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The correlation between nitrogen species in coke and NO_x formation during regeneration

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第5期24卷 606-611页

作者： Teng Li Chaohe Yang Xiaobo Chen Libo Yao Wei Liang xuemei ding State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

Nitrogen oxides （NOx） emission during the regeneration ofcoked fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） catalysts is an en- vironmental issue. In order to identify the correlations between nitrogen species in coke and different nitrogen- containing products in tail gas, three coked catalysts with multilayer structural coke molecules were prepared in a fixed bed with model compounds （o-xylene and quinoline） at first. A series of characterization methods were used to analyze coke, including elemental analysis, FT-IR, XPS, and TG-MS. XPS characterization indicates all coked catalysts present two types of nitrogen species and the type with a higher binding energy is related with the inner part nitrogen atoms interacting with acid sites. Due to the stronger adsorption ability on acid sites for basic nitrogen compounds, the multilayer structural coke has unbalanced distribution of carbon and ni- trogen atoms between the inner part and the outer edge, which strongly affects gas product formation. At the early stage of regeneration, oxidation starts from the outer edge and the product NO can be reduced to N2 in high CO concentration. At the later stage, the inner part rich in nitrogen begins to be exposed to 02. At this period, the formation of CO decreases due to lack of carbon atoms, which is not beneficial to the reduction of NO. There- fore, nitrogen species in the inner part of multilayer structural coke contributes more to NOx formation. Based on the multilayer structure model of coke molecule and its oxidation behavior, a possible strategy to control NOx emission was discussed merely from concept.

关键词： NOx Basic nitrogen compounds FCC catalyst Coking Reaction Multilayer

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Effects of essential oils on performance,egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 127-131页

作者： xuemei ding Yang Yu Zhuowei Su Keying Zhang Institute of Animal Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of essential oils on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens. A total of 960 Lohmann laying hens aged 53 weeks were enrolled, under 4 different treatment diets supplemented with 0, 50.100 and 150 mg/kg essential oils(Enviva EO, Dupont Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Denmark), respectively. Each treatment was replicated8 times with 30 birds each. Birds were fed dietary treatment diets for 12 weeks(54 to 65 weeks). For data recording and analysis, a 12-week period was divided into 3 periods of 4 weeks' duration each: period 1(54 to 57 weeks), period 2(58 to 61 weeks), and period 3(62 to 65 weeks). For the diet supplemented with Enviva EO, hen-day egg production and the feed conversion ratio(FCR) were significantly improved(P < 0.05) at weeks 58 to 61, and the eggshell thickness was significantly increased(P < 0.05) at week ***, egg production, egg weight, feed intake, FCR and other egg quality parameters(albumen height, Haugh unit, egg yolk color and eggshell strength) were not affected by the dietary treatment. In addition, compared with the control diet, protein digestibility in the 100 mg/kg Enviva EO treatment group was significantly increased(P < 0.05), and fat digestibility in the 100 and 150 mg/kg Enviva EO treatment groups was significantly decreased(P < 0.05), but Enviva EO had no effect on energy apparent digestibility. Saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) gradually decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) increased with Enviva EO supplementation, but the difference was not significant. The data suggested that the supplementation of essential oils(Enviva EO) in laying hen diet did not show a significant positive effect on performance and yolk fatty acid composition but it tended to increase eggshell thickness and protein digestibility, especially at the dose of 50 mg/kg.

关键词： Essential oils Performance Egg quality Nutrient digestibility Yolk fatty acid profile Laying hens

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Reinforcement effect of fiber and deoiled asphalt on high viscosity rubber/SBS modified asphalt mortar

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Petroleum Science 2014年第3期11卷 454-459页

作者： Wu Mengmeng Li Rui Zhang Yuzhen Wei Jianming Lv Yuchao ding xuemei State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (East China)

In this paper we investigate the reinforcement mechanism of high viscosity rubber/SBS modified asphalt mortar mixed with fiber （mineral, lignin or carbon fiber） and deoiled asphalt （DOA）. The softening point, penetration and viscosity tests were conducted to characterize the engineering properties of asphalt-fiber mortar. The microstructure of fiber was observed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the results indicated that fiber can effectively improve the toughness of asphalt matrix through forming a spatial network structure, and then adhesion and stabilization of asphalt binder. The cone penetration test was designed to study the rheological property of fiber modified asphalt. The results indicated that the reinforcement effect increased with fibers and DOA fraction increasing to a certain threshold, and the optimal fiber content was dependent on the fiber type and its length. Fiber content and filler-asphalt ratio had significant effects on the softening point, penetration, viscosity and cone penetration of asphalt mortar.

关键词： Asphalt mortar fiber filler-asphalt ratio reinforcement mechanical property

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Effects of exogenous enzymes and dietary energy on performance and digestive physiology of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 294-302页

作者： Jialing Zou Ping Zheng Keying Zhang xuemei ding Shiping Bai Institute of Animal Nutrition Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University

The study was conducted to compare the effects of XG with AG and BM at different metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, digestive physiology and energy utilization of broilers fed with corn-SBM diet. A 2 x 4 factoria design was used with two basal diets （the positive control group, PC; negative control with ME reduction 100 kcal/ kg, NC） and with or without the addition of three exogenous enzymes （0.02% BM; 0.01% AG; 0.05% XG） respectively. 1,200 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 10 pens of 1_5 broilers. There was no significant difference on BW, BWG, and FI at 0-21d, 21-42d or 0-42d for diet, enzymes or their interactions, but FI at 22-42d and 0-42d were tend to be decreased with the addition of enzymes. The F/G was significantly improved by the addition of enzymes especially in NC diet. The dietary AME and TME in PC or NC diet were significantly increased by XG or AG in NC diet. The villus length and V/C of ileum were significantly increased by the addition of BM or XG. XG improved the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, BM improved the activity of trypsin at 21d, and AG improved the activity of chymotrypsin at 21d. Comparing to PC diet, the addition of enzymes in PC or NC diet decreased feed cost per kg body weight gain especially in NC diet （except AG in PC diet） with the highest profits for XG in NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.02% BM or 0.01% AG or 0.0.5% XG could improve feed conversion of broilers in corn-soybean meal diet by improving energy utilization and digestive physiology, and also supplementation of 0.05% XG had a preferable efficacy in low energy diet.

关键词： Broilers Digestive physiology Exogenous enzymes Growth performance

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Tea polyphenols increase the antioxidant status of laying hens fed diets with different levels of ageing corn

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 650-660页

作者： Ling Zhou xuemei ding Jianping Wang Shiping Bai Qiufeng Zeng Zuowei Su Yue Xuan Keying Zhang Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of EducationSichuan Agricultural University211 Huimin RoadWenjiangChengdu611130China

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ageing corn levels(stored for 4 years)with or without the supplementation of tea polyphenols(TPP)on the performance,egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens.A total of 288 Lohmann commercial laying hens(63-week-old)were used under a 2×4 factorial arrangement with 4 levels of dietary ageing corn(0%,25%,50%,or 100%)and 2 levels of TPP(0 and 600 mg/kg)for 8 *** ageing corn linearly decreased(P<0.05)the egg production,serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),liver glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of laying hens,yolk index,yolk colour,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)value and the reducing power value of egg yolk,but it linearly increased(P<0.05)the feed conversion rate,ovary malondialdehyde(MDA)content of laying hens,and the protein carbonyl content of egg *** polyphenol supplementation increased(P<0.05)the serum T-AOC,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),liver SOD,liver GSH-Px,ovary SOD,GSH-Px,the expression of antioxidant-related genes of laying hens,albumen height,Haugh unit,DPPH value and the majority free amino acids of egg yolk,but it decreased(P<0.05)the serum MDA content of laying hens,MDA and protein carbonyl of egg *** conclusion,the ageing corn significantly reduced the perfor-mance,egg quality,antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens,while TPP supple-mentation partially counteracted the adverse effects,especially antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens.

关键词： Tea polyphenol Antioxidant capacity Laying hen Ageing corn

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Calcium supplementation in low nutrient density diet for meat ducksimproves breast meat tenderness associated with myocyte apoptosisand proteolytic changes

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 49-59页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Quifeng Zeng Shiping Bai Jianping Wang xuemei ding Yue Xuan Zhuowei Su Joris Michiels Keying Zhang Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Chin1Ministry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium

To define the relationship between dietary nutrient density, calcium (Ca), and meat quality in meatducks. A total of 288 male Cherry Valley SM3 medium ducklings were fed a common standard starter dietuntil d 14. At 15 d of age, ducks were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups and fed either a conventionaldiet or a low nutrient density (LND) diet. Compared with the conventional diet, the energy wasreduced in the LND diet by 8.6% and 16.8% in grower (15 to 35 d) and finisher (36 to 56 d) phases,respectively, while other essential nutrients were kept proportionate to energy. The LND diet decreasedthe shear force (P ding 4 LND diets with 0.5%,0.7%, 0.9%, and 1.1% Ca. The results show that LND diets with 0.7% or more Ca decreased the shear force ofpectoralis major muscle in 42-d-old meat ducks (P < 0.05). To explore the mechanism underlying Ca andtenderness, data from birds fed either 0.5% or 1.1% Ca in the LND diet indicated that birds fed 1.1% Caexhibited lower shear force, upregulated calpains 1 expression, and higher calpains activity compared tothose fed the LND diet with 0.5% Ca (P < 0.05). Moreover, the 1.1% Ca LND diet induced a higher myocyteapoptosis (P =0.06) and upregulated mRNA expression of caspase-3 (P =0.07) in breast muscle. Our datasuggest that LND diets with 0.9% or 1.1% Ca had a positive role in the tenderness of breast meat,particularly the enhancing effect of 1.1% Ca LND diet on tenderness seems to be associated with proteolyticchanges of myofibrillar proteins and myocyte apoptosis in meat ducks.

关键词： Nutrient density Ca Tenderness Meat duck

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Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiome alterations are associated with cholesterol deposition in the liver of laying hens fed with rapeseed meal

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1258-1270页

作者： Liping Zhu Jianping Wang xuemei ding Shiping Bai Qiufeng Zeng Yue Xuan Gregory S.Fraley Keying Zhang Animal Nutrition Institute Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China Department of Biology Hope CollegeHollandMI49423USA

Sinapine derived from cruciferous plants could be converted into trimethylamine by intestinal *** metabolite,trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),is closely linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fat deposition in *** fed with rapeseed meal(RSM)suffered from fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome(FLHS).This study was conducted to investigate whether RSM-induced fatty liver is due to TMAO via altering microbiota composition and *** 33 weeks of age,600 laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups,namely control and 14%RSM treatment groups(DY5,with 16.2% erucic acid [EA]and 74.66% glucosinolate[Gl]contents;MB1,with 3.50% EA and 43.23 %Gl contents;DY6,with 6.7% EA and 22.67% Gl contents;XH3,with 44.60% EA and 132.83% Gl contents)for 8 *** revealed that 3 hens died due to liver hemorrhage after ingesting 14% RSM *** 14% RSM decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)content(Pding protein 2(SREBP-2,P=0.04).Results revealed that the in-feed RSM could alter richness and diversity of cecal microbiota compared to the control(P<0.05).Liver TC content and serum TMAO showed a negative relationship with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria(P=0.04).In conclusion,14%RSM increased liver TC and induced high liver score of FLHS,which was possibly associated with the altered cecal microbiota composition,increased serum TMAO levels and LXR-αand SREBP-2 expressions.

关键词： Sinapine Expeller rapeseed meal Trimethylamine N-oxide Liver lipid Cecum microbiota Laying hen

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Effects of a multi-enzyme complex on growth performance,nutrient utilization and bone mineralization of meat duck

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 402-409页

作者： Qiufeng Zeng Xueqin Huang Yuheng Luo xuemei ding Shiping Bai Jianping Wang Yue Xuan Zhuowei Su Yonggang Liu Keying Zhang Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of EducationSichuan Agricultural University Adisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

Background： Previous studies with broiler have shown dietary supplementation with multi-enzyme complex containing non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） degrading enzymes and phytase is efficient in releasing phosphorus （P）, calcium （Ca）, energy and amino acids from corn-soybean meal diets or corn-sorghum diets, hence compensating considerable levels of nutrients in formulation. Notwithstanding, such potentials have not been well defined in duck nutrition. Giving China being the largest duck producing country, we conducted this study to establish adequate specifications of major nutrients along with multi-enzyme complex to meat duck from day-old to slaughter, focusing on performance, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization. Five dietary treatments were： Positive control （PC,T1）： the nutrients concentration of diet for 1 to 14 d of age were apparent metabolizable energy（AME） 2,800 kcal/kg, crude protein （CP）1 9.39%, Ca 0.85%, available phosphorus （avP） 0.42%; for 15 to 35 d of age these parameters were AME 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 16.47%,Ca 0.76%,avP 0.38%; Negative control 1（NC1,7-2）, the AME and digestible amino acids （DAA） were reduced by 70 kcal/kg and 2.0%, avP and Ca by 1.0 g/kg from PC diet; Negative control 2（NC2,T4）, the down- spec from PC diet was AME 100 kcal/kg, DAA 2.5%, avP 1.5 g/kg and Ca 1.2 g/kg; The enzyme complex was added at the same dosage （200 mL/1,000 kg） on NC1 （T3） and NC2 （T5） diets. Results： Comparing with the ducks fed on T1, T3 and T5 diets, the birds fed on NC2 diet showed the lowest （P 〈 0.05） body weight （ d 14 and 35）, feed intake （d 35）, tibia ash, Ca and P contents （d 14 and 35）, and the utilization of nutrients （P 〈 0.05）. The supplementation with the enzyme complex to the NC diets restored growth rate, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization to the level of the PC diet, and increased AME by 60 kcal/kg and 117 kcal/kg, respectively for the NC1 and NC2 diets. Conclusion： These results suggest that down-spec AME by 100 kcal/kg,

关键词： Formulation specification Growth Phytase Meat duck Non-starch polysaccharides enzyme

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Dietary resistant starch ameliorating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in meat ducks associated with the alteration in gut microbiome and glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1945-1958页

作者： Simeng Qin Weiqiang Bai Todd JApplegate Keying Zhang Gang Tian xuemei ding Shiping Bai Jianping Wang Li Lv Huanwei Peng Yue Xuan Qiufeng Zeng Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Department of Poultry Science University of Georgia110 Cedar StAthensGA 30602USA

Background:Consumption of resistant starch(RS)has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits,but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is ***,we examined how dietary RS supplementation from 12%raw potato starch(RPS)modulated inflammatory severity induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in meat ***:LPS administration at 14,16,and 18 d(chronic challenge)decreased body weight(BW)and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)level with higher intestinal permeability and inflammation,evident by higher proinflammatory cytokine *** 12%RPS supplementation enhanced Claudin-1 and GLP-1R expression,along with lower levels of inflammatory factors in both ileum and *** analysis showed that RS treatment shifted microbial structure reflected by enriched the proportion of Firmicutes,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,*** RS addition also significantly increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate during chronic LPS ***,response to acute challenge,the ducks received 2 mg/kg BW LPS at 14 d had higher concentrations of serum endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines,as well as upregulated transcription of toll like receptor 4(TLR4)in ileum when compared to control *** to GLP-1 agonist liraglutide,dietary RS addition decreased endotoxins and inflammation cytokines,whereas it upregulated the GLP-1 synthesis related genes ***,dietary RS supplementation suppressed the acute LPS challenge-induced TLR4 ***:These data suggest that dietary 12%RPS supplementation could attenuate the LPS-induced inflammation as well as intestinal injury of meat ducks,which might involve in the alteration in gut microbiota,SCFAs production and the signaling pathways of TLR4 and GLP-1/GLP-1R.

关键词： GLP-1 Inflammatory response Intestinal integrity Microbiota Resistant starch

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Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol increases tibial mass by suppression bone resorption in meat ducks

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 467-479页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Qiufeng Zeng Shiping Bai Jianping Wang xuemei ding Yue Xuan Zhuowei Su Gergory S.Fraley Bing Yao Keying Zhang Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China Biology Department Hope CollegeHolland49423USA DSM(China)Ltd. PuDong New AreaShanghai201203China

Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks,leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous *** hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delaying weight gain via a low nutrient density(LND)diet probably reverses these skeletal *** indicated that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol(25-OH-D3),a vitamin D3 metabolite,is effective in treating bone-related ***,Exp.1 evaluated the effects of 25-OH-D3 on tibial mass of meat *** meat ducklings were fed a standard nutrient density diet(containing a regular vitamin regimen)without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg for 35 *** results showed that 25-OH-D3 supplementation improved the mineral content,microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tibias,and this companied by a decreased serum bone resorption marker and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes ***,Exp.2 was conducted to examine the impacts of 25-OH-D3 incorporating an LND diet on tibial quality of ducks under 2 different vitamin regimens(regular and high).Ducklings were allocated to a 2*2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes and without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg in LND *** high premix had higher levels of all vitamins except biotin than the regular *** results demonstrated that high vitamin diets exhibited more significant effects than regular vitamin diets on inhibiting bone turnover and increasing minerals *** mineral content,microarchitecture,and strength of birds under the regular vitamin regimen were increased by 25-OH-D3 supplementation;However,these positive effects were not observed in ducks under the high vitamin *** conclude,25-OH-D3 supplementation improves tibial mass by suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in meat ducks,and this positive impact only was observed in regular but not high vitamin regimen when birds fed an LND diet.

关键词： Vitamin D_(3)metabolites Vitamin Bone turnover Tibial mass Meat duck

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