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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.z.Bai y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen y.Chen y.Q.Chen H.y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.z.Ding L.y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du y.J.Du z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov y.L.Fan S.S.Fang z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo y.P.Guo z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He y.L.He z.B.He z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou y.R.Hou C.y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang y.B.Huang y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.z.Jiang J.B.Jiao z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li y.Li y.y.Li z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.z.Liao y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.liu C.W.liu D.liu F.liu G.M.liu H.B.liu J.liu J.J.liu J.B.liu K.liu K.y.liu K.liu L.liu Q.liu S.B.liu T.liu X.liu y.W.liu y.liu y.L.liu z.Q.liu z.y.liu z.W.liu I.Logashenko y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü y.Lu y.Lu z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo y.H.Luo H.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma y.Ma y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan y.Pan E.Passemar y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

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Partition method and experimental validation for impact dynamics of flexible multibody system

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2018年第3期34卷 482-492页

作者： J.y.Wang z.y.liu J.z.Hong School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University

The impact problem of a flexible multibody system is a non-smooth, high-transient, and strong-nonlinear dynamic process with variable boundary. How to model the contact/impact process accurately and efficiently is one of the main difficulties in many engineering applications. The numerical approaches being used widely in impact analysis are mainly from two fields： multibody system dynamics （MBS） and computational solid mechanics （CSM）. Approaches based on MBS provide a more efficient yet less accurate analysis of the contact/impact problems, while approaches based on CSM are well suited for particularly high accuracy needs, yet require very high computational effort. To bridge the gap between accuracy and efficiency in the dynamic simulation of a flexible multibody system with contacts/impacts, a partition method is presented considering that the contact body is divided into two parts, an impact region and a non-impact region. The impact region is modeled using the finite element method to guarantee the local accuracy, while the non-impact region is modeled using the modal reduction approach to raise the global efficiency. A three-dimensional rod-plate impact experiment is designed and performed to validate the numerical results. The principle for how to partition the contact bodies is proposed： the maximum radius of the impact region can be estimated by an analytical method, and the modal truncation orders of the non-impact region can be estimated by the highest frequency of the signal measured. The simulation results using the presented method are in good agreement with the experimental results. It shows that this method is an effec-rive formulation considering both accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, a more complicated multibody impact problem of a crank slider mechanism is investigated to strengthen this conclusion.

关键词： Partition method Impact dynamics Experimental investigation Efficiency and accuracy Partition principle

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Dispersion and Damage of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube/7055Al Composites During High-Energy Ball Milling Process

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第2期34卷 196-204页

作者： S.Bi B.L.Xiao z.H.Ji B.S.liu z.y.liu z.y.Ma Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Beijing 100024China

High-energy ball milling(HEBM)combined with powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate carbon nanotube(CNT)reinforced 7055 Al *** powder morphology evolution processes(HEBM-1 and HEBM-2)were designed to investigate the dispersion and damage of CNTs during HEBM ***-1 evolution process involved powder fl attening,cold-welding and fracture,while HEBM-2 evolution process consisted of powder fl attening and *** HEBM-1,the repetitive fracture and cold-welding process was effective for dispersing ***,the powder fl attening process in HEBM-2 was unsuccessful in dispersing CNTs due to two reasons:(1)the thickness of fl aky Al powders exceeded the critical value,and(2)the clustered CNTs embedded in fl aky Al powders could not be *** of the broadening of D band and the appearance of a new defect-related D’band,product of I D/I G and full width half maximum of D band,rather than I D/I G,was used to evaluate the actual damage of *** indicates that the damage of CNTs was severe in powder fl attening and fracture stages,while the damage of CNTs was small in powder cold-welding stage.

关键词： Metal matrix composites Carbon nanotubes Powder evolution Dispersion and damage Powder metallurgy

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Dislocation ordering and texture strengthening of naturally aged Al-Cu-Mg alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 1-14页

作者： F.liu z.y.liu G.y.He L.N.Ou School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering Ministry of EducationCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Strength Structural Materials Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Stability of grain structure,dislocation ordering and strengthening mechanisms of the naturally aged AlCu-Mg alloy after solution treatment are investigated by using optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results show that {100},{100},{110} and {110}slip systems can be activated after solution treatment,which can promote the formation of {110}Goss *** combination effect of T-Al_(20)Cu_(2) Mn_(3) phase and Goss-oriented grains with large Taylor factor makes the solution-treated alloys display excellent stability of grain *** enhanced yield strength of the alloy is ascribed to grain-refine strengthening,dispersed particles strengthening,dislocation strengthening and texture *** coarsening of the second phase is responsible for softening of the alloy after annealing at 400 ℃+solution treatment at 475 ℃.

关键词： Al-Cu-Mg alloy Dislocation ordering Goss texture Grain structure stability Texture strengthening

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Finite Element Prediction of the Thermal Conductivity of GNP/Al Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第5期35卷 825-838页

作者： X.S.yang L.zhou K.y.liu z.y.liu Q.z.Wang B.L.Xiao z.y.Ma School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai264005China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

A 3 D multi-scale finite element model was developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelet(GNP)/Al *** factors influencing the effective thermal conductivity of the GNP/Al composites were investigated,including the orientation,shape,aspect ratio,configuration and volume fraction of *** results show that GNPs shape has a little influence on the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites,and composites with elliptic GNPs have the highest thermal *** addition,with increasing the aspect ratio of GNPs,the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites increases and finally tends to be *** GNPs configuration strongly influences the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites,and the thermal conductivity of the composites with layered GNPs is the highest among the five *** effective thermal conductivity is sensitive to volume fraction of ***,when the volume fraction of layered GNPs reaches 1.54%,the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites is as high as 400 W/m *** findings of this study could provide a good theoretical basis for designing high thermal conductivity GNP/Al composites.

关键词： Multi-scale finite element model Thermal conductivity GNP/Al composites Shape Aspect ratio Configuration

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Effect of Carbon Nanotube Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第5期27卷 901-908页

作者： z.y.liu B.L.Xiao W.G.Wang z.y.Ma School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences School of Mechanical Engineering Liaoning Shihua University

Carbon nanotube-reinforced 2009Al （CNT/2009Al） composites with randomly oriented CNTs and aligned CNTs were fabricated by friction stir processing （FSP） and FSP-rolling, respectively. The CNT/2009A1 composites with aligned CNTs showed much better tensile properties at room temperature and elevated temperature compared with those with the randomly oriented CNTs, which is mainly attributed to larger equivalent aspect ratio of the CNTs and avoidance of preferential fracture problems. However, much finer grain size was not beneficial to obtaining high strength above 473 K. The aligned CNTs resulted in tensile anisotropy, with the best tensile properties being achieved along the direction of CNT aligning. As the off-axis angle increased, the tensile properties were reduced due to the weakening of the load transfer ability. Furthermore, aligned CNTs resulted in much lower coefficient of thermal expansion compared with randomly oriented CNTs.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Metal matrix composites Mechanical properties Coefficient of thermalexpansion Friction stir processing

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Tensile Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Combined with Friction Stir Processing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第7期30卷 649-655页

作者： z.y.liu B.L.Xiao W.G.Wang z.y.Ma Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian University of Technology Liaoning Shihua University

A route combining powder metallurgy and subsequent friction stir processing was utilized to fabricate carbon nanotube （CNT） reinforced AI （CNT/AI） and 6061AI （CNT/6061AI） composites. Microstructural observations indicated that CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix in both CNT/AI and CNT/6061AI composites. Mg and Si elements tended to segregate at CNT-AI interfaces in the CNT/6061AI composite during artificial aging treatment. The tensile properties of both the AI and 6061AI were increased by CNT incorporation. The electrical conductivity of CNT/AI was decreased by CNT addition, while CNT/6061AI exhibited an increase in electrical conductivity due to the Mg and Si segregation.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Metal matrix composites Mechanical properties Electrical properties Friction stir processing

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Microstructure evolution and hot deformation behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced 2009Al composite with bimodal grain structure

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第11期70卷 73-82页

作者： K.Ma z.y.liu S.Bi X.X.zhang B.L.Xiao z.y.Ma Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China72 Wenhua RoadShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China

The hot deformation behaviors of the bimodal carbon nanotube reinforced 2009Al(CNT/2009Al)composite were studied by establishing processing map and characterizing the microstructure *** results indicate that the grain size in the ultra-fine grained zones was stable during hot deformation,while the coarse grained zones were elongated with their long axis directions tending to be perpendicular to the compression *** temperature with high strain rate(LTHR),as well as high temperature with low strain rate(HTLR)could increase the length/width ratio of the coarse grained ***,LTHR and HTLR could cause the instable *** instable deformation at LTHR was induced by severe intragranular plastic deformation and the localized shear crack,while the instable deformation at HTLR resulted from the more deformation component at the coarse grained zones,and the micro-pore initiation due to CNT re-agglomeration at the boundaries between the coarse and the ultra-fine grained zones.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Bimodal Aluminum matrix composite Hot deformation Processing map

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Effects of Three-Dimensional Platform Stiffness and Layer Dimensions on Separation of Carcinoma Cells

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1424-1433页

作者： W.G.zhang z.y.liu S.W.Pang Department of Electrical Engineering Center for BiosystemsNeuroscienceand NanotechnologyCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Cancer cell separation is highly desirable for cancer diagnosis and *** biochemical methods,engineered platforms are effective alternatives for sorting carcinoma cells from normal cells based on their unique properties in responding to the physical changes of the surrounding *** this work,three-dimensional(3D)biomimetic scaffold platforms were developed to separate nasopharyngeal carcinoma 43(NPC43)cells from immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial 460(NP460)cells based on precisely controlled design parameters including stiffness,number of layers,and structural *** migration characteristics of NPC43 and NP460 cells on the scaffold platforms revealed that NPC43 cells could squeeze into 10 lm wide,15 lm deep trenches while NP460 cells could *** different migration behavior was mainly due to cells having different interactions with the surrounding ***43 cells had filopodia-like protrusions,while NP460 cells exhibited a sheet-like *** these 3D biomimetic platforms,89%separation efficiency of NPC43 cells from NP460 cells was achieved on stiffer two-layer scaffold platforms with a 40/10 lm ridge/trench(R/T)grating on the top layer and a 20/10 lm R/T grid on the bottom ***,the separation efficiency was further increased to 93%by adding an active conditioned medium(ACM)that caused the cells to have higher motility and *** results demonstrate the capability to apply biomimetic engineered platforms with appropriate designs to separate cancer cells from normal cells for potential cancer diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Cell separation Cell migration Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) 3D scaffold platform

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MODELING OF ISOTHERMAL PRECIPITATION KINETICS IN HSLA STEELS AND ITS APPLICATION

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第6期17卷 902-906页

作者： X.M.zhao D.Wu L.z.zhang z.y.liu TheStateKeyLab.ofRollingandAutomation NortheastemUniversityShenyang110004China

Microalloying elements in high-strength low-alloy steels, such as Nb, Ti and V, precipitate during hot-rolling processes. On the basis of classical theory of nucleation and growth, quanti- tative modeling of isothermal precipitation was developed, which was tested by the stress rela- xation method, the calculated precipitation-time-temperature curve is in good agreements with the measured results, then the model was applied to predict the precipitation behavior during continuous cooling.

关键词： isothermal precipitation kinetics HSLA steel

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