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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第4期14卷 333-337页

作者： Khurram SIRAJ Muhammad Zakria butt Muhammad KHALEEQ-UR-RAHMAN Muhammad Shahid RAFIQUE Saima RAFIQUE FAKHAR-UN-NISA Advanced Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of Engineering and Technology

In this work, the laser induced plasma plume characteristics and surface morphology of Pt- and Ag-ion deposited silicon were studied. The deposited silicon was exposed to cumulative laser pulses. The plasma plume images produced by each laser shot were captured through a computer controlled image capturing system and analyzed with image-J software. The integrated optical emission intensity of both samples showed an increasing trend with increasing pulses. Agion deposited silicon showed higher optical emission intensity as compared to Pt-ion deposited silicon, suggesting that more damage occurred to the silicon by Ag ions, which was confirmed by SRIM/TRIM simulations. The surface morphologies of both samples were examined by optical microscope showing thermal, exfoliational and hydrodynamical sputtering processes along with the re-deposition of the material, debris and heat affected zones＇ formation. The crater of Ption deposited silicon was deeper but had less lateral damage than Agion deposited silicon. The novel results clearly indicated that the ion deposited silicon surface produced incubation centers, which led to more absorption of incident light resulting into a higher emission intensity from the plasma plume and deeper crater formation as compared to pure silicon. The approach can be effectively utilized in the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique, which endures poor limits of detection.

关键词： ions deposited silicon laser irradiation plasma plume emission intensity,crater formation

Anti-hypercholesterolemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects of conventional and supercritical extracts of black cumin(Nigella sativa)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第11期7卷 1014-1022页

作者： Muhammad Jawad Iqbal Masood Sadiq butt Mir Muhammad Nasir Qayyum Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria National Institute of Food Science and Technology Faculty of FoodNutrition and Home SciencesUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakoram International UniversityGilgit-BaltistanPakistan UQ Diamantina Institute Translational Research InstituteFaculty of MedicineThe University of Queensland37 Kent Street WoolloongabbaBrisbaneQLD 4102Australia Department of Food NutritionDietetics and HealthKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Objective: To explore the hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of conventional and supercritical extracts of black ***: Purposely, rat modelling was carried out for 2 months by designing three studies i.e. study Ⅰ(normal rats), study Ⅱ(hyperglycaemic rats) and study Ⅲ(hypercholesterolemic rats). Each study was further divided into three groups based on diet ***, functional diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by using conventional solvent) and nutraceutical diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by supercritical fluid extraction system).Results: During whole trial, an abating trend was observed in the level of serum cholesterol with maximum reduction(12.8%) in nutraceutical group of study Ⅲ. Low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level was also lowered maximum in study Ⅲ as17.1% and 11.6%, respectively. Whereas, highest decline in glucose level was in nutraceutical group of study Ⅱ as 11.2%.Conclusions: Inclusion of black cumin extracts in diet significantly lowers the occurrence of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Furthermore, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of nutraceutical diet is more prominent as compared to functional diet.

关键词： Black cumin Functional food Nutraceuticals Supercritical extract Hyperglycaemia Hypercholesterolaemia

SER estimation method for 56 GBaud PAM-4 transmission system

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第4期16卷 30-34页

作者： Aadil Raza Kangping Zhong Salman Ghafoor Saeed Iqbal Muhammad Adeel Shahid Habib Muhammad Fasih Uddin butt Chao Lu COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan

In this Letter, we have proposed a generalized Gaussian probability density function（GGPDF）-based method to estimate the symbol error ratio（SER） for pulse amplitude modulation（PAM-4） in an intensity modulation/direct detection（IM/DD） system. Furthermore, a closed form expression of SERGGDfor PAM-4 has been derived. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation as well as experimental *** fitting of probability density functions of the received signal is applied via GGPDF and shape parameters P1 and P2 associated with different PAM-4 levels are determined. The optimum single value of shape parameter P is then calculated to estimate the SER. The mathematical relationship of P with different received optical powers and receiver bandwidths has been determined and verified. The proposed method is a fast and accurate method to estimate SER of a PAM-4 system, which is more reliable and in agreement with the error counting method.

关键词： PAM SER estimation method for 56 GBaud PAM-4 transmission system

Earthworms in soil ecology and organic waste management

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 373-374页

作者： Yinsheng LI Zhenjun SUN Feng HU Kevin R.butt Joann K.WHALEN School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China School of Natural Sciences University of Central LancashirePreston PR12HEUK Department of Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMcGill UniversityQuebec H9X 3V9Canada

Earthworms are important members of the soil *** ***(1881)described the important function of earthworms in pedogenesis and in maintenance of soil fertility,there has been continual interest in studying earthworm biology and *** of the attention in such studies is on earthworm functions in soil nutrient ***,with increasing concerns about the environment,studies using earthworms to mediate organic waste treatment and as an indicator of soil pollution and remediation strategies have grown rapidly in recent years.

关键词： soil fertility pollution

Implementation of Some Methods of Shape Design for Variational Inequalities

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Journal of Partial Differential Equations 2013年第2期26卷 122-137页

作者： butt Rizwa~ Mathematics Department College of Science King Saud University P. 0. Box 2455Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia.

In this paper we present some results concerning the optimal shape design problem governed by the fourth-order variational inequalities. The problem can be considered as a model example for the design of the shapes for elastic-plastic problem. The computations are done by finite element method, and the performance criterion is minimized by the material derivative method. We also discuss the error estimates in the appropriate norm and present some numerical results. An example is used to clearly illustrate the essential elements of shape design problems.

关键词： Sobolev space convexity optimal shape design variational inequalities approximation optimization techniques finite element method material derivative method

Overexpressed BRH1, a RING finger gene, alters rosette leaf shape in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第1期61卷 79-87页

作者： Xiaoqian Wang Eryong Chen Xiaoyang Ge Qian Gong HamamaIslam butt Chaojun Zhang Zuoren Yang Fuguang Li Xueyan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Leaves are the most important plant parts for photosynthesis and respiration. Many genes are involved in determining leaf shape;however, little is known about the effects of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling-pathway genes on the development of leaf shape. Here, the brassinosteroid-responsive RING-H2 (BRH1) gene, which is suppressed by 24-epi-brassinolide treatment, was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The amino acid sequence contained a highly conserved RING finger domain. In a phylogenetic analysis,BRH1 clustered closely with GLYMA11G02470.1. The leaves of brh1 mutant plants were not much different to those of the wild-type, while transgenic plants with high BRH1 expression levels had rounder rosette leaves. Mutants of the BR synthesis pathway also had a similar round leaf phenotype, and greater BRH1 expression levels. Moreover, the related marker genes KNAT1,AtHB13 and ROT4, which are known to control leaf shape, altered transcriptional levels in both transgenic BRH1 and BR-synthesis mutant lines. Thus, BRH1 may be involved in the BR signaling pathway and regulate the growth and development of rosette leaves. Research on BRH1 may prove valuable for understanding the regulatory mechanism of leaf shape and improving the leaf shapes of ornamental plants.

关键词： Arabidopsis 多基因形状插座手指戒指装饰植物光合作用

Structure Elucidation and Biological Screening of Bis(4-{[(E)-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)amino]methyl}-cyclohexane-carboxylato-O)-triaqua-cadmium

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2018年第6期37卷 871-877页

作者： MUHAMMAD Danish SABA Akbar MUHAMMAD Nawaz Tahir MUHAMMAD Naeem Ahmed RABIA Ayub butt MUHAMMAD Asam Raza MUHAMMAD Ashfaq Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Department of Physics University of Sargodha Department of Chemistry University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Using a bidentate ligand, a Schiff base 4-（{[（Z）-（2-hydroxyphenyl）methyldene]amino}methyl）cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, complex I（ML2, where M = Cd（Ⅱ）） was synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c, M_r = 685.04, 0.34 mm × 0.26 mm × 0.14 mm, a = 54.050（3）, b = 6.1220（3）, c = 9.5081（5） A, β = 90.229（2）°, Z = 4, C_（30） H_（40） CdN_2 O_9 and V = 3146.2（3） A^3. Complex I was screened for its bactericidal activity against four bacterial strains Chromohalobactersalexigens, Chromohalobacterisraelensis, Halomonashalofila and Halomonassalina and fungicidal activity against Aspergillusnigerand Aspergillusflavus. Antimicrobial activity results showed that the synthesized complex displayed good anti-fungal activity against two fungal strains. It was found to be inactive against four different bacterial strains analyzed and was negative for bactericidal effect.

关键词： Schiff base tranexamic acid Cd XRD fungicidal activity bactericidal activity

4-((4-Chlorophenylsulfonamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid： Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activities

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2017年第8期36卷 1307-1314页

作者： MUHAMMAD Danish RABIA Ayub butt MUHAMMAD Nawaz Tahir MUHAMMAD Ashfaq SYEDA Tahira Hafeez MUHAMMAD Naeem Ahmed HALEEMA Qureshi Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan Department of Physics University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 Pakistan

In this study, a novel 4-（（4-chlorophenylsulfonamido）methyl）cyclohexanecarboxylic acid（C（14）H（18）ClNO4S） was synthesized by the reaction of tranexamic acid and 4-chlororbenzene sulfonyl chloride in basic medium at room temperature. The molecular structure was determined by FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 12.3120（11）, b = 16.5987（19）, c = 7.6873（7）？, β = 90.495（6）o, Z = 4 and V = 1570.9（3）？~3, crystal size（mm） = 0.38 × 0.16 × 0.14 and Rint = 0.045. In this compound, the carboxylic acid A（O（1）/C（1）/C（2）） and the sulfonyl B（O（3）/S（1）/O（4）） moieties are of course planar. The molecules are dimerized due to the O–H…O type of H-bonding with the R22（8） ring motifs. The dimmers are interlinked through C–H…O and N–H…O types of H-bonding. The synthesized compound was screened against four bacterial and two fungal strains and inactive against all strains. Antioxidant activity was checked against DPPH. Enzyme inhibition activity was carried out using three different enzymes and the title compound was more potent α-chymotrypsin inhibitor.

关键词： sulfonamide tranexamic acid 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride XRD biological applications

Earthworm community development in soils of a reclaimed steelworks

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 384-390页

作者： Kevin Rbutt Siobhan MQUIGG University of Central Lancashire School of Forensic and Applied SciencesPreston PR12HEUK

Long-term studies are essential to learn earthworm community development and soil formation post *** were undertaken at a former steelworks site at Hallside,near Glasgow,UK,reclaimed in the 1990s using a mixture of colliery spoil and sewage *** site was largely planted for production of short rotation coppice willow(Salix spp.).Earthworm inoculation formed a part of the restoration *** monitoring occurred in the interim,but some records of earthworm sampling existed in 2000 and *** study focused on monitoring earthworms and soil properties across the site,drawing comparisons with adjacent unspoiled *** showed that after 22 years,a species-rich community of earthworms(n=16)colonized the site,with endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa being dominant by number and anecic *** by *** the site,earthworm community density and biomass were 208 individuals m^(-2) and 71 g m^(-2),*** Shannon diversity index for earthworms was 1.89,with an evenness of *** sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter,but the stone content of the colliery spoil prevented digging in some *** chemistry had no negative effect on earthworms,but the compacted substrate did hinder water *** colonized the reclaimed site from adjacent areas,and community structure and density below well-drained,scrub-free willow,birch,and grassland were not significantly different(P>0.05)from those of the adjacent unspoiled *** results show that the historical earthworm inoculation was unnecessary and badly *** reclamations of similar sites can learn from this investigation.

关键词： colliery spoil colonization inoculation land reclamation pedogenesis rehabilitation sewage sludge willow

Community structure of Lumbricidae in beech woodland of the Bieszczady National Park, Southeast Poland

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 391-397页

作者： Anna MAZUR-PĄCZKA Grzegorz PĄCZKA Joanna KOSTECKA Kevin R.butt Marcin JAROMIN Mariola GARCZYŃSKA Agnieszka PODOLAK University of Rzeszów Faculty of Biology and AgricultureDepartment of Natural Theories of Agriculture and Environmental Education1a Cwiklinskiej St.Rzeszów 35-959Poland University of Central Lancashire Forensic and Applied SciencesPreston PR12HEUK Rzeszów University of Technology Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics6 Powstancow Warszawy AvenueRzeszów 35-959Poland

As ecosystem engineers,earthworms play a key role in the soil ***,due to increasing anthropogenic pressure,soil organisms,including earthworms,are being threatened by habitat *** this study,we undertook a qualitative and quantitative investigation of earthworms of the family Lumbricidae in four types of Carpathian beech woodland(Fagetum carpaticum),characterized by their understory vegetation(I,*** drymejae;Ⅱ,***;Ⅲ,***;and IV,***),in the Bieszczady National Park(Eastern Carpathians,Southeast Poland).At each investigated site,soil monoliths(25 cm×25 cm×25 cm)were examined by hand *** were expelled from deep soil layers using a weak formalin solution(0.4%).Depending on the phytocoenosis,7 species of Lumbricidae were identified at each of the sites I,Ⅱ,andⅢand 10 at site *** IV(***)differed significantly(P<0.05)from the other three sites with respect to earthworm biomass(59.71±39.53 g m^(-2))and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(0.52±0.12).Although present three decades ago,the deep-burrowing species Octodrilus transpadanus and the litter-dwelling species Dendrobaena octaedra were not found at site IV in the present *** suspect that these two species may have been displaced by the invasive Lumbricus terrestris,which was not found at the same site in the *** observations warrant further investigation to verify the predicted effects of an invasive earthworm,including the potential effects on soils and other fauna and flora,which have been documented in numerous countries.

关键词： beech forest earthworm invasive species Shannon-Wiener diversity index species diversity species dominance