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Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 836-844页

作者： Do-Hun Lee Dan Cao Younghye Moon Chen Chen Nai-Kui Liu xiao-ming xu Wei Wu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavioral assessment motor function neural plasticity running wheel exercise spinal cord injury treadmill exercise voluntary exercise

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Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1467-1482页

作者： Wenrui Qu Xiangbing Wu Wei Wu Ying Wang Yan Sun Lingxiao Deng Melissa Walker Chen Chen Heqiao Dai Qi Han Ying Ding Yongzhi Xia George Smith Rui Li Nai-Kui Liu xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Hand Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal *** we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord *** report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal *** Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder ***,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord *** findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

关键词： axonal regrowth bladder function chondroitinase ABC functional recovery glial scar lentivirus migration Schwann cell spinal cord injury transplantation

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A General Comparison Theorem for 1-dimensional Anticipated BSDEs

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2016年第2期32卷 343-348页

作者： xiao-ming xu Institute of Finance and Statistics School of Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Anticipated backward stochastic differential equation （ABSDE） studied the first time in 2007 is a new type of stochastic differential equations. In this paper, we establish a general comparison theorem for ABSDEs.

关键词： anticipated backward stochastic differential equation backward stochastic differential equation comparison theorem

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On Principal Invariant Subspaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第10期31卷 1621-1628页

作者： xiao ming xu xiao Chun FANG School of Science Shanghai Institute of Technology Department of Mathematics Tongji University

Let F and G be closed subspaces of the complex Hilbert spaceH, and U and V be closed subspaces of F- and G, respectively. In this paper, using the technique of operator block, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions under which （U, V） is a pair of （strictly, non-degenerate） principal invariant subspaces for （F, G）.

关键词： Hilbert space operator matrix invariant subspace principal invariant subspace

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Mitochondrial integrity in neuronal injury and repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 674-675页

作者： Qi Han xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of a *** the principal subcellular organelles that mediate adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production and calcium buffering,mitochondria actively distribute to areas of high energy demand and calcium *** highly polarized nerve cells in the central nervous system(CNS),which have unparalleled size and complexity and long-projection axons,are cells with high-energy *** are regionally organized within these neurons,with higher accumulations in the soma,the hillock,the nodes of Ranvier,and the axon *** the synaptic region,mitochondria regulate calcium and ATP levels,thereby maintaining synaptic transmission and *** in mitochondrial dynamics can cause deficits in neuronal transport,transmission,and metabolism(Misgeld and Schwarz,2017).

关键词： thereby metabolism distribute

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Breaking News in Spinal Cord Injury Research FDA Approved Phase I Clinical Trial of Human, Autologous Schwann Cell Transplantation in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第22期7卷 1685-1687页

作者： xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery IndianaUniversity School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

On July 31,2012, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine received permission from the Food and Drug Administration （FDA） to begin a Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety of transplanting human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injuries. This is the only FDA-approved cell therapy-based clinical trial for sub-acute spinal cord injury in the United States.

关键词： Clinical Trial Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Cord Injuries clinical trial

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Neurotrophin-3-mediated locomotor recovery: a novel therapeutic strategy targeting lumbar neural circuitry after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2241-2242页

作者： Qi Han xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)leads to chronic locomotor impairment and ***,there are no effective treatments currently available for SCI patients(Bradbury and Burnside,2019).Developing novel repair interventions to mitigate the devastating nature of SCI and translating them clinically are urgent medical needs to improve the quality of life of patients with *** lumbar spinal motoneurons(MNs)are the final common pathway for hindlimb locomotion since all neural activities that influence hindlimb movement converging upon these neurons.

关键词： lumbar neural injury

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Rho A/Rho kinase in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 23-27页

作者： Xiangbing Wu xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine

A spinal cord injury refers to an injury to the spinal cord that is caused by a trauma instead of diseases. Spinal cord injury includes a primary mechanical injury and a much more complex secondary injury process involving inflammation, oxidation, excitotoxicity, and cell death. During the secondary injury, many signal pathways are activated and play important roles in mediating the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. Among them, the Rho A/Rho kinase pathway plays a particular role in mediating spinal degeneration and regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the role and mechanism of Rho A/Rho kinase-mediated spinal cord pathogenesis, as well as the potential of targeting Rho A/Rho kinase as a strategy for promoting both neuroprotection and axonal regeneration.

关键词： Rho A Rho kinase inflammation cell death degeneration regeneration spinal cord injury

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Reflected BSDEs with Random Default Time and Related Mixed Optimal Stopping-control Problems

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2013年第1期29卷 165-178页

作者： Dong-mei Guo xiao-ming xu School of Economics Central University of Finance and Economics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Normal University

In this paper we study the one-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations which are driven by Brownian motion as well as a mutually independent martingale appearing in a defaultable setting. Using a penalization method, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to these equations. As an application, we show that under proper assumptions the solution of the reflected equation is the value of the related mixed optimal stopping-control problem.

关键词： backward stochastic differential equation random default time mixed optimal stopping-controlproblem

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Neuroprotection and its molecular mechanism following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第26期7卷 2051-2062页

作者： Nai-Kui Liu xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery & GoodmanCampbell Brain and Spine Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

Acute spinal cord injury initiates a complex cascade of molecular events termed ＇secondary injury＇, which leads to progressive degeneration ranging from early neuronal apoptosis at the lesion site to delayed degeneration of intact white matter tracts, and, ultimately, expansion of the initial injury. These secondary injury processes include, but are not limited to, inflammation, free radical-induced cell death glutamate excitotoxicity, phospholipase A2 activation, and induction of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which are important targets in developing neuroprotective strategies for treatment of spinal cord injury. Recently, a number of studies have shown promising results on neuroprotection and recovery of function in rodent models of spinal cord injury using treatments that target secondary injury processes including inflammation, phospholipase A2 activation, and manipulation of the PTEN-AktJmTOR signaling pathway. The present review outlines our ongoing research on the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection in experimental spinal cord injury and briefly summarizes our earlier findings on the therapeutic potential of pharmacological treatments in spinal cord injury.

关键词： spinal cord injury neuroprotection inflammation oxidation apoptosis glucocorticoid receptor phospolipase A2 microRNAs signaling pathway

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