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Seasonal and habitat dependence of fleas parasitic on small mammals in Tanzania

Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 196-212页

作者： anne laudisoit Herwig LEIRS Rhodes MAKUNDI Boris Ronald KRASNOV Zoogeographical Research Unit Universitéde LiègeLiègeBelgium Evolutionary Ecology Group Universiteit AntwerpenAntwerpenBelgium General bacteriology Unit VARBrusselsBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Department of Integrated Pest ManagementUniversity of AarhusKongens LyngbyDenmark Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael

We investigated host and flea species composition across different habitats during dry and rainy seasons in the Western Usambara Mountains in *** both seasons,similarity in flea species composition increased with an increase in the similarity in host species ***,between-season within-habitat as well as within-season between-habitat similarity in host species composition was higher than similarity in flea species *** of habitats according to their host and flea species composition demonstrated that the pattern of between-habitat similarity in both host and flea species composition varied *** the relatively rich mammal and flea fauna of the study region,the major contribution to variation in species composition between seasons and among habitats was due to a few species *** assemblages on Lophuromys kilonzoi Verheyen et al.,2007 and Praomys delectorum Thomas,1910 in different habitats were equally similar in either *** contrast,flea assemblages on Mastomys natalensis(Smith,1834)occurring in different habitats were more similar in the dry than in the rainy season,whereas the opposite was the case for fleas on Grammomys *** different hosts,the main differences in species composition of flea assemblages between seasons as well as among habitats were due to different flea *** our results support the earlier idea that parasite species composition is determined by both host species composition and habitat properties,the former appears to explain variance in flea species composition between localities in the tropics better than between localities in temperate and arid zones.

关键词： Africa flea assemblages rodents seasonal tropical habitats.

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Are local plague endemicity and ecological characteristics of vectors and reservoirs related? A case study in north-east Tanzania

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Current Zoology 2009年第3期55卷 200-211页

作者： anne laudisoit Simon NEERINCKX Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Herwig LEIRS Boris R.KRASNOV Zoogeographical Research Unit University of Liège Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerpen Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of Agriculture Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Department of Integrated Pest ManagementFaculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Aarhus Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede-Boqer Campus

The pattern of plague endemicity in Tanzania is characterized by continuous re-appearance of the disease in some locations, while in other neighbouring villages the disease has never or seldom been observed. To understand the reasons for this pattern, we studied small mammal and flea species composition, diversity and relative abundances in two plague-endemic and two plague-free locations. We asked （a） whether fleas more abundant in plague-endemic locations differ in their characteristic abundance and the degree of their host specificity from fleas more abundant in plague-free locations and （b） whether hosts most abundant in p/ague-endemic locations differ in the diversity of their flea assemblages from hosts most abundant in p/ague-free locations. We characterized （a） each host species by species richness and degree of taxonomic relatedness of its flea assemblages and （b） each flea species by its mean abundance and size, and degree of taxonomic relatedness of its host spectrum and compared their relative abundances between locations. No significant difference between plague-endemic and plague-free locations in either host density or any variable related to flea abundance or diversity was found. However, there was marginally significant effect of taxonomic distinctness of a flea assemblage barboured by a host on its probability to be more abundant in either plague-endemic or plague-free locations. Furthermore, hosts more abundant in plague-endemic locations tended to harbour closely-related fleas. Finally, while opportunistic and specialist fleas were equally distributed in both sets of locations, fleas exploiting distantly-related hosts were found mainly in plague-free locations during the rainy season. We suggest that the observed patterns might arise due to seasonal and spatial differences in local microclimatic conditions and landscape connectivity [ Current Zoology 55 （3）： 200 - 211, 2009].

关键词： Flea Rodent Landscape connectivity Opportunistic Plague Tanzania

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Preliminary investigation on rodent–ectoparasite associations in the highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia:implications for potential zoonoses

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 366-374页

作者： Meheretu YONAS Kiros WELEGERIMA anne laudisoit Hans BAUER Kindeya GEBREHIWOT Seppe DECKERS Abdul KATAKWEBA Rhodes MAKUNDI Herwig LEIRS Department of Biology Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Evolutionary Ecology Group University of AntwerpBelgium Institute of Integrative Biology University of LiverpoolBiosciencesLiverpoolUK Institutional University Cooperation Project Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Division of Soil and Water Management K.U.LeuvenHeverleeBelgium Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Department of Integrated Pest Management University of AarhusSlagelseDenmark

We studied associations between rodents and their arthropod ectoparasites in crop fields and household compounds in the highlands of Tigray,Northern *** infestation indices,such as percent infestation,mean abundance,prevalence and host preferences,were calculated for each *** total,172 rodents from crop fields and 97 from household compounds were *** species and numbers trapped from the crop fields and household compounds were Mastomys awashensis(Lavrenchenko,Likhnova&Baskevich,1998)(88 and 44),Arvicanthis dembeensis(Ruppel,1842)(63 and 37)and Acomys sp.(21 and 16),respectively.A total of 558 insects and acarids(belonging to 11 taxa)were recovered from the rodents trapped in the crop fields,and 296 insects and acarid(belonging to 6 taxa)from the rodents trapped in the household *** 66%of the rodents trapped from the crop fields and 47%of those trapped from the household compounds were infested with *** sp.(64.9%)and Xenopsylla sp.(20.6%)comprised the highest proportion of the ectoparasites recovered in the crop fields,and the same ectoparasites,but in reverse order,comprised the highest proportions in the household compounds(Xenopsylla[50.3%]and Laelaps sp.[29%]).Our study revealed that crop fields and household compounds in the highlands share similar rodents and several ***,at least 1 of the rodent species and some of the ectoparasites identified in this study were reported to have posed medical and veterinary threats in other parts of Ethiopia and neighboring countries.

关键词： ectoparasites Northern Ethiopia rodents zoonoses

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Human seroreactivity against Bartonella species in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 320-322页

作者： anne laudisoit Jennifer Iverson Simon Neerinckx Jean-Christophe Shako Jean-Marie Mafuko Nsabimana Gilbert Kersh Michael Kosoy Nordin Zeidner University of Liverpool LiverpoolUnited Kingdom University of Antwerpen AntwerpenBelgium Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fort CollinsColoradoUSA Katholieke Universiteit Leuven HeverleeBelgium Medical Reference Laboratory BuniaDemocratic Republic of Congo Urban Refugees Health Supervisor Handicap International France/ Burundi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaUSA

Objective:To assess the presence and identity of Bartonella species in a pool of human blood samples from DRC ***:Blood(±120μL) was collected anonymously from Congolese patients and placed on calibrated filter *** serology determination was performed using an indirect immun of luorescence assay(IFA) against six specific Bartonella antigens and Coxiella burnetii(***) *** end cut- of f value for Bartonella *** a titre greater than ***:None of the patients was positive for Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella vinsonii *** or Bartonella vinsonii *** nor for ***, but 4.5%of the 1SS samples were positive for either Bartonella henselae,Bartonella quintana, or Bartonella ***:This preliminary study presents the first report of Bartonella species in the DR Congo and the first report of antibodies to Bartonella clarridgeiae in an African human *** few experimental trials have established the link between fleas and Bartonella transmission,the repeated detection of similar Bartonella species in fleas and humans in several countries suggests that Bartonellosis could be another flea-borne disease which specific reservoirs are still unknown.

关键词： Bartonella Democratic Republic of Congo Serology Human

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High prevalence of epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic health areas in Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 663-676页

作者： Evy Lenaerts Michel Mandro Deby Mukendi Patrick Suykerbuyk Housseini Dolo Deogratias Wonya’Rossi Françoise Ngave Chellafe Ensoy-Musoro anne laudisoit An Hotterbeekx Robert Colebunders Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri Ministry of HealthBuniaDemocratic Republic of Congo Centre Neuro Psycho Pathologique Universitede Kinshasa(CNPP-UNIKIN)KinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo International Center of Excellence in Research Faculty of Medicine and OdontostomatologyBamakoMali Neglected Tropical Diseases Control program Ministry of HealthBuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales Hopital General de Reference de RethyRethyDemocratic Republic of Congo Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics University of HasseltHasseltBelgium EcoHealth Alliance New YorkUSA Global Health Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGouverneur Kinsbergen CentrumDoornstraat 3312610 WilrijkBelgium

Background:A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in many onchocerciasis endemic *** study is to estimate the prevalence of active epilepsy and exposure to Onchocerca volvulus infection in a rural population in Ituri province,Democratic Republic of ***:In August 2016,a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an onchocerciasis endemic area in the rural health zone of Logo,Ituri *** within two neighbouring health areas were randomly *** identify persons with epilepsy,a three-stage approach was *** the first stage,all individuals of the selected households were screened for epilepsy by non-medical field workers using a validated 5-item *** the second and third stage,suspected cases of epilepsy were examined by non-specialist medical doctors,and by a neurologist,respectively.A case of epilepsy was defined according to the 2014 International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE)*** to *** was assessed by testing for IgG4 antibodies to an *** antigen(OV16 Rapid Test,)in individuals aged 3 years and ***:Out of 1389 participants included in the survey,64 were considered to have active epilepsy(prevalence 4.6%)(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.6-5.8).The highest age-specific epilepsy prevalence estimate was observed in those aged 20 to 29 years(8.2%).Median age of epilepsy onset was 10 years,with a peak incidence of epilepsy in the 10 to 15 year-old age ***16 test results were available for 912 participants,of whom 30.5%(95%CI,27.6-33.6)tested *** prevalence of OV16 positivity in a village ranged from 8.6 to 68.0%.After adjusting for age,gender and ivermectin use,a significant association between exposure to onchocerciasis and epilepsy was observed(adjusted odds ratio=3.19,95%CI:1.63-5.64)(P<0.001).Conclusions:A high prevalence of epilepsy and a significant association between epilepsy and exposure to *** were observed in the population in Ituri

关键词： Onchocerciasis epilepsy Prevalence Democratic Republic of Congo

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Onchocerca volvulus as a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the Democratic Republic of Congo:a case control study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 781-786页

作者： Michel Mandro Patrick Suykerbuyk Floribert Tepage Degratias Rossy Francoise Ngave Mirza Nazmul Hasan An Hotterbeekx Germain Mambandu Jean Marie Kashama anne laudisoit Robert Colebunders Provincial Health Division of Ituri Ministry of HealthBuniaDemocratic Republic of Congo Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Ministry of Health ButaDemocratic Republic of Congo Programme national de lutte contre l’onchocercose KisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l’Ituri RethyDemocratic Republic of Congo University of Hasselt Campus DiepenbeekHasseltBelgium Office of the governor of Tshopo KisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo Neuropsychopathologic Centre of Mont Amba(CNPP) University of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo EcoHealth Alliance New YorkUSA

Background:A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in onchocerciasis endemic areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).With this study we aimed to investigate whether Onchocerca volvulus infection is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the ***:Between October and December 2015,a multi-centre case control study was performed in onchocerciasis endemic health zones(HZ)in the DRC:one study site was situated in Tshopo Province in the HZ of Wanierukula(village of Salambongo)where there had been 13 annual community distributions of treatment with ivermectin(CDTI),a second was situated in Ituri Province in the HZ of Logo(village of Draju)where ivermectin had never been distributed and in the HZ of Rethy(village of Rassia)where there had been THREE CDTI annual campaigns before the *** with unprovoked convulsive epilepsy of unknown etiology were enrolled as cases(n=175).Randomly selected healthy members of families without epilepsy cases from the same village and age-groups and were recruited as controls(n=170).Results:Onchocerciasis associated symptoms(e.g.,itching and abnormal skin)were more often present in cases compared to controls(respectively,OR=2.63,95%CI:1.63-4.23,P<0.0001 and OR=3.23,95%CI:1.48-7.09,P=0.0034).A higher number of cases was found to present with microfilariae in skin snips and with *** IgG4 antibodies in the blood compared to ***,the microfilariae load in skin snips was 3-10 times higher in cases than ***:This case control study confirms that *** is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Case control study Risk factors Democratic Republic of Congo

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