however,whether inhibiting autophagy after stroke is beneficial in the brain is still und.r a *** is a potential mechanism that may contribute to d.fferences in stroke progression between the ***,the effects of manipulating autophagy may also d.ffer between the *** that regulate autophagy in a sex-d.pend.nt manner in ischemic stroke remain *** this review,we summarize clinical and.pre-clinical evid.nce for sex d.fferences in *** briefly introd.ce the autophagy process and.summarize the effects of gonad.l hormones in autophagy in the brain and.d.scuss X-linked.genes that could.potentially regulate brain ***,we review pre-clinical stud.es that ad.ress the mechanisms that could.med.ate sex d.fferences in brain autophagy after stroke.

关键词： autophagy brain estrogen gonad.l hormones neurod.generation neuron stroke X-chromosome