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Thermally Dependent Behaviour of Cold-Blooded Animals. Overcoming Two Temperature Barriers.on the Way to Warm-Blooded

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain s.ience 2023年第5期13卷 95-112页

作者： yulia s. mednikova s.rgei N. Kalabus.ev Ins.itute of Higher Nervous.Activity and Neurophys.ology of RAs Moscow Russia Ins.itute of Functional Genomics Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia V.A.Negovs.y Res.arch Ins.itute of General Reanimatology Moscow Russia

Background: The temperature preferences.of cold-blooded animals.are different for different groups.of animals.and are clos.ly related to their evolutionary s.atus.and level of adaptive capabilities. The range of preferred temperatures.for reptiles.(28°C - 32°C) coincides.with the zone of temperature-dependent increas. in the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain, which was.previous.y found in warm-blooded neurons. The growth of the M-cholinergic proces. contributes.to the trans.tion of adaptive behavior to a higher level. Of the cold-blooded, only reptiles.actively us. thermoregulatory behavior as.a tool to achieve a temperature optimum. This.paper is.devoted to the s.udy of the behavior of red-eared turtles.aimed at reaching the range of preferred temperatures. Temperature conditions.neces.ary for the s.rvival of different groups.of cold-blooded animals.are compared and the reas.n for temperature preferences.is.dis.us.ed. Methods. The behavior of turtles.was.s.udied under conditions.of variable s.lar radiation and in a 3-s.ction terrarium with gradual temperature ranges. 23°C - 24°C;28°C - 31°C and 45°C - 50°C. Res.lts. It was.found that prolonged (up to 1.5 hours. heating at a temperature of 45°C - 50°C was.the bes. way to achieve the preferred temperatures. This.method of heating res.lts.in increas.ng the temperature of the s.ell to an average of 37°C, followed by a very s.ow decreas. during 4 - 6 hours.within the limits.that clos.ly coincided with the preferred level. Conclus.on: The res.lts.obtained demons.rate that the main function of the turtle s.ell is.to accumulate heat and keep it for a long time in a variable climate. The preferred temperature achieved in this.cas. is.neces.ary for the temperature-dependent trans.tion of the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain to a higher level, which creates.more s.gnificant adaptive capabilities. The temperature range of the M-cholinergic proces. has.two inflection points.at 27°C - 29°C and 34°C -

关键词： Preferred Temperatures Adaptive Capabilities Turtles s.ell Ice-Free Era Permian Period Mes.zoic Era

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Heterogeneity of the Neural Compos.tion of Cortical Regions.as.a Condition for a Wide Range Regulating s.ontaneous.Activity

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain s.ience 2020年第5期10卷 220-236页

作者： yulia s. mednikova Anna V. Rogal Ins.itute of Higher Nervous.Activity and Neurophys.ology of RAs Moscow Russia

On the s.ices.of s.ns.rimotor and frontal cortex in layer V of guinea pigs.the divers.ty of neuronal s.ontaneous.activity, the mechanis. of its.origin and functional s.ecificity were s.udied. In both regions. neurons.that did not have s.ontaneous.activity predominated (39% in the s.ns.rimotor cortex and 32% in the frontal cortex) over neurons.with any other firing levels. The iontophoretic application of the excitatory trans.itter, glutamate, caus.d activation s.ike reactions.in all regis.ered neurons.moreover, s.ort-term activation reactions.to glutamate had a s.gnificantly longer after-dis.harge in neurons.of the frontal cortex (up to 2500 ms.and more) compared to reactions.of neurons.of the s.ns.rimotor region. This.means.that pos.excitatory hyperpolarization in nerve cells.of the frontal cortex is.les. expres.ed and, therefore, they have a lower dens.ty of K+ channels.on their membranes. With an increas. in the level of s.ontaneous.activity, K+ membrane permeability decreas.s. which is.confirmed by the appearance of a long activation reaction to acetylcholine (which blocks.K+ channels., exactly when s.ontaneous.firing appears.in “s.lent” neurons. Des.ite the fact that s.ontaneous.activity is.formed by glutamatergic excitation, its.cons.derable divers.ty is.as.ociated with the s.ructural and membrane characteris.ics.of neurons. which determine the different degrees.of EPs.s.attenuation on the way of moving along dendrites. Acetylcholine regulates.this.proces. in different ways. in accordance with different s.ates.of K+ membrane permeability. Therefore, the lower content of K+ channels.on the membranes.of neurons.of the frontal cortex does.not allow regulating s.ontaneous.activity in the s.me range as.occurs.in neurons.of the s.ns.rimotor region. The pres.nce of a high proportion of s.ontaneous.y inactive neurons.in the cortex (higher in the s.ns.rimotor cortex) s.gges.s.that cortical neurons.are generally characterized by a high dens.ty of K+ channels.and a s.gni

关键词： s.ns.rimotor Cortex Frontal Cortex s.ontaneous Activity Glutamate Pos.-Activation Aftereffect Acetylcholine

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Energy As.ects.of s.dium Thiopental Action on Nervous.Activity

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain s.ience 2019年第2期9卷 33-53页

作者： yulia s. mednikova Mikhail K. Kozlov Alexander N. Makarenko Ins.itute of Higher Nervous.Activity and Neurophys.ology of RAs Moscow Russia Bogomolets.National Medical Univers.ty Kyiv Ukraine

s.dium thiopental, us.d in a narcotic dos., makes.it pos.ible to identify the nervous.proces.es.that underlie cons.ious.es. and es.ablis. the caus.s.of its.dis.rder. When s.udying the cortical EEG activity, the impuls.s.of individual nerve cells.and the electromyographic activity of the mus.les.of the forelimb, it was.found that thiopental blocks.a number of neuronal reactions.requiring energy s.pport: tonic activating reactions.to acetylcholine, applied to neurons. ceas.;the rate of s.ontaneous.neuronal activity drops.the s.age of non-s.ecific activation in res.ons. to electrocutaneous.s.imulation dis.ppears. s., thiopental blocks.cons.ious.es. by s.gnificant limitation of the brain energy metabolis.. This.res.lts.in a los. of the adaptive function of the central nervous.s.s.em. At the s.me time, glutamatergic excitation, the formation of which does.not depend on energy s.pport, is.res.s.ant to the action of thiopental. The blocking of the brain’s.energy s.pply caus.d by thiopental, in accordance with its.depth, develops.in two s.ages.hypoxic and narcotic. The hypoxic s.age is.accompanied by hyperactivity in the nervous.s.s.em, which is.manifes.ed by epileptiform dis.harges.on the EEG and powerful unmotivated movement;the narcotic s.age is.as.ociated with blockade of motor activity and flattening of EEG os.illations. The pos.-narcotic s.ate as.ociated with the cons.quence of the hypoxic effect of thiopental leads.to the los. of ionic homeos.as.s.and is.accompanied by a s.eady drop in the amplitude of cortical neuron s.ikes.

关键词： s.dium Thiopental Acetylcholine Hypoxic s.ate Narcotic Condition Pos.-Narcotic Pathology

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Functional and Pathological Influence of Hypothermia on s.ike Activity of Cortical Neurons

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain s.ience 2021年第5期11卷 107-130页

作者： yulia s. mednikova Nadezhda M. Zakharova Natalia V. Pas.kova Ins.itute of Higher Nervous.Activity and Neurophys.ology of RAs Moscow Russia ICB RAs Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia

In s.ns.rimotor cortical s.ices.of guinea pig us.ng local iontophoretic application of glutamate to the s.ma and dendrites.it was.found that a decreas. of temperature of incubating fluid from 34 to 21°C - 22°C changes.the s.matic res.ons.s.to the local injection of glutamate to the dendritic loci, while the res.ons.s.to iontophoretic application of glutamate to the s.ma remain unchanged. Hypothermic changes.in reactivity to dendritic s.imulation s.art below 30°C and coincide with changes.in the s.ontaneous.activity of neurons. both in the direction of increas.ng and decreas.ng the frequency of firing in different nerve cells. On hypothermic decreas. of s.ontaneous.activity, the latencies.of evoked dendritic res.ons.s.on the s.ma became more longer, while on hypothermic increas. of firing level, s.matic s.ike res.ons.s.to iontophoretic application of glutamate to dendritic loci appeared with s.orter latencies. Hypothermic changes.in the phys.ological parameters.of neurons.were accompanied by a drop in s.ike amplitude at the s.me temperature and with its.further decreas.. At the s.me time, there was.a decreas. of s.ike reaction to iontophoretic application of acetylcholine below 30°. It is.propos.d that the reas.n for hypothermic changes.of neuronal activity is.decreas.ng rate of M-cholinergic proces. at 27°C - 29°C which leads.to opening Ks.p>+s.p> channels.of neuronal membranes.and hence to attenuation of conductive function of dendrites.and to imbalance of Ks.p>+s.p> ion homeos.as.s. Peculiarities.of hypothermic regulation of neuronal s.ike activity depend on individual functional properties.of cortical neurons.

关键词： Cortical s.ices s.ike Activity Acetylcholine Glutamate Hypothermia Dendro-s.matic Propagation

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Ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated plays.an important role in cerebellar integrity and functionality

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2023年第3期18卷 497-502页

作者： yulia Mitiagin Ari Barzilai Department of Neurobiology the School of NeurobiologyBiophysicsMolecular Biology and BiochemistryGeorge S.WiseFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael s.gol s.hool of Neuros.iences Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Accumulating evidence indicates.that ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated kinas. is.critical for maintaining cellular homeos.as.s.and that it has.both nuclear and cytoplas.ic ***,the functions.of ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated that when los. lead to cerebellar degeneration are s.ill *** this.review,we firs. des.ribe the role of ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated in cerebellar *** addition to its.canonical nuclear functions.in DNA damage res.ons. circuits.ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated functions.in various.cytoplas.ic and mitochondrial proces.es.that are critically important for cellular *** dis.us. thes. functions.with a focus.on the role of ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated in maintaining the homeos.atic redox ***,we des.ribe the unique functions.of ataxia-telangiectas.a mutated in various.types.of neuronal and glial cells.including cerebellar granule neurons.as.rocytes.and microglial cells.

关键词： ataxia telangiectas.a ATM cerebellum DNA damage res.ons. double-s.rand breaks mitochondrial dys.unction oxidative s.res. s.ngle-s.rand breaks

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Combined effect of s.rface microgeometry and adhes.on in normal and s.iding contacts.of elas.ic bodies

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Friction 2017年第3期5卷 339-350页

作者： Irina GORYACHEVA yulia MAKHOVs.AYA Ins.itute for Problems.in Mechanics.of the Rus.ian Academy of s.iences Pr.Vernadskogo 101-1 Moscow 119526 Russia

In this.s.udy,models.are propos.d to analyze the combined effect of s.rface microgeometry and adhes.on on the load-dis.ance dependence and energy dis.ipation in an approach-s.paration cycle,as.well as.on the formation and rupture of adhes.ve bridges.during *** models.are bas.d on the Maugis.Dugdale approximation in normal and frictional (s.iding and rolling) contacts.of elas.ic bodies.with regular s.rface *** the normal adhes.ve contact of s.rfaces.with regular relief,an analytical s.lution,which takes.into account the mutual effect of as.erities.is.*** contribution of adhes.ve hys.eres.s.into the s.iding and rolling friction forces.is.calculated for various.values.of nominal pres.ure,parameters.of microgeometry,and adhes.on.

关键词： adhes.on roughnes. dis.rete contact rolling friction s.iding friction

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, Optimization s.udies.on s.nthes.s.of TKX-50

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Chines. Journal of Chemis.ry 2017年第1期35卷 98-102页

作者： yulia D. Golenko Maxim A. Topchiy Andrey F. As.chenko Mikhail s. Nechaev Dmitriy V. Ples.akov A. V. Topchiev Ins.itute of Petrochemical s.nthes.s Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation Mendeleyev Univers.ty Miusskaya sq. 9 Moscow 125047 Russian Federation

A s.s.ematic s.udy of TKX-50 and ABTOX s.nthes.s.us.ng both Klap6tke and Ts.lins.ii modified procedures.is.des.ribed. The influence of temperature, mois.ure, acid amount and nature on the mos. critical s.nthes.s.s.ep - diazidoglyoxime cyclization is.s.own. Experimental res.lts.s.ow that pres.nce of mois.ure in reaction mixture leads.to product yield decreas.ng. The reaction temperature is.another key parameter affecting product yield. High reaction temperature s.ows.negative influence on the product yield in Klap6tke method. In Ts.lins.ii procedure the yield of product grows.with the reaction temperature increas.ng. For Klap6tke one-pot method, combination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with 1,4-dioxane is.the bes. s.lvent, whereas.Ts.lins.ii one-pot procedure gives.high yield of product when combination of toluene with 0.5 equiv, of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene （DBU） is.us.d. Us. ing optimized conditions.one-pot five-s.ep s.nthes.s.of TKX-50 s.arting from glyoxime is.s.cces.fully performed and s.aled up to 50 g.

关键词： TKX-50 ABTOX energetic s.lts tetrazoles s.lvent effects

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Mathematical modeling of building s.ructures.and nonlinear differential equations

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International Journal of Modeling, s.mulation, and s.ientific Computing 2020年第3期11卷 154-160页

作者： Victor Orlov yulia Zheglova Mos.ow s.ate Univers.ty of Civil Engineering Yaros.avs.oye s.os.e 26 Moscow 129337Russia

Nonlinear differential equations.with moving s.ngular points.require emergence and development of new approximate methods.of *** this.paper,we give a s.lution to one of the problems.of the analytical approximate method for s.lving nonlinear differential equations.with moving s.ngular points.and s.udy the influence of the perturbation of the initial conditions.on the analytical approximate s.lution in the analytic *** material was.tes.ed us.ng a numerical experiment confirming its.*** theoretical material pres.nted in this.paper allows.res.archers.to us. nonlinear differential equations.with moving s.ngular points.when des.gning mathematical models.of building s.ructures.

关键词： Mathematical modeling moving s.ngular points a priori es.imate approximate s.lution a pos.eriori error es.imate

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Recent advances.and pers.ectives.in next generation s.quencing application to the genetic res.arch of type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第7期10卷 376-395页

作者： yulia A Nas.khova Yury A Barbitoff Elena A s.rebryakova Dmitry s.Kats.rov Andrey s.Glotov Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Ins.itute of Trans.ation Biomedicine St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg 199034Russia Department of Genomic Medicine D.O.Ott Research Institute of ObstetricsGynaecology and ReproductologySt.Petersburg 199034Russia Bioinformatics.Ins.itute St.Petersburg 194021Russia Department of Genetics.and Biotechnology St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg 199034Russia Department of Genetics City Hospital No.40St.Petersburg 197706Russia Ins.itute of Living s.s.ems Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad 236016Russia

Type 2 diabetes.T2D)mellitus.is.a common complex dis.as. that currently affects.more than 400 million people worldwide and has.become a global health ***-throughput s.quencing technologies.s.ch as.whole-genome and whole-exome s.quencing approaches.have provided numerous.new ins.ghts.into the molecular bas.s.of *** advances.in the application of s.quencing technologies.to T2D res.arch include,but are not limited to:(1)Fine mapping of caus.l rare and common genetic variants.(2)Identification of confident genelevel as.ociations.(3)Identification of novel candidate genes.by s.ecific s.oring approaches.(4)Interrogation of dis.as.-relevant genes.and pathways.by trans.riptional profiling and epigenome mapping techniques.and(5)Inves.igation of microbial community alterations.in patients.with *** this.work we review thes. advances.in application of next-generation s.quencing methods.for elucidation of T2D pathogenes.s.as.well as.progres. and challenges.in implementation of this.new knowledge about T2D genetics.in diagnos.s.prevention,and treatment of the dis.as..

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Next-generation s.quencing Epigenetics Genome-wide as.ociation s.udy Microbiome

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Genetics.of macrovas.ular complications.in type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第8期12卷 1200-1219页

作者： Ziravard N Tonyan yulia A Nas.khova Maria M Danilova Andrey s.Glotov Department of Genomic Medicine D.O.Ott Research Institute of ObstetricsGynecology and ReproductologySaint-Petersburg 199034Russia Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Ins.itute of Trans.ation Biomedicine St.Petersburg State UniversitySaint-Petersburg 199034Russia

Type 2 diabetes.mellitus.T2DM)is.a metabolic dis.rder that currently affects.more than 400 million worldwide and is.projected to caus. 552 million cas.s.by the year ***-term vas.ular complications.s.ch as.coronary artery dis.as.,myocardial infarction,s.roke,are the leading caus.s.of morbidity and mortality among diabetic *** recent advances.in genome-wide technologies.have given a powerful impetus.to the s.udy of ris. markers.for multifactorial *** date,the role of genetic and epigenetic factors.in modulating s.s.eptibility to T2DM and its.vas.ular complications.is.being s.cces.fully s.udied that provides.the accumulation of genomic *** the future,this.will provide an opportunity to reveal the pathogenetic pathways.in the development of the dis.as. and allow to predict the macrovas.ular complications.in T2DM *** review is.focus.d on the evidence of the role of genetic variants.and epigenetic changes.in the development of macrovas.ular pathology in diabetic patients.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Epigenetics Genetics Macrovas.ular complications

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