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Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen Hailong Cao Ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological Institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent *** is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of *** microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive *** article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative *** article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial ***,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5+CD8+T cells as immune regulators in hepatitis Be antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B under interferonalpha treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 73-83页

作者： Zhen-Yu Xu Zhong-Shang dai Guo-Zhong Gong Min Zhang Department of Infectious Diseases Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011Hunan ProvinceChina Institute of Hepatology and Department of Infectious Diseases The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5(CXCR5)^(+)CD8^(+)T cells represent a unique immune subset with dual roles,functioning as cytotoxic cells in persistent viral infections while promoting B cell *** their importance,the specific role of CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells in chronic hepatitis B(CHB),particularly during interferon-alpha(IFN-α)treatment,is not fully *** study aims to elucidate the relationship between CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells and sustained serologic response(SR)in patients undergoing 48 weeks of pegylated IFN-α(peg-IFN-α)treatment for *** To elucidate the relationship between CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells and sustained SR in patients undergoing 48 weeks of peg-IFN-αtreatment for *** This study enrolled 60 patients with hepatitis Be antigen(HBeAg)-positive CHB undergoing 48 weeks of peg-IFN-α*** were assessed for eligibility based on criteria such as persistent HBsAg-positive status for at least six months,HBeAb-negative,hepatitis B virus DNA levels exceeding 2×10^(4) copies/mL,and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels between 2 and 10 times the upper limit of *** samples were collected at baseline and at weeks 12,24,48,and a 24-week treatment-free follow-up(week 72)to measure serum interleukin(IL)-21 concentration via ELISA and to analyze CXCR5 and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression on CD8^(+)T cells by flow cytometry,CXCR5 is a chemokine receptor that directs immune cells to specific tissues,while PD-L1 is a protein that regulates immune responses by inhibiting T cell *** Patients with CHB exhibited significantly lower levels of circulating CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells compared to healthy controls(P<0.01).Notably,CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells were prominently expressed in patients who achieved sustained SR compared to non-SR(NSR).A significant correlation was observed between CXCR5 and PD-L1 expression(r=-0.189,P=0.002).However,there was no significant correlation between serum IL-21 level

关键词： C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 Programmed death-ligand 1 Interleukin-21 Pegylated interferon-alpha Chronic hepatitis B

Zinc finger transcription factors BnaSTOP2s regulate sulfur metabolism and confer Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in Brassica napus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2025年第1期67卷 101-116页

作者： Lihong dai Zhaoqi Xie Tianxu Ai Yushun Jiao Xiaoyi Lian Angchen Long Jinyun Zhang Guangsheng Yang Dengfeng Hong National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesJiujiang 332900China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572024China

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)exhibits high-sulfur requirements to achieve optimal growth,development,and pathogen *** the importance of sulfur,the mechanisms regulating its metabolism and disease resistance are not fully *** this study,we found that the zinc finger transcription factors BnaSTOP2s play a pivotal role in sulfur metabolism and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum *** findings indicate that BnaSTOP2s are involved in sulfur metabolism,as evidenced by extensive protein interaction ***2s knockout reduced the content of essential sulfurcontaining metabolites,including glucosinolate and glutathione,which is consistent with the significantly lowered transcriptional levels of BnaMYB28s and BnaGTR2s,key factors involved in glucosinolate synthesis and transportation,*** RNA-seq analysis revealed the substantial effect of BnaSTOP2s on sulfur metabolism from roots to siliques,which serve as pivotal sources and sinks for sulfur metabolism,***,we found that leaf lesion size significantly decreased and increased in the BnaSTOP2-OE and Bnastop2 mutants,respectively,compared with the wild-type during *** infection,suggesting a vital role of BnaSTOP2s in plant defense *** conclusion,BnaSTOP2s act as global regulators of sulfur metabolism and confer resistance to *** infection in ***,they have potential implications for improving crop resilience.

关键词： BnaSTOP2 Brassica napus CRISPR/Cas9 glucosinolate Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sulfur metabolism

The assembly and activation of the PANoptosome promote porcine granulosa cell programmed cell death during follicular atresia

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 121-135页

作者： Hao Wu Yingxue Han Jikang Liu Rong Zhao Shizhen dai Yajun Guo Nan Li Feng Yang Shenming Zeng National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China

Background Follicular atresia significantly impairs female fertility and hastens reproductive *** of granulosa cells is the primary cause of follicular *** and necroptosis,as additional forms of pro-grammed cell death,have been reported in mammalian ***,the understanding of pyroptosis and necrop-tosis pathways in granulosa cells during follicular atresia remains *** study explored the effects of pro-grammed cell death in granulosa cells on follicular atresia and the underlying *** The results revealed that granulosa cells undergo programmed cell death including apoptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis during follicular *** the first time,we identified the formation of a PANoptosome com-plex in porcine granulosa *** complex was initially identified as being composed of ZBP1,RIPK3,and RIPK1,and is recruited through the RHIM ***,we demonstrated that caspase-6 is activated and cleaved,interacting with RIPK3 as a component of the *** stress may exacerbate the activation of the PANop-tosome,leading to programmed cell death in granulosa *** Our data identified the formation of a PANoptosome complex that promoted programmed cell death in granulosa cells during the process of follicular *** findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying follicular atresia.

关键词： Follicular atresia Granulosa cells PANoptosome Programmed cell death

Unleashing the Spark South China’s Shenzhen has emerged as one of the leading cities in the low-altitude economy

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ChinAfrica 2025年第3期17卷 32-33页

作者： dai XIAORONG Shenzhen Special Zone daily

At Shenzhen’s renowned theme park,Window of the World,drones illuminated the night sky alongside fireworks during the Spring Festival holiday,creating a breathtaking *** Longgang District’s central area,citizens enjoyed panoramic views of the city from above through helicopter ***,in Dapeng New District,low-altitude rescue aircraft remained on standby 24/7 to ensure the safety of hikers in the mountains.

关键词： Spark altitude mountains

Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis, promotes microglial M1 polarization, and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 858-872页

作者： Xintian Ding Chun Chen Heng Zhao Bin dai Lei Ye Tao Song Shuai Huang Jia Wang Tao You Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.

关键词： apoptosis glycolysis inflammatory response microglia neurons polarization spinal cord injury Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2

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胃肠道疾病的经脉现象规律及机制研究进展

针刺研究 2025年第1期50卷 104-109页

作者： VO dai QUYNH 王佳琦徐枝芳周俊高菲菲张曼天津中医药大学实验针灸学研究中心天津301617 天津中医药大学针灸推拿学院天津301617 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心天津301617

经络学说是对人体生理功能、脏腑病理变化及其与体表表征的相互关系、体表相关的经穴在疾病状态下出现不同的特异性表征现象的认识,经络学说的研究对针灸的发展具有重要的科学意义。本文综述了不同的胃肠道疾病在体表产生的特异性表征... 详细信息

经络学说是对人体生理功能、脏腑病理变化及其与体表表征的相互关系、体表相关的经穴在疾病状态下出现不同的特异性表征现象的认识,经络学说的研究对针灸的发展具有重要的科学意义。本文综述了不同的胃肠道疾病在体表产生的特异性表征现象及规律,并提出脏腑的炎性反应可触发感觉新生和重塑,经过背根神经节传导至脊髓和脑,继而通过交感传出引起穴位局部发生免疫、血管等变化的潜在机制,以期为经络和脏腑疾病的相互联系和调控途径及其生物学机制提供更多思路。

关键词：胃肠道疾病经脉现象穴位敏化感觉传入神经传导

Timely Policy Exit:Reducing Over-Investment and Driving High-Quality Firm Performance

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China Economist 2025年第1期20卷 55-76页

作者： dai Hongwei Zheng Lichen School of Economics Central University of Finance and Economics(CUFE)BeijingChina

Using data from the 11th to 14th Five-Year Plan periods(2006-2025),this study applies a Difference-in-Differences(DID)approach to assess the impact of industrial policy *** that have faced policy withdrawal for over a decade are categorized as the treatment group,while consistently supported industries form the control *** analysis examines how withdrawal affects firm total factor productivity(TFP)and investment *** results show that policy withdrawal boosts firm TFP by reducing over-investment and improving the efficiency of R&D *** effect is particularly evident in industries with strong,competitive leading ***,in regions with lower levels of marketization,timely policy withdrawal plays a key role in curbing *** study also highlights a dual effect of policy withdrawal:while it fosters corporate social responsibility,it may also encourage financial *** findings suggest that the implementation of industrial policy should provide“timely assistance”over a limited timeframe rather than long-term support to well-established *** industries mature,policy support should be gradually reduced or phased out to avoid over-investment and enhance firm efficiency.

关键词： Industrial policy withdrawal total factor productivity(TFP) over-investment shift from the real economy to financial speculation staggered difference-in-differences(DID)

Artificially regulated synthesis of nanocrystals in live cells

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National Science Review 2022年第6期9卷 189-199页

作者： An-An Liu En-Ze Sun zhi-gang Wang Shu-Lin Liu dai-Wen Pang State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterResearch Center for Analytical SciencesCollege of ChemistrySchool of MedicineFrontiers Science Center for Cell Responses Nankai University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University

Live cells, as reservoirs of biochemical reactions, can serve as amazing integrated chemical plants where precursor formation, nucleation and growth of nanocrystals, and functional assembly, can be carried out accurately following an artificial program. It is crucial but challenging to deliberately direct intracellular pathways to synthesize desired nanocrystals that cannot be produced naturally in cells, because the relevant reactions exist in different spatiotemporal dimensions and will never encounter each other *** article summarizes the progress in the introduction of inorganic functional nanocrystals into live cells via the ‘artificially regulated space–time-coupled live-cell synthesis' strategy. We also describe ingenious bio-applications of nanocrystal–cell systems, and quasi-biosynthesis strategies expanded from live-cell synthesis. Artificially regulated live-cell synthesis—which involves the interdisciplinary application of biology, chemistry, nanoscience and medicine—will enable researchers to better exploit the unanticipated potentialities of live cells and open up new directions in synthetic biology.

关键词： cell synthesis nanocrystal quantum dot artificial metabolism