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Heterosis Analysis in Endogenous Substances in Root Bleeding Sap of Sorghum

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1963-1980页

作者： Renjie Zhao Yueqiao Li Chen xu Zhian zhang Ziyang Zhou Yihan Zhou Zexin Qi college of agriculture Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Academy of agricultural Sciences Changchun130033China Jilin Engineering Vocational college Siping136001China

Despite hybrid dominance contributing to the genetic improvement of crops,little is known about heterosis and inheritance patterns of endogenous substances in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)root bleeding *** this study,six sterile and six restorer lines of sorghum and 36 hybrid sorghum combinations formulated as incomplete double-row crosses were selected as test materials,and heterosis,combining ability,heritability,and their interrelationships of root bleeding sap endogenous substances in different hybrid sorghum combinations and their parents were *** results showed that the root bleeding sap of the F1 generation of hybrid sorghum had a high heterosis in both soluble sugar content and amino acid content at the flowering stage,and the average high-parent heterosis was 129.34%and 74.57%,***-3-acetic acid(IAA),cytokinins(CTK),gibberellic acid(GA_(3)),abscisic acid(ABA),soluble sugar,amino acid,and root bleeding intensity were mainly affected by non-additive genetic effects of the *** protein was affected by additive genetic effects of the genes and had a high narrow heritability(75.50%),which could be selected at low generations in *** combining ability analyses showed that the sterile lines 521A and 170A,and the restorer lines Ji318R and 0–30 were promising parents with high general combining *** analysis showed that all endogenous substances of root bleeding sap were positively correlated with the sum of parental general combining ability(GCA)at highly significant levels,and IAA,CTK,GA_(3),ABA,soluble sugar,amino acid,and root bleeding intensity were positively correlated with male GCA at significant or highly significant ***,the GCA of the restorer lines root bleeding sap endogenous material or the sum of both parents’GCA can be used to predict the performance of wounding endogenous material in the F1 generation of hybrid ***,this study results can help elucidate hetero

关键词： Sorghum heterosis root bleeding sap combining ability heritability

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Establishing VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to verify RsPDS function in radish

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1557-1567页

作者： Jiali Ying Yan Wang Liang xu Tiaojiao Qin Kai Xia Peng zhang Yinbo Ma Keyun zhang Lun Wang Junhui Dong Lianxue Fan Yuelin Zhu Liwang Liu National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement(East china)of Ministry of agriculture and Rural Affairs/college of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China college of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China college of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein(CRISPR/Cas)systems are effective technologies for rapid and accurate gene function verification in modern plant ***,the investigation of gene silencing and editing in radish remains *** this study,a bleaching phenotype was generated through the knockdown of RsPDS using tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-and turnip yellow mosaic virus(TYMV)-mediated gene silencing *** TYMV-mediated gene silencing efficiency was higher than the TRV-based VIGS system in *** expression level of RsPDS was significantly inhibited using VIGS in'NAU-067'radish *** rootless seedlings of‘NAU-067'were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes using the 2300GN-Ubi-RsPDS-Cas9 vector with two target *** adventitious roots were blue with GUs staining,and four of these adventitious roots were edited at target sequence 1 of the RsPDS gene as indicated by Sanger ***,albino lines were generated with ***-mediated transformation of radish *** base substitutions and three base deletions occurred at target sequence 2 in Line 1,and three base insertions and three base substitutions occurred at target sequence 1 in Line *** study shows that VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques can be employed to precisely verify the biological functions of genes in radish,which will facilitate the genetic improvement of vital horticultural traits in radish breeding programs.

关键词： Raphanus sativus L. VIGS CRISPR/Cas9 Agrobacterium rhizogenes A.tumefaciens RsPDS

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Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice(Oryza sativa L.)by regulating starch metabolism

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1507-1522页

作者： Yuguang Zang Gaozhao Wu Qiangqiang Li Yiwen xu Mingming xue Xingyu Chen Haiyan Wei Weiyang zhang Hao zhang Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/agricultural college YangzhouUniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under ***, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) non-structural carbohydrates(NsCs) enzymatic activity grain illing starch granules vascular bundle

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Whole-genome resequencing of Hu sheep identifies candidate genes associated with agronomic traits

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 866-876页

作者： Liming Zhao Lvfeng Yuan Fadi Li Xiaoxue zhang Huibin Tian Zongwu Ma Deyin zhang Yukun zhang Yuan Zhao Kai Huang Xiaolong Li Jiangbo Cheng Dan xu Xiaobin Yang Kunchao Han Xiuxiu Weng Weimin Wang State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730020China Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhouGansu 730046China college of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouGansu 730070China

The phenotypic diversity resulting from artificial or natural selection of sheep has made a significant contribution to human *** sheep are a local sheep breed unique to china with high reproductive rates and rapid *** selection signatures have been widely used to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation in ***,we conduct whole-genome sequencing of 207 Hu sheep and compare them with the wild ancestors of domestic sheep(Asiatic mouflon)to investigate the genetic characteristics and selection signatures of Hu *** on six signatures of selection approaches,we detect genomic regions containing genes related to reproduction(BMPR1B,BMP2,PGFS,CYP19,CAMK4,GGT5,and GNAQ),vision(ALDH1A2,SAG,and PDE6B),nervous system(NAV1),and immune response(GPR35,SH2B2,PIK3R3,and HRAS).Association analysis with a population of 1299 Hu sheep reveals that those missense mutations in the GPR35(GPR35 g.952651 A>G;GPR35 g.952496 C>T)and NAV1(NAV1 g.84216190 C>T;NAV1 g.84227412 G>A)genes are significantly associated(P<0.05)with immune and growth traits in Hu sheep,*** research offers unique insights into the selection characteristics of Hu sheep and facilitates further genetic improvement and molecular investigations.

关键词： Hu sheep Whole-genome resequencing Selection signature GPR35 NAV1 Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Dopamine improves apple replant disease resistance by regulating physiological resilience and rhizosphere microbial community structure

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 3025-3044页

作者： Peihua Du Yang Cao Huaite Liu Jiahao Ji Wei Sun xueying zhang Jizhong xu Bowen Liang college of Horticulture Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China

Apple replant disease(ARD)is a complex agricultural problem caused by multiple stressors that can lead to increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and limited nutrient utilization in ***,existing countermeasures cannot effectively address this ***,we used Malus hupehensis as a test organism to investigate whether the pleiotropic molecule dopamine can alleviate ARD using pot *** application of 100μmol L-1 dopamine significantly promoted the growth of apple seedlings in the replanted soil,with a relative growth rate increase of 17.44%.Our results revealed two major pathways by which dopamine regulates ARD resistance in apple ***,dopamine effectively reduces the level of ROS and activates the expression of genes related to nitrogen(N)transport and *** those genes,MdNLP5,MdNRT1.1,MdNLP2,MdNRT2.5,MdNLP3,MdNRT2.4,MdNADH-GAGOT,and MdFd-GAGOT were strongly regulated by *** regulatory effects promoted the uptake and utilization of soil N by the ***,dopamine improved the physical and chemical properties,enhanced microbial community diversity,and promoted mutual cooperation between microbial communities in the ***,dopamine altered the microbial structure of rhizosphere soil(upregulating Clostridiales,Gaiellales,Sordariales and Mortierellales;downregulating Micrococcales,Longimicrobiales,Hypocreales and Cystobasidiales).Notably,dopamine significantly upregulated the abundances of Gaiella and Mortierella,both of which were positively correlated with soil urease activity,soil available N content,plant growth and N *** also significantly downregulated the abundance of the plant pathogen Gibberella(by 11.71-fold)in replant *** results provide insights into the mechanisms by which dopamine promotes ARD resistance,and can promote the sustainable development of the apple industry.

关键词： continuous cropping barrier exogenous dopamine Malus hupehensis Rehd. 15N-labeling soil microbiome

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Gene cloning,protein expression,and enzymatic characterization of a double-stranded RNA degrading enzyme in Apolygus lucorum

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 119-133页

作者： Jie-Yu zhang Jing Zhao Keyan Zhu-Salzman Qin-Qin Ji Yi-Ping Jiang Liu-Bin Xiao De-Jin xu Guang-Chun xu Lin-Quan Ge Yong-An Tan college of Plant Protection Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Taizhou Customs of the People's Republic of china TaizhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

RNA interference(RNAi)is a powerful tool that post-transcriptionally silences target genes in eukaryotic ***,silencing efficacy varies greatly among different insect ***,we met with little success when attempting to knock down genes in the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum via dsRNA *** disappearance of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)could be a potential factor that restricts RNAi ***,we found that dsRNA can be degraded in midgut fluids,and a dsRNase of ***(AldsRNase)was identified and *** alignment indicated that its 6 key amino acid residues and the Mg2+-binding site were similar to those of other insects’*** signal peptide and endonuclease non-specific domain shared high sequence identity with the brown-winged green stinkbug Plautia stali *** showed high salivary gland and midgut expression and was continuously expressed through the whole life cycle,with peaks at the 4th instar ecdysis in the whole *** purified AldsRNase protein obtained by heterologously expressed can rapidly degrade *** comparing the substrate specificity of AldsRNase,3 specific substrates(dsRNA,small interfering RNA,and dsDNA)were all degraded,and the most efficient degradation is ***,immunofluorescence revealed that AldsRNase was expressed in the cytoplasm of midgut *** cloning and functional study of AldsRNase,the enzyme activity and substrate specificity of the recombinant protein,as well as the subcellular localization of nuclease,the reason for the disappearance of dsRNA was explained,which was useful in improving RNAi efficiency in *** and related species.

关键词： Apolygus lucorum cloning dsRNase enzymatic activity protein expression

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agriculture green development in china: insights and advances

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Frontiers of agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 5-19,I0005页

作者： Jianbo SHEN Qichao ZHU Yong HOU Wen-Feng CONG Wen xu Jiuliang xu Zhichao AN Xiaoqiang JIAO Kai zhang Tianxiang YU Lin MA Oene OENEMA William J.DAVIES Fusuo zhang State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China Wageningen Environmental Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancasterLA14YQUK

Reconciling the tasks of producing adequate amounts of nutritious food for the increasing global population while preserving the environment and natural ecosystems simultaneously is an enormous challenge. The concept of agriculture green development(AGD) and the necessary governmental policies were developed to address the aforementioned challenge in china and to help achieve the related global sustainable development goals. agriculture green development emphasizes the synergy between green and development;current agriculture has to transform from the intensive farming with high inputs, high environmental impacts and low resource-use efficiency to a more sustainable agriculture, in order to ensure an adequate supply of nutritious food while delivering environmental integrity, improved economic profitability,and social equity. A research program on AGD was established by china agricultural university with four research themes, namely: green crop production, green integrated crop-animal production, green food and industry,and green ecological environment and ecosystem services, to provide a scientific basis for future developments and to facilitate the implementation of AGD in practice. AGD requires a multistakeholder approach, fueled by innovative and interdisciplinary research. Joint actions have to be taken by governments, farmers, supply industries, consumers, educators, extension services and researchers to support AGD. This requires strong coordination and public awareness campaigns. This review presents the progress that has been made over the past 5 years and makes recommendations for more research and development, in order to better deliver agricultural green and sustainable development on national and international scales.

关键词： agriculture ecosystem services environmental protection food security green development multi-sectoral cooperation sustainable development

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CentIER:Accurate centromere identification for plant genomes

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Plant Communications 2024年第10期5卷 12-15页

作者： Dong xu Jinbao Yang Huaming Wen Wenle Feng Xiaohui zhang Xingqi Hui Junyang Yue Yun xu Fei Chen Weihua Pan Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainan 571101China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China college of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China School of Horticulture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui 230026China Nan Fan college Hainan UniversitySanyaHainan 572000China

Dear Editor,Centromeres,the basis for cell division,offer essential insights into cell dynamics,genome stability,and evolutionary processes(McKinley and Cheeseman,2016).Because of ultra-high complexity,high-quality sequences of centromeric regions have long been difficult to obtain,hindering studies of centromere function,evolution,and variation.

关键词： hinder insight stability

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Calcium carbonate promotes the formation and stability of soil macroaggregates in mining areas of china

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1034-1047页

作者： Junyu Xie Jianyong Gao Hanbing Cao Jiahui Li Xiang Wang Jie zhang Huisheng Meng Jianping Hong Tingliang Li Minggang xu college of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources Taiyuan 030031China college of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

We studied changes in the concentrations of aggregate-cementing agents after different reclamation times and with different fertilization regimes,as well as the formation mechanism of aggregates in reclaimed soil,to provide a theoretical basis for rapid reclamation of soil fertility in the subsidence area of coal mines in Shanxi Province,*** this study,soil samples of 0–20 cm depth were collected from four fertilization treatments of a longterm experiment started in 2008:no fertilizer (CK),inorganic fertilizer (NPK),chicken manure compost (M),and50%inorganic fertilizer plus 50%chicken manure compost (MNPK).The concentrations of cementing agents and changes in soil aggregate size distribution and stability were *** results showed that the formation of>2 mm aggregates,the aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD),and the proportion of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates (WR_(0.25)) increased significantly after 6 and 11 years of *** concentration of organic cementing agents tended to increase with reclamation time,whereas free iron oxide (Fed) and free aluminium oxide(Ald) concentrations initially increased but then *** general,the MNPK treatment signi?cantly increased the concentrations of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3),and CaCO_(3) increased by 60.4%at 11 years after ***,CaCO_(3) had the greatest effect on the stability of aggregates,promoting the formation of>0.25 mm aggregates and accounting for 54.4%of the variance in the proportion and stability of the *** was concluded that long-term reclamation is bene?cial for improving soil *** MNPK treatment was the most effective measure for increasing maize grain yield and concentration of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3).

关键词： reclamation time manure combined with inorganic fertilizer soil aggregate stability cementing agents CaCO_(3)

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Investigation of conformational changes of cathepsin B as a feasibility assessment for NaCl reduction in Jinhua ham

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Shiqi Hu Guanghong Zhou Xinglian xu Wangang zhang Chunbao Li Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control， Ministry of Education， Key Laboratory of Meat Processing， Ministry of agriculture and Rural Affairs， Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control， college of Food Science and Technology， Nanjing agricultural university

To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham， the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods. The results showed that the activity of cathepsin B decreased with an increase in Na+cation content and temperature. Additionally， decreased α-helix content and increased β-sheet content were observed. The increase in sulfhydryl group content was attributed to the breaking of original disulfide bonds in the molecular structure or the release of embedded groups. Furthermore， the surface hydrophobicity gradually declined， which was consistent with the analysis of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy. At the molecular level， the number of hydrogen bonds formed in NaCl-treated samples decreased， and the interactions between the hydrogen bonding were less powerful， which caused instability in the binding of the protein and substrate. The conformation of cathepsin B accurately characterized its activity， and the structural changes had a macroscopic effect on the decrease in protease activity.

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