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Intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4264-4271页

作者： Giulia Roda Alessandro Sartini Elisabetta Zambon andrea Calafiore Margherita Marocchi Alessandra Caponi andrea belluzzi Enrico Roda Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bologna Gastroenterology Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital 40138 Bologna Italy

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) seems to involve a primary defect in one or more of the elements responsible for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and oral tolerance. The most important element is represented by the intestinal barrier, a complex system formed mostly by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs have an active role in producing mucus and regulating its composition; they provide a physical barrier capable of controlling antigen traff ic through the intestinal mucosa. At the same time, they are able to play the role of non-professional antigen presenting cells, by processing and presenting antigens directly to the cells of the intestinal immune system. On the other hand, immune cells regulate epithelial growth and differentiation, producing a continuous bi-directional cross-talk within the barrier. Several alterations of the barrier function have been identif ied in IBD, starting from mucus features up to its components, from epithelial junctions up to the Toll-like receptors, and altered immune responses. It remains to be understood whether these defects are primary causes of epithelial damage or secondary effects. We review the possible role of the epithelial barrier and particularly describe the role of IECs in the pathogenesis of IBD.

关键词： Intestinal epithelial cells Epithelial barrier Tight junctions Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis

How to predict clinical relapse in inflammatory boweldisease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 1017-1033页

作者： Elisa Liverani Eleonora Scaioli Richard John Digby Matteo Bellanova andrea belluzzi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Department of Physiology Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB2 3EGUnited Kingdom

Inflammatory bowel diseases have a natural course characterized by alternating periods of remission and relapse. Disease flares occur in a random way and are currently unpredictable for the most part. Predictors of benign or unfavourable clinical course are required to facilitate treatment decisions and to avoid overtreatment. The present article provides a literature review of the current evidence on the main clinical, genetic, endoscopic, histologic, serologic and fecal markers to predict aggressiveness of inflammatory bowel disease and discuss their prognostic role, both in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. No single marker seems to be reliable alone as a flare predictor, even in light of promising evidence regarding the role of fecal markers, in particular fecal calprotectin, which has reported good results recently. In order to improve our daily clinical practice, validated prognostic scores should be elaborated, integrating clinical and biological markers of prognosis. Finally, we propose an algorithm considering clinical history and biological markers to intercept patients with high risk of clinical relapse.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Clinicalrelapse Clinical predictors Fecal calprotectin

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the etiology of Crohn's disease, cause or epiphenomenon?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13060-13070页

作者： Elisa Liverani Eleonora Scaioli Carla Cardamone Paola Dal Monte andrea belluzzi Gastroenterology Division Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital 40138 Bologna Italy Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine Department of Experimental Microbiology Unit Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital 40138 Bologna Italy

The origin of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown. Attempts have been made to isolate a microorganism that could explain the onset of inflammation, but no pathological agent has ever been identified. Johne’s disease is a granulomatous chronic enteritis of cattle and sheep caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and shows some analogies with Crohn’s disease (CD). Several studies have tried to clarify if MAP has a role in the etiology of CD. The present article provides an overview of the evidence in favor and against the “MAP-hypothesis”, analyzing the methods commonly adopted to detect MAP and the role of antimycobacterial therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Studies were identified through the electronic database, MEDLINE, and were selected based on their relevance to the objective of the review. The presence of MAP was investigated using multiple diagnostic methods for MAP detection and in different tissue samples from patients affected by CD or ulcerative colitis and in healthy controls. On the basis of their studies, several authors support a close relationship between MAP and CD. Although increasing evidence of MAP detection in CD patients is unquestionable, a clear etiological link still needs to be proven.

关键词： Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Crohn’ s disease Inflammatory bowel disease Johne’ s disease Mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase

A new iron free treatment with oral fish cartilage polysaccharide for iron deficiency chronic anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases:A pilot study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1575-1578页

作者： andrea belluzzi Giulia Roda Francesca Tonon Antonio Soleti Alessandra Caponi Anna Tuci Aldo Roda Enrico Roda Enrico Roda Gastroenterology UnitUniversity of BolognaS.Orsola HospitalVia Massarenti

AIM： To investigate the effect of a new oral preparation, highly concentrated in fish cartilage, in a group of inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD） patients with chronic iron deficient anemia. METHODS： In an open label pilot study, we supplemented a group of 25 patients （11 with Crohn＇s disease and 14 with ulcerative colitis） in stable clinical conditions and chronic anemia with a food supplement which does not contain iron but contains a standardized fraction of fish cartilage glycosaminoglycans and a mixture of antioxidants （Captafer Medestea, Turin, Italy）. Patients received 500 mg, twice a day during meals, for at least 4 mo. Patients were suggested to maintain their alimentary habit. At time 0 and after 2 and 4 too, emocrome, sideremia and ferritin were examined. Paired data were analyzed with Student＇s t test. RESULTS： Three patients relapsed during the study （2 in the 3^rd too, 1 in the 4^th too）, two patients were lost to follow up and two patients dropped out （1 for orticaria, 1 for gastric burning）. Of the remaining 18 patients, levels of serum iron started to rapidly increase within the 2^nd mo of treatment, P 〈 0.05）, whereas serum ferritin and hemoglobin needed a longer period to significantly improve their serum levels （too 4） P 〈 0.05. The product was safe, easy to administer and well tolerated by patients. CONCLUSION： These data suggest a potential new treatment for IBD patients with iron deficiency chronic anemia and warrant further larger controlled studies.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Anemia Fish cartilage Iron deficiency

Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in Huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani H.Palpagama andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying HD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： Huntington degeneration cortex

Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in Huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 817-818页

作者： andrea Kwakowsky Thulani H.Palpagama Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

关键词： Huntington inflammation Medicine

Beyond neurodegeneration:engineering amyloids for biocatalysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2915-2916页

作者： andrea Bartolomé-Nafría Javier García-Pardo Salvador Ventura Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina(IBB)and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelonaSpain Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí Institut d’Investigaciói InnovacióParc Taulí(I3PT-CERCA)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSabadellSpain

Amyloid fibrils are highly organized protein or peptide aggregates,often characterized by a distinctive supramolecular cross-β-sheet *** formation and accumulation of these structures have been traditionally associated with neural or systemic human diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,type-2 diabetes,or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(Wei et al.,2017;Wittung-Stafshede,2023).

关键词： structure amyloid

Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 130-138页

作者： Ilaria Martinelli Jessica Mandrioli andrea Ghezzi Elisabetta Zucchi Giulia Gianferrari Cecilia Simonini Francesco Cavallieri Franco Valzania Department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D.Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Neurology Unit Neuromotor&Rehabilitation DepartmentAzienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal *** the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of *** superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized *** numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this *** this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during *** multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) autonomic extramotor genotype-phenotype multisystem involvement Parkinson’s disease sensory SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 urinary vocal cord palsy

Lighting the shades of hidden pain:a role for spinal cord neurons and microglia in vestibulodynia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2898-2900页

作者： Rosmara Infantino Francesca Gargano Serena Boccella Carmela Belardo andrea Maria Morace Francesca Guida Sabatino Maione Livio Luongo Department of Experimental Medicine Division of PharmacologyUniversitàdegli Studi della Campania“L.Vanvitelli”Italy UniversitàCampus Bio-medico di Roma RomeItaly

Vulvodynia,a chronic pain disorder affecting the vulvar region,represents a significant challenge in both diagnosis and treatment within the field of women’s *** condition is characterized by chronic pain that significantly affects the quality of life of afflicted *** present perspective paper examines the role of spinal sensitization and microglial activation in vulvodynia.

关键词： pain diagnosis activation