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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.D.james j.E.cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang Martin Rehwald Thomas Kluge Alejandro LasoGarcia Toma Toncian Karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm Thomas E.cowan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond j-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kj-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return

Land use and dingo baiting are correlated with the density of kangaroos in rangeland systems

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 299-315页

作者： Stuart j.DAWSON Tracey L.KREPLINS Malcolm S.KENNEDY juanita RENWICK Mark A.cowan Patricia A.FLEMING Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development(present address) South PerthAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development NorthamAustralia Queensland Department of Environment and Science Australia Queensland Department of Environment and Science MoggillAustralia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsWoodvaleAustralia

Rangelands worldwide have been subject to broadscale modiﬁcation,such as widespread predator control,intro-duction of permanent livestock water and altered vegetation to improve *** Australia,these landscape changes have resulted in kangaroos(*** macropods)populations increasing over the past 200 ***-garoos are a key contributor to total grazing pressure and in conjunction with livestock and feral herbivores have been linked to land *** used 22 years of aerial survey data to investigate whether the density of 3 macropod species in the southern rangelands of Western Australia was associated with:(i)land use,including type of livestock,total livestock,density of feral goats,type of land tenure,and kangaroo commercial harvest effort;(ii)predator management,including permitted dingo control effort,estimated dingo abundance,and presence of the State Barrier Fence(a dingo exclusion fence);and(iii)environmental variables:ruggedness,rainfall,fractional cover,and total standing dry *** kangaroos(Osphranter rufus)were most abundant inﬂat,open vegetation,on pastoral land,where area permitted for dingo control was high,and numbers were positively associated with antecedent rainfall with a 12-month *** grey kangaroos(Macropus fuliginosus)were most abundant onﬂat,agricultural land,but less abundant in areas with high permitted dingo ***(Osphranter robustus)were most abundant in rugged pastoral land with open vegetation,where permitted dingo control was *** environmental variables are key drivers of landscape productivity and kangaroo populations,anthropogenic factors such as land use and permitted dingo control are strongly associated with kangaroo abundance.

关键词： herbivores livestock macropods overgrazing rangelands total grazing pressure

Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Artemis-Deficient SCID

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第12期44卷 2107-2107页

作者： Morton j.cowan From the Departments of Pediatrics (M.j.C. J.Y. J.F. C.F.-B. U.S. M.K. J.D. J.L.-B. W.C. S.C. R.C. C.C.D. J.M.P.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.H.) the Smith Cardiovascular Research Institute (M.J.C. J.M.P.) and the School of Pharmacy (J.L.-B.) University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital (M.J.C. J.F. J.D. J.L.-B. J.O. C.C.D. J.M.P.) San Francisco the Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (L.B.) and the Department of Pediatrics UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital Los Angeles (C.Y.K.) - all in California the Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital St. Petersburg FL (D.C.) the Department of Pediatrics Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center University of Montreal Montreal (H.D.) Tuba City Regional Health Care Tuba City (C.G. D.H.) and Phoenix Children's Hospital Phoenix (H.K.M.) - both in Arizona the Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle (A.P.) Clinical Development Roche Diagnostics Solutions Singapore (D.P.) the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD (H.L.M.) and the Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development University of Minnesota Minneapolis (R.S.M.).

Background:The DNA-repair enzyme Artemis is essential for rearrangement of T-and B-cell *** in DCLRE1C,which encodes Artemis,cause Artemis-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency(ART-SCID),which is poorly responsiv... 详细信息

关键词： SCID immunodeficiency Artemis

GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUCKINGHAM Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.CHADWICK Christina K.BAXTER joanna M.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas j.cowan julia DREWER Colm DUFFY Naomi jFOX Asma jEBARI Becky jENKINS Dominika j.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.MCAULIFFE Steven j.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RICHARDS Rainer ROEHE jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN john WILLIAMS jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural College EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The james Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

Phase transitions between tropical,subtropical,and extratropical cyclones:A review from IWTC-10

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第4期12卷 294-308页

作者： Kimberly Wood Wataru Yanase jack Beven Suzana j.Camargo joseph B.Courtney Chris Fogarty junya Fukuda Naoko Kitabatake Matthew Kucas Ron McTaggart-cowan Michelle Simoes Reboita jacopo Riboldi The University of Arizona ArizonaUSA Meteorological Research Institute IbarakiJapan National Hurricane Center MiamiUSA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesUSA Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneAustralia Canadian Hurricane Center Nova ScotiaCanada japan Meteorological Agency TokyoJapan Meteorological College ChibaJapan joint Typhoon Warning Center HonoluluUSA Environment and Climate Change Gatineau QuebecCanada Federal University of Itajuba ItajubaBrazil ETH Zurich ZurichSwitzerland

This review,which was adapted from a Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10)report,discusses research findings and operational practices relevant to cyclone types and phase transitions(extratropical,subtropical,and tropical).The cyclone phase space(CPS)method is widely used in both historical investigations and real-time evaluation of cyclone type and transition;however,CPS parameter values depend on input data resolution,and universal thresholds do not currently exist to delineate when a cyclone transitions from one type to *** of phase transitions in a changing climate highlight potential latitude shifts in extratropical transition and increased potential for tropical transition,but realistic projections of future trends likely require high-resolution simulations that can capture the cyclone warm *** meteorological centers apply varied approaches to cyclone classification via CPS parameters and other criteria,some of which depend on the tropical basin,yet these approaches cannot fully address challenges in operational classification and subsequently in communicating risks associated with these phase *** recommend a multivariate historical assessment of tropical and subtropical cyclones across all basins in which they occur,including the South Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea,to identify the potential for a more universal cyclone classification approach that meets operational needs.

关键词： Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical transition Tropical transition

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.j. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.j. Addison j. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras j. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi j. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.j. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke j.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen j.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki j.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.j. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena j-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos j.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah j. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.j. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.j. Bailey V.R. Bailey j.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas j. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS jET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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最佳倾斜叠加法及其在抑制地震噪声上的应用

最佳倾斜叠加法及其在抑制地震噪声上的应用

伴或不伴腺样囊性癌形态学特点的食道基底样鳞状细胞癌

美国勘探地球物理学家学会第62届年会

作者： Cavid j．Monk Philip B．cowan 周延坤 Halliburton Geophysical Services

文章介绍一种将地震数据转换到零偏移距时间和倾角(τ—p)域的新方法,它的基础是一种地震道最佳叠加的方法。利用该技术,所确定的数据的离散τ—p图象中的随机噪声最小并使线性同相轴的τ—p响应得到压缩,所以可大大地减弱假频效应。如...

文章介绍一种将地震数据转换到零偏移距时间和倾角(τ—p)域的新方法,它的基础是一种地震道最佳叠加的方法。利用该技术,所确定的数据的离散τ—p图象中的随机噪声最小并使线性同相轴的τ—p响应得到压缩,所以可大大地减弱假频效应。如果使用小局部倾斜叠加,则这种新转换法可用来衰减叠后噪声。因此在噪声衰减方面此方法优于常规方法。文章中的实际数据和合成数据例子都证实本方法可用于噪声衰减。本文还证实本方法可用于其它地震资料处理。

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来源： cnki会议评论

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伴或不伴腺样囊性癌形态学特点的食道基底样鳞状细胞癌