The dentate gyrus(DG) has important roles on learning and memory. However, how the fate of DG granule cells during early development determined is still far less clear. The forkhead box transcription factor Fox G1, us...
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The dentate gyrus(DG) has important roles on learning and memory. However, how the fate of DG granule cells during early development determined is still far less clear. The forkhead box transcription factor Fox G1, usually serves as a transcriptional repressor and is thought to be involved in Rett syndrome, which is characterized by reduced hippocampus size, cognitive detects and severe mental retardation, indicating its important role in very early development of the DG. To further elucidate the mechanism of the DG cell fate determination, here we conditionally ablated Foxg1 in neural progenitor cells(NPCs) by crossing Foxg1 with Nestin-cre ER mice combined with tamoxifen induction. We have found that a small portion of cortical deep layer neuronsswitched their fates to CR cells when Foxg1 was deleted at the very early developmental stages. However a large portion of Foxg1-ablated deep layer neurons produced in the dorsal-lateral pallium adopted DG granule cell fates. Further studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that Fox G1 autonomously represses both CR cell and DG cell fates at the early developmental stages, and the suppression on CR cell fate is even much earlier. Our data will help to understand the mechanisms of how the telencephalic cell fate determined.
Drought stress is one of the major constraints to rice （Oryza sativa L.） production and yield stability especially in rainfed ecosystems and is getting worse as the climate changes worldwide. Dongxiang wild rice （D...
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Drought stress is one of the major constraints to rice （Oryza sativa L.） production and yield stability especially in rainfed ecosystems and is getting worse as the climate changes worldwide. Dongxiang wild rice （DXWR） Oryza rufipogon Griff., contains drought resistant gene. Improving drought resistance of cultivars is crucial to increase and stabilize rice grain yield via transferring resistant gene from species related to rice. In this paper, four upland rice, sixty backcross inbred lines （BILs） derived from BC1F5 of R974//DXWR/R974, and their parents were employed to evaluate drought-resistance at seedling stage in the greenhouse. Nine traits were recorded for assessment of drought resistance, including maximum root length （MRL）, number of roots （NR）, shoot length （SL）, dry root weight （DRW）, fresh root weight （FRW）, root relative water content （RRWC）, leaf relative water content （LRWC）, level for rolling leaf （LRL）, and seedling survivability under repeat drought （SSRD）. Using more than 88% of accumulative contribution resulted from the principal component analysis （PCA）, the nine traits were classified into five independent principal components and the line 1949 showed the highest resistance. Analysis on the stepwise regression equation and correlation demonstrated that MRL, RN, FRW, and RRWC significantly influenced the drought resistance, thus could be used as comprehensive index for drought resistance at the seedling stage. Using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits, the inheritance of drought-resistance of BIL population at seedling stage was mostly controlled by two independent genes plus polygene. As a result, the DXWR could be precious resources for genetic improvement of drought resistance in cultivated rice.
On the morning of 3 July,Zhou Hongwei,Party branch secretary of Huangnidun Village,visited Zhou Wenping’s home to hear the family’s suggestions regarding the village’s plan to install more street lamps and upgrade ...
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On the morning of 3 July,Zhou Hongwei,Party branch secretary of Huangnidun Village,visited Zhou Wenping’s home to hear the family’s suggestions regarding the village’s plan to install more street lamps and upgrade public water *** their meeting,Zhou immediately headed to another family for their opinions.
The syntheses,crystal structures and catalytic activities of two copper complexes are *** of CuC l,3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and pyridine-4-formaldehyde under solvothermal conditions gave[Cu4(L1)2Cl2][CuC...
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The syntheses,crystal structures and catalytic activities of two copper complexes are *** of CuC l,3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and pyridine-4-formaldehyde under solvothermal conditions gave[Cu4(L1)2Cl2][CuCl2]2(1,L1=1,1´-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine).The ligand L1 was generated in situ from the reaction of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and *** tetranuclear[Cu4(L1)2Cl2]2+moiety displays McClellan Saddle-like *** of Cu(BF4)2×6H2O with 1,1´-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine(L2)in glass tube generated[Cu(L2)(H2O)2]2[BF4]2(SiF6)×2H2O(2).The structures of 1 and 2 were characterized by Xray single-crystal diffraction *** catalytic activities of 1 and 2 toward ketalization reactions were *** both exhibited high activities for the ketalization of aliphatic ketones by ethylene glycol.
ON the morning of July 3,Zhou Hongwei,Party secretary of Huangnidun Village,visited Zhou Wenping’s home to hear the family’s suggestions regarding the village’s plan to install more street lamps and upgrade public ...
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ON the morning of July 3,Zhou Hongwei,Party secretary of Huangnidun Village,visited Zhou Wenping’s home to hear the family’s suggestions regarding the village’s plan to install more street lamps and upgrade public water *** the meeting,the village Party secretary immediately headed off to visit another family to hear their opinions.
Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times,there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment,such as(namely)inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms a...
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Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times,there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment,such as(namely)inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms and severely immunosuppressive microenvironment with low immunogenicity,hampering the perfor-mance of *** address these issues,several immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies due to their unique characteristics and specific *** this review,we emphasize the composition,performances,and mechanisms of various immune-regulating camouflaged nano-platforms,including polymer-coated,cell membrane-camouflaged,and exosome-based nanoplatforms to evade the immune clearance of nanoplatforms or upregulate the immune function against the ***,we discuss the applications of these immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms in directly boosting cancer immunotherapy and some immunogenic cell death-inducing immunotherapeutic modalities,such as chemo-therapy,photothermal therapy,and reactive oxygen species-mediated immunotherapies,highlighting the cur-rent progress and recent ***,we conclude the article with interesting perspectives,suggesting future tendencies of these innovative camouflaged constructs towards their translation pipeline.
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