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Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1073-1089页

作者： Francisco J.Escaray Amelia Felipo-Benavent Cristian J.Antonelli begona Balaguer Maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa Pablo Vera Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.l.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8Eacceso GIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022ValenciaSpain

The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species,including high-value *** polyxenous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability to perceive host signals in its *** this study,we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathyris are a source of susceptibility factors required by *** to cause ***,poor-in-latex(pil)mutants,which lack laticifer cells,show full resistance to this pathogen,whereas lot-of-latex mutants,which produce more laticifer cells,are *** S factors are triterpenoid saponins,which are widely distributed natural products of vast structural *** downregulation of laticifer-specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes,which encode the first committed step enzymes for triterpene and,therefore,saponin biosynthesis,conferred disease resistance to ***,the Medicago truncatula Iha-1 mutant,compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis,showed enhanced ***,the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically complemented the diseaseresistant phenotype ofpil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in different plant *** found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in ***,leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy,culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions,the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in *** together,these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factors to promote *** pathogenicity.

关键词： Euphorbia lathyris laticifer cell latex appressorium infection cushion necrotrophic fungi

PLANE WAVES NUMERICAL STABILITY OF SOME EXPLICIT EXPONENTIAL METHODS FOR CUBIC SCHRODINGER EQUATION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2016年第4期34卷 385-406页

作者： begona Cano Adolfo Gonzalez-Pachon Departamento de Matemdtica Aplicada Universidad de Valladolid IMUVA Paseo de Beldn 7 47011 VaUadolid Spain Departamento de Matemdtica Aplicada Universidad de Valladolid IMUVA Paseo de Beldn 7 47011 Valladolid Spain

Numerical stability when integrating plane waves of cubic SchrSdinger equation is thor- oughly analysed for some explicit exponential methods. We center on the following second- order methods： Strang splitting and Lawson method based on a one-parameter family of 2-stage 2nd-order explicit Runge-Kutta methods. Regions of stability are plotted and numerical results are shown which corroborate the theoretical results. Besides, a tech- nique is suggested to avoid the possible numerical instabilities which do not correspond to continuous ones.

关键词： Numerical stability Exponential splitting Lawson methods Projection ontoinvariant quantities Plane waves SchrSdinger equation.

Impact of inflammatory bowel disease activity and thiopurine therapy on birth weight: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第45期23卷 8082-8089页

作者： begona Gonzalez-Suarez Shreyashee Sengupta Alan C Moss Division of Gastroenterology Inflammatory Bowel Disease CenterBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

AIM To investigate the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on low birth weight and small for gestational age in women with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS Selection criteria included all relevant articles on the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on the risk of low birth weight(LBW) or small for gestational age(SGA) among pregnant women with IBD. Sixtynine abstracts were identified,35 papers were full text reviewed and,only 14 of them met inclusion criteria. Raw data were extracted to generate the relative risk of LBW or SGA. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa *** This meta-analysis is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria,and nine reported raw data suitable for meta-analysis. We found an increased risk ratio of both SGA and LBW in women with active IBD,when compared with women in remission: 1.3 for SGA(4 studies,95%CI: 1.0-1.6,P = 0.04) and 2.0 for LBW(4 studies,95%CI: 1.5-2.7,P < 0.0001). Women on thiopurines during pregnancy had a higher risk of LBW(RR 1.4,95%CI: 1.1-1.9,P = 0.007) compared with non-treated women,but when adjusted for disease activity there was no significant effect on LBW(RR 1.2,95%CI: 0.6-2.2,P = 0.6). No differences were observed regarding SGA(2 studies; RR 0.9,95%CI: 0.7-1.2,P = 0.5). CONCLUSION Women with active IBD during pregnancy have a higher risk of LBW and SGA in their neonates. This should be considered in treatment decisions during pregnancy.

关键词： Pregnancy Inflammatory bowel disease Thiopurines Disease activity Low birth weight Small for gestational age

The Drosophila adult neuromuscular junction as a model for unravelling amyloid peptide influence on synapse dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1987-1989页

作者： begona López-Arias Ignacio Monedero Enrique Turiégano Laura Torroja Department of Biology Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadrid Spain Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE) Linkoping University Sweden

Amyloid peptide（Aβ）oligomers are considered one of the primary causal factors for the synaptic loss characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease（AD）（Karran and De Strooper,2016）.However,Aβis generated in normal brai... 详细信息

关键词： The Drosophila adult neuromuscular junction a model for unravelling amyloid peptide influence synapse dynamics

Visual function alterations in essential tremor: A case report

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第5期8卷 94-98页

作者： David P.Pinero begona Monllor Vicenta Moncho Vicent J.Camps Dolores de Fez Grupo de Optica y Percepcion Visual(GOPV)Department of Optics Pharmacology and Anatomy University of AlicanteSpain Department of Ophthalmology(OFTALMAR)Medimar International Hospital AlicanteSpain Foundation for the Visual Quality(Fundacion para la Calidad Visual FUNCAVIS)

Our purpose is to report alterations in contrast sensitivity function(CSF)and in the magno,parvo and koniocellular visual pathways by means of a multichannel perimeter in case of an essential tremor(ET).A complete evaluation of the visual function was performed in a 69-year old patient,including the analysis of the chromatic discrimination by the Fansworth–Munsell 100 hue test,the measurement of the CSF by the CSV-1000E test,and the detection of potential alteration patterns in the magno,parvo and koniocellular visual pathways by means of a multichannel *** acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)were within the ranges of normality in both *** abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography(OCT)*** results of the color vision examination were also within the ranges of normality.A signi¯cant decrease in the achromatic CSFs for right eye(RE)and left eye(LE)was detected for all spatial *** statistical global values provided by the multichannel perimeter confirms that there were significant absolute sensitivity losses compared to the normal pattern in *** the LE,only a statistically significant decrease in sensitivity was detected for the blue-yellow(BY)*** pattern standard deviation(PSD)values obtained in our patient indicated that there were significant localized losses compared to the normality pattern in the achromatic channel of the RE and in the red-green(RG)channel of the *** color vision alterations may be present in ET that cannot be detected with conventional color vision tests,such as the FM 100 Hue.

关键词： Multichannel perimetry essential tremor color vision visual pathways contrast sensitivity

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing before first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dual or triple antibiotic resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3367-3373页

作者： Angel Cosme Milagrosa Montes begona Ibarra Esther Tamayo Horacio Alonso Usua Mendarte Jacobo Lizasoan Marta Herreros-Villanueva Luis Bujanda Gastroenterology Department Hospital Universitario Donostia/Instituto BiodonostiaUniversidad del País VascoCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas Biomedical Research Center Network for Respiratory Diseases Microbiology Department Hospital Universitario Donostia-Instituto Biodonostia Faculty of Life Sciences Universidad Isabel I

To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial susceptibility-guided therapy before first-line treatment for infection in patients with dual or triple antibiotic *** total of 1034 patients infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) during 2013-2014 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. 157 of 1034 (15%) patients showed resistance to two (127/1034; 12%) and to three (30/1034; 3%) antibiotics. Sixty-eight patients with dual H. pylori-resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole or levofloxacin) were treated for 10 d with triple therapies: OAL (omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and levofloxacin 500 mg b.i.d.) 43 cases, OAM (omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and metronidazole 500 mg b.i.d.) 12 cases and OAC (omeprazole 20 mg ***., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.) 13 cases based on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twelve patients showed triple H. pylori-resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin) and received for 10 d triple therapy with OAR (omeprazole 20 mg ***., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and rifabutin 150 mg b.i.d.). Eradication was confirmed by 13C-urea breath test. Adverse effects and compliance were assessed by a ***-to-treat eradication rates were: OAL (97.6%), OAM (91.6%), OAC (92.3%) and OAR (58.3%). Cure rate was significantly higher in naïve patients treated with OAR-10 compared to patients who had two or three previous treatment failures (83% vs 33%). Adverse events rates for OAL, OAM, OAC and OAR were 22%, 25%, 23% and 17%, respectively, all of them *** susceptibility-guided triple therapies during 10 d for first-line treatment leads to an eradication rate superior to 90% in patients with dual antibiotic H. pylori resistance.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Resistance Eradication rate Antimicrobial susceptibility Therapies

Potential of video games for the promotion of neuroadaptation to multifocal intraocular lenses: a narrative review

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第11期12卷 1782-1787页

作者： Maria begona Coco-Martin Pedro LValenzuela Miguel JMaldonado-López Alejandro Santos-Lozano Ainhoa Molina-Martin David P Pinero Research Unit Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid.ICSCYLValladolid 47003Spain Grupo de Cirugía Refractivay Rehabilitación Visual.Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada(IOBA) Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Physiology Unit Systems Biology DepartmentUniversity of AlcaláMadrid 28801Spain Grupo de Investigación i+Health Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Europea Miguel de CervantesValladolid 47012Spain Department of Optics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of AlicanteAlicante 03690Spain Department of Ophthalmology(IMQO-Oftalmar) Vithas Medimar International HospitalAlicante 03016Spain

Multifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs) are currently usually implanted for the treatment of cataracts because they have been proved to be superior to monofocal IOLs with respect to spectacle independence. In turn, they are associated with a higher prevalence of dysphotopsia symptoms that is one of the most common causes of patient dissatisfaction. Neuroadaptation seems to play a major role in the optimal adaptation to multifocal IOLs. In this context, the development of strategies that facilitate the neuroadaptation process to multifocality might be an effective strategy to reduce patients' dissatisfaction. Video games have been proved to be effective for the improvement of visual acuity and for the promotion of neuroplasticity in elderly subjects and other populations with cortical-related visual impairment. This narrative review highlights the physiological potential of video games as a perceptual strategy to improve visual acuity and promote neuroplasticity in patients using multifocalIOLs, although research is still needed to confirm these benefits in this specific population, with only one comparative study to this date providing evidence of them.

关键词： multifocal intraocular lens dysphotopsia photic phenomena halos video games neuroadaptation neuroplasticity

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D_(3) effects on the regulation of the insulin receptor gene in the hind limb muscle and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2013年第2期3卷 87-97页

作者： Consuelo Calle begona Maestro Moisés García-Arencibia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of MedicineComplutense University(UCM)MadridSpain

In the present study, we examine the effects of the treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [150 IU/Kg (3.75 μg/Kg) once a day, for 15 days] to non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The results indicate that treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 had minor effects in non-diabetic rats. The same treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, although it did not correct the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia induced by the diabetes, caused other actions that could mean beneficial effects on the amelioration of diabetes e.g., it avoided body weight loss, increased calcium and phosphorus plasma levels, and corrected the over-expression of the insulin receptor mRNA species of 9.5 and 7.5 Kb present in the hind limb muscle and heart of these animals. These genomic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 effects could involve transcriptional mechanisms of repression mediated by vitamin D response elements in the rat insulin receptor gene promoter. Using computer analysis of this promoter, we propose the -249/-235 bp VDRE (5’GGGTGACCCGGGGTT3’) with a pyrimidine (T) in the (+7) position of the3’half-site as the best candidate for negative control by 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. In addition, posttranscriptional mechanisms of regulation could also be implicated. Thus, computer inspection of the5’untranslated region of the rat insulin receptor pre-mRNA indicated the presence of a virtual internal ribosome entry segment whereas the computer inspection of the3’untranslated region localized various destabilizing sequences, including various AU-rich elements. We propose that through these virtual cis-regulatory sequences, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 could control the translation and stability of insulin receptor mRNA species in the hind limb muscle and heart of diabetic rats.

关键词： 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Hind Limb Muscle Heart Rat Insulin Receptor Gene Computer Analysis Vitamin D Response Element Posttranscriptional Processes.

西班牙的伊拉克战略：国家安全还是国际团结？

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西班牙的伊拉克战略：国家安全还是国际团结？

作者： Maria begona Ballester Penalva 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

2001年9月11日,一场重大的恐怖袭击事件震惊了世界:四架飞机被劫持,并且瞄准了纽约的双子塔、五角大楼和白宫。这次袭击使美国意识到其安全正在受到挑战,并意识到其不再对恐怖主义的威胁免疫。美国政府对这次袭击的反应是,制定了一项名... 详细信息

2001年9月11日,一场重大的恐怖袭击事件震惊了世界:四架飞机被劫持,并且瞄准了纽约的双子塔、五角大楼和白宫。这次袭击使美国意识到其安全正在受到挑战,并意识到其不再对恐怖主义的威胁免疫。美国政府对这次袭击的反应是,制定了一项名为“全球反恐战争”的新政策,其主要目的是消灭国际恐怖主义。这项外交政策是基于对阿富汗(被视为恐怖分子藏身之地)的干涉。在这个计划中,伊拉克也被纳为行动的对象,因为怀疑其拥有大规模毁灭性武器。这个国家与伊朗和朝鲜一起被美国认为是邪恶的轴心;这些国家的政府倾向于培养和资助恐怖主义。然而,这个政策存在争议;联合国批准对阿富汗采取军事行动的同时,拒绝了对伊拉克采取军事行动的提议,相反,联合国安理会通过了第1441号决议,这项决议包括了要对伊拉克展开调查,以查明伊拉克政府是否拥有美国宣称的大规模毁灭性武器,此外,伊拉克政府必须向联合国提交一些文件,以保证其核武器销毁的真实性。然而,提交这些文件的截止日期并没有明确的规定,即使文件成功发送了,无论如何,其结果也不会像美国政府决定入侵伊拉克的那样。在欧洲的背景下,西班牙发布了“八国许可书”,包括欧洲联盟(英国、丹麦、波兰、意大利、葡萄牙、匈牙利和捷克共和国)的成员,他们认为美国入侵是合法的。另一方面,有一些构成了“旧欧洲”的国家例如法国和德国,决定不参加这样的干涉行动,甚至是持反对意见。2003年,聚集了乔治·沃克·布什、托尼布莱尔及阿斯纳尔的首脑会议在亚速尔群岛召开,几天之后,伊拉克入侵行动在未经联合国的批准下发生了。除此之外,西班牙人民同样反对这一决定,一些示威活动在大城市的街道上不断发生。在整个背景下,出现了这样一些问题:是什么推动西班牙在伊拉克问题上支持美国?这种有争议的决定背后的原因是什么?本文的目的是摆脱传统方式来解释这一有争议的决定,即西班牙外交政策的转变发展。本文试图回答的问题是:为什么西班牙政府决定加入美国在伊拉克的反恐战争(2003),尽管这是一个有争议的决定,并且是一个多数国内民众反对的决定?由此引申出的问题:非国家行为体在多大程度上影响了西班牙的外交政策?以及西班牙在干预伊拉克之前的外交政策是怎样的?为了回答这个问题,必须证明的假设是:西班牙政府加入美国入侵伊拉克行动,并因此改变外交政策的一个重要考量因素是可感知到的来自巴斯克分离主义集团的威胁以及美国在其与巴斯克分离派的斗争中给予援助的重要性。此外,支持这一假设并在论文中展开的论点是:与巴斯克分离派的斗争是西班牙政府的优先考虑事项;与巴斯克分离派斗争的重要性,使西班牙重新考虑与其他国家的关系,并且越来越向美国靠拢;美国政府提供的用以反击分离派的援助被认为是有价值的;西班牙担心,如果西班牙政府最终决定不加入美国同盟,那么美国将撤回援助。本文采用定性方法来证明这一假设,也采用了过程追踪法,有关资料来自于书籍、学者文章和官方网站。为此,论文中必须增加一些关于采访和报纸的内容。此外,本文所采用的理论是外交政策中的一个概念:非国家行为体对政府在制定和实施外交政策的过程中所起到的影响;在本文背景下,只有一大类非国家行为体会被分析:恐怖主义。本文共分五章,其中第一章是介绍以及最后一章是结论,之后的是附录和参考文献。其中一章谈及美国在本世纪所采取的主要外交政策之一,在第二章(恐怖战争)中将会有所论述。在其中一节,将分析美国的反恐主义战争的外交政策:就其主要内容和发展过程进行展开。由于本文的重点是西班牙的决策,所以会有一个部分,阐述西班牙在伊拉克问题上所扮演的角色,和迄今为止西班牙所奉行的外交政策,这是西班牙外交政策中一个不寻常的转折点,假设一个被认定的事实是西班牙外交政策的主要对象是其他国家,那么美国和西班牙这种同盟关系更多是在特定背景下所促成的。虽然美国多年来一直没有成为西班牙外交政策的主要焦点国,但是在西班牙的独裁统治时期,曾有过这样一个时刻:佛朗哥政府决定与美国合作以换取一些经济贸易协议。本文尝试证明的假设包括非政府行为体在政府中的活动和影响力,因此第三章旨在解释1996-2004年期间影响西班牙政策的主要非国家行为主体。在第三章第一节中,讲述了巴斯克分离主义集团的历史,包括其建立的原因和主要目的(特别是巴斯克地区的独立性)。此外,还有一节将分析是谁制定了西班牙的外交政策,以及谁决定参与2003年的伊拉克反恐战争。西班牙的制度是如何运转的,是怎样在同时拥有一个国王和一个总统的情况下成功运行的,以及议会中的参议院和众议院有什么样的职能。因此,这个决定是由政府提出,并根据1978年西班牙宪法和议会表决多数通过的。非国家行为体的概念将会在第三章的最后一节有所阐述。非国家行为体的分类方法有很大差异,其类别也有很多种。然而,本文着重于恐怖主义,主要分析其技术、方法、新的挑战以及巴斯克分离派怎样被视为一个恐怖主义组

关键词：伊拉克西班牙恐怖主义非国家行为体巴斯克分离主义