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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao Peter Halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han yue-hua sun Jacob Hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROH Tetrastes

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挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第3期34卷 833-845页

作者：孙月花张帆杨滨任建宋广生安徽工业大学先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室马鞍山243002 安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院马鞍山243002

通过显微组织观察、织构分析和拉伸测试等手段研究挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:均匀化态Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金中含有α-Mg、β-Li、Mg Li Zn、I相和W相。经热挤压后,共晶I相被碾碎成细小颗粒... 详细信息

通过显微组织观察、织构分析和拉伸测试等手段研究挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:均匀化态Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金中含有α-Mg、β-Li、Mg Li Zn、I相和W相。经热挤压后,共晶I相被碾碎成细小颗粒状,而W相保持原有块状形状。合金中α-Mg基体和β-Li基体在热挤压过程中均发生了动态再结晶(DRX),且晶粒随着挤压比的增加逐渐细化。经热挤压后,α-Mg基体的基面织构弱化和柱面织构增强是由于非基面滑移的激活;β-Li基体中形成明显的α和γ纤维织构主要与动态回复与动态再结晶相关。热挤压同时提升Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,并在挤压比为16:1时获得最佳的综合力学性能。

关键词： Mg-Li合金二十面体准晶相挤压比动态再结晶宏观织构力学性能

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Potential cuckoo hosts have similar egg rejection rates to parasitized host species

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 277-283页

作者： Tingting Yi yue‑hua sun Wei Liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Background:Thrush species are rarely parasitized by cuckoos,but many have a strong egg recognition *** date,there is a limited understanding of the relationship between host egg rejection and cuckoo parasitism ***:By using egg experiments in the field,we compared egg rejection between two non‑parasitized potential host species and two parasitized hosts of cuckoos in the same ***:The White‑bellied Redstart(Luscinia phoenicuroides),a host of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),rejected 66.6%of blue model eggs;the Elliot’s Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron elliotii),a host of the Large Hawk Cuckoo(Hierococcyx sparverioides),rejected 25%of blue model eggs and 46.1%of white model eggs;and the Chestnut Thrush(Turdus rubrocanus)and the Chinese Thrush(***),in which cuckoo parasitism has not been recorded,rejected 41.1 and 83.3%of blue model eggs,*** were no significant differences in the egg rejection among them,although the Chinese Thrush showed the highest rate of egg ***:This study indicates that the egg recognition ability of cuckoo hosts has no correlation with the actual parasitism rate of *** suggest that the egg recognition ability of the two potential host species may have been retained from a parasitic history with the cuckoo,while the two common host species have developed their egg rejection abilities due to current parasitism *** addition,our study highlights the importance of the multicuckoo parasite system for better understanding the selection pressure of parasitism on the evolution of host egg recognition abilities.

关键词： Anti‑parasitic strategy Cuckoo parasitism Egg rejection Large Hawk Cuckoo Potential host

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Nestling discrimination and feeding habits during brooding of Chestnut Thrushes

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 150-156页

Background:Nestling discrimination and feeding habits during brooding are important factors affecting host selec-tion of parasitic *** host birds can avoid being parasitized by discriminating their nestlings or feeding food not suitable for parasitic *** are common medium-sized birds with widespread distribution and an open nesting habit,but they are rarely *** remains controversial whether this is due to feeding habits and/or nestling ***:In this study,we tested the nestling discrimination ability and feeding habits of Chestnut Thrushes(Turdus rubrocanus)which is distributed in China’s multi-cuckoo parasitism *** nestling discriminability and feeding habits during brooding were studied by cross-fostering experiments and video recording to examine evolutionary restrictions on nestling discrimination and whether feeding habits are consistent with the growth of cuckoo ***:Our results indicate that Chestnut Thrushes using earthworms as the main brooding food can feed and maintain cuckoo nestlings and show no nestling ***:The present study confirms that feeding habits cannot be regarded as the main factor affecting Chestnut Thrushes being rarely parasitized by cuckoos but suggests that egg rejection is likely to limit the evolution of nestling discrimination in thrushes.

关键词： Anti‑parasitic strategy Chestnut Thrushes Egg rejection Feeding habits Nestling discrimination

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Can simple songs express useful signals for mate choice?

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Chinese Birds 2016年第2期7卷 110-115页

作者： Nan Lyu Jinlin Li yue-hua sun Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Background:As one of the most elaborate and diverse sexual signals,bird songs are prominent among mate choice *** generally prefer mates with larger repertoire size,which promotes the evolution of song complex?***,there are also some songbirds that have far simpler and less diverse vocalizations,which have not been the focus of scientific *** Phylloscopus warblers are accomplished singers with complex *** contrast,Hume's Warbler(***) has extremely simple *** order to explore the song's function,its evolutionary sig?nificance and particularly to assess its possible relationship with parental investment,we studied mate choice of the subspecies *** in Lianhuashan National Nature Reserve,Gansu,***:We recorded body measurements and songs of breeding males and then explored their relationships with the date of clutch initiation,reasoning that the characteristics of males that are involved with early nesting activities reflect female mate *** also recorded egg size and body measurements of nestlings to assess the rela?tionship between parental investment and mate ***:We found that male wing and tail lengths were positively correlated with early clutch initiation as were songs characterized by short duration and rapid rise to maximum *** also found that early?breeding females did not lay large eggs,but produced more surviving young,which grew up ***:Female mate choice criteria in this bird include both visual signals and song *** study supports the hypothesis that females may judge male quality from quite subtle *** order to reduce the risk of predation,a preference for such inconspicuous male characteristics may be partially driven by high vulnerability of this warbler to predators as a ground?nesting species.

关键词： Bird song Sexual selection Mate choice Parental investment Hume's Warbler

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The importance of willow to the Chinese Grouse:evidence from analysis on their breeding territories at Lianhuashan,China

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 210-217页

作者： Jin-Ming Zhao Yun Fang Yu-Hai Ma yue-hua sun Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui University Administration Bureau of Lianhuashan National Nature Reserve

Background: The habitat features of breeding territory have important adaptive significance for the survival and reproduction of territory *** Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi) is a rare and endemic species with rela?tively small distribution range and decreasing population *** is important to elucidate breeding territory habitat requirements of the Chinese Grouse for habitat management and conservation ***: Using radio?telemetry and field observations,we determined the core areas of 65 breeding territories of *** to three samples were selected in each core breeding territory as used sites and compared with nearby sites with no grouse occurrence using logistic ***: Our model showed a high accuracy in prediction of core breeding territory used by males,which preferred stands with more small deciduous trees(0.5 m ≤ height < 5 m),more small willow trees(Salix spp.,0.5 m infl≤ height < 5 m),greater willow cover,and greater herb *** number of small willow trees had the great?estuence on males' core breeding territory *** shrubs were also chosen compared with unused sites Tall conifer trees was an important determinant in the distribution of Chinese Grouse at the landscape scale,and was relatively important in the univariate model,but not included in our final multivariable ***: Male Chinese Grouse established territories at sites with abundant food *** the landscape scale,the Chinese Grouse occurred in alpine conifer *** the territory scale,small willow trees had the most important effect on males' core breeding territory *** suggest that the forest gaps in dense conifer for?est are important for improving the occurrence of willows and facilitating breeding territory establishment for the Chinese Grouse.

关键词： Salix spp Chinese Grouse Territory Core area Conifer forest Logistic regression

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The past,present,and future of the Siberian Grouse(Falcipennis falcipennis)under glacial oscillations and global warming

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 57-63页

作者： Wendong Xie Kai Song Siegfried Klaus Jon E.Swenson yue-hua sun Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Life Science Hebei UniversityBaoding071002China Lindenhöhe 5 D-07749JenaGermany Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesPO Box 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway

Global climate change has a significant effect on species,as environment conditions change,causing many species'distributions to *** the last three million years,the earth has experienced glacial oscillations,forcing some species to survive in ice-free refugia during glacial periods and then disperse *** this study,by assessing the potential distribution of Siberian Grouse(Falcipennis falcipennis),we used Global Circular Models and Representative Concentration Pathways to model their pattern of range changes during glacial oscillations and the potential impact of present global *** used 158 location records of Siberian Grouse to generate a full climate model using 19 bioclimate variables in *** discarded variables with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.8 and relatively lower modeling contributions between each pair of correlated *** the remaining variables,we created a normally uncorrelated simple climate model to predict the possible distribution of Siberian Grouse from the most recent Ice Age to present and to *** we added geographical data and the human interference index to construct a multiple factor full model to evaluate which were important in explaining the distribution of Siberian *** Total Suitability Zone(P≥0.33)of Siberian Grouse is about 243,000km^(2) and the Maximum Suitability Zone(P≥0.66)is 36,000km^(2) and is confined to the Russian Far *** habitat modeling suggested that annual precipitation,annual mean temperature,and the distance from lakes are the most explanatory variables for the current distribution of Siberian *** distribution center moved to the southeast during the Last Glacial Maximum and spread back to the northwest after the ice melted and temperatures *** total area range of Siberian Grouse experienced a dramatic loss during the Last Glacial *** warming is presently forcing the Siberian Grouse to migrate northward with a contraction of

关键词： Climate change Falcipennis falcipennis Ice age refugia Last glacial maximum

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A phylogeographic break and bioacoustic intraspecific differentiation in the Buff-barred Warbler(Phylloscopus pulcher)(Aves:Passeriformes,Phylloscopidae)

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Chinese Birds 2014年第1期5卷 3-14页

作者： Martin Packert yue-hua sun Balduin S Fischer Dieter Thomas Tietze Jochen Martens Senckenberg Natural History Collections Museum of ZoologyKonigsbrücker Landstraβe 159D-01109 DresdenGermany Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Science Institute of Ecology Evolution and DiversityGoethe UniversityMax-von-Laue-Straβe 1360439 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120 HeidelbergGermany Institut für Zoologie Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat55099 MainzGermany

Background: According to current taxonomy only three out of 27 Sinohimalayan leaf warbler species(Phylloscopidae) are considered genetically uniform across their entire breeding range along the Southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Buff-barred Warbler(Phylloscopus pulcher) being one of them. Because marked differentiation among Himalayan and Chinese populations has been recently demonstrated for a number of Phylloscopus species(or sister species) we investigated the intraspecific variation of a mitochondrial gene, songs and morphology of P. pulcher in a phylogeographic ***: We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b, reconstructed haplotype networks and analyzed DNA polymorphism among Himalayan and Chinese populations. We measured time and frequency parameters of two distinct song types and analyzed among population-differentiation in a principal component analysis and a discriminant analysis. We also compared measurements of body size dimensions taken from museum ***: The mitochondrial haplotype network(cytb) was divided into two distinct clusters corresponding to geographic origin of samples. Pairwise genetic distances among Himalayan and Chinese mt DNA lineages account for 1.3% which coincides with Pleistocene lineage separation at roughly 650,000 years ago. Genetic diversity is slightly higher in the Chinese part of the species' range with respect to haplotype and nucleotide diversity while the less diversified Himalayan population lineage shows signs of recent range expansion. The vocal repertoire of P. pulcher comprises two distinct verse types that are combined with short interspersed click notes to long continuous song displays. Trill verse types showed significant differences among regions in almost all measured frequency and time parameters: Chinese males displayed more rapid and more broad-banded trills at a lower pitch. In contrast,warbling verse types showed a distinctively different structure

关键词： Phylloscopidae Phylogeography East–west divide Territorial songs Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus

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Are cognition and personality related in budgerigars?

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 315-323页

作者： Jiani CHEN Lu CHEN Chuan YAN Zibo YU Yuqi ZOU yue-hua sun Institute of Innovation Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Science Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China School of Natural Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

In recent years,researchers have been attempting to relate differences in personality(e.g.,boldness,aggressiveness,exploration tendency)to variation in cognition(performances in tasks that require learning,reasoning,attention,or memory,etc.)both theoretically and ***,it is unclear on what basis personality and cognition might be associated with each *** theory suggests a connection between fast–slow personality types and cognitive speed–accuracy *** this study,we tested this hypothesis in budgerigars and found that,in their 1st associative learning,birds with fast personality(less fearful of handling stress)were fast learners in the beginning,while slow personality individuals improved faster,but both types of birds did not differ in ***,these relationships were *** significant relationship was found in subsequent learning tasks(reversal learning and a 2nd associative learning)in the familiar context(task setup and apparatus similar to the 1st associative learning).We then conducted a problem-solving experiment with novel setup and apparatus to test 1 possible explanation that the association between personality and cognition in the 1st associative learning might be caused by noncognitive constraint,such as fearfulness when facing novel task setup and *** found that fast individuals interacted more with the problem box and solved it,whereas the slow birds were *** suggest that personalities can influence cognitive performances and trigger a cognitive speed-improvement tradeoff under the novel ***,there are no consistent cognitive styles that co-varied with different personalities.

关键词： budgerigar cognition learning accuracy learning speed personality

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Nesting season,nest age,and disturbance,but not habitat characteristics,affect nest survival of Chinese grouse

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 29-37页

作者： Jin-Ming ZHAO Chen YANG Ying-Qiang LOU Mei SHI Yun FANG yue-hua sun Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China School of Life Science Huaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei235000China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China

Nest survival is a vital component of breeding success,and affects population dynamics,as the loss of nests is the main cause of reproductive failure in *** identify key factors for the conservation of Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi,we tested the effects of nest concealment,nest age,nesting season,and habitat edge on nest daily survival rate(DSR)of Chinese grouse using 54 nests found at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve,Gansu,China,***,we controlled for the effect of research activity by testing the effect of nest checks on ***,mammal predation caused 93%of nest *** was 0.986±0.0038 in the constant model and the probability of a nest with a full clutch of 6 eggs surviving the entire 40-day nesting period was 0.526±*** decreased with nest age and nesting season(from 19 May to 3 July).Mammals instead of avian predators being responsible for most nest failures suggest that nest sites might be selected to avoid visual avian predators,but not olfactory mammalian predators,and the decreasing trend of DSR with nest age and nesting season could attribute to an additive exposure ***,nest checks conducted by investigators significantly lowered nest DSR,especially during the late period of nesting season and for older *** predators might locate the nest site by following the investigator's *** on our results,we suggest that the late incubation stage is a particularly vulnerable period for nest survival of Chinese grouse and those researchers should adjust their activities around nests to balance the need of acquiring accurate data and decreasing nest predation risk.

关键词： nest age nest check nesting season nest survival program MARK Tetrastes sewerzowi

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