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Increased catabolism and decreased unsaturation of ganglioside in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第35期21卷 10080-10090页

作者： John J Miklavcic Glen K shoemaker Vera c Mazurak M Tom clandinin Tasha DL Hart Kareena L Schnabl Gordon M Lees Bodil MK Larsen Oliver F Bathe Alan BR Thomson M Tom clandinin Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2R1 Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada Division of General Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada Alberta Health Services Calgary AB T2N 4N2 Canada Division of Gastroenterology Western University London ON N6A 5A5 Canada Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada

AIM: To investigate whether accelerated catabolism of ganglioside and decreased ganglioside content contribute to the etiology of pro-inflammatory intestinal disease. METHODS: Intestinal mucosa from terminal ileum or colon was obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis or inflammatory crohn's disease(n = 11) undergoing bowel resection and compared to control samples of normal intestine from patients with benign colon polyps(n = 6) and colorectal cancer(n = 12) in this observational case-control study. Gangliosides and phospholipids of intestinal mucosa were characterized by class and ceramide or fatty acid composition using liquid chromatography triple-quad mass spectrometry. content and composition of ganglioside classes GM1, GM3, GD3, GD1 a, GT1 and GT3 were compared among subject groups. content and composition of phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine(Pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine were compared among subject groups. Unsaturation index of individual ganglioside and phospholipid classes was computed and compared among subject groups. Ganglioside catabolism enzymes beta-hexosaminidase A(HEXA) and sialidase-3(NEU3) were measured in intestinal mucosa using western blot and compared among subject groups. RESULTS: Relative GM3 ganglioside content was 2-fold higher(P compared to control intestine. The quantity of GM3 and ratio of GM3/GD3 was also higher in IBD intestine than control tissue(P control intestine exhibited 3-fold higher(P content than IBD intestine. GD3 and GD1 a species of ganglioside containing three unsaturated bonds were present in control intestine, but were not detected in IBD intestine. The relative content of Pc containing more than two unsaturated bonds was 30% lower in IBD intestine than control intestine(P content of HEXA in IBD intestine was increased 1.7-fold(P creased 8.3-fold

关键词： Ganglioside Phospholipid Fatty acid Lipid Inflamma

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The changing pattern of renal osteodystrophy

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 1996年第2期 1-9+95页

作者： Allen c.Alfrey william E.Huffer Department of Medicine and Pathology Denver V.A.Medical center and University of colorado Health Sciences center USA Department of Medicine and Pathology Denver V.A.Medical center and University of colorado Health Sciences center USA

Aluminum intoxication has been a ma-jor cause of morbidity and mortality in dia-lyzed uremic *** the last 7-years means to markedly reduce aluminumexposure in this population have been *** study was carried out to de-termine how effective restriction of alu-minum exposure has been in preventing alu-minum loading and toxicity in uremic *** All bone histology processed onpatients with end-stage renal disease(452patients)between January 1984 and Decem-ber 1991 were *** were performed and bones dividedinto four major grouping:①high turnover,osteitis firosa;②low turnover,osteomala-cia;③low turnover,adynamic and ④mixedtype bone *** Between 1985 and 1991 a signifi-cant decrease in aluminum loading wasfound in patients with end-stage renal dis-ease as determined by a fall in plasma alu-minum from 74±30 μg/L to 12±7 μg/L and decrease in aluminum positive bonespecimens from 87.2% to 35.8%(Pction in aluminumloading low turnover osteomalacic bone dis-ease decreased from 11.6% to less than 5%(Pcimensstudied and the fraction of mixed bone dis-ease with osteomalacic features decreasedfrom 33% to 19%(Pchange in the other types of bone *** The present methods of limit-ing aluminum exposure in dialysis patientsappears to be fairly effective in preventingaluminum loading and skeletal toxicity,manifested as a mineralization ***-ever,aluminum restriction had no influenceon high turnover bone disease or the ady-namic type of low turnover disease support-ing a different etiology for these two typesof bone disease.

关键词： aluminum uremia osteomalacia hyperparathyroid bone

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Targeting DNA topoisomerases: past & future

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cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 758-761页

作者： william H.Gmeiner Robert c.A.Mvan Waardenburg Department of cancer Biology Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center BlvdWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294-0019USA

Aggressive malignancies are characterized by relatively uncontrolled cell proliferation making them especially reliant on topoisomerase enzymes to enable high rates of DNA replication and *** topoisomerases resolve topological problems associated with DNA replication and other essential cellular processes involving DNA,such as transcription and recombination^([1]).As such,they are important targets for anti-cancer ***,understanding of topoisomerase biology is important for unraveling the mechanistic basis for resistance to many widely used anti-cancer drugs,such as doxorubicin,etoposide,and topotecan,for which DNA topoisomerases are established ***,several drugs that are not considered to directly target topoisomerase enzymes,such as the nucleoside analogs 5-FU and Arac,and those in development such as the polymeric fluoropyrimidine cF10^([2]),also affect the function of topoisomerases.

关键词： analogs topological enable

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Microstructural Evolution of Nb–V–Mo and V containing TRIP-assisted Steels during Thermomechanical Processing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第4期33卷 311-320页

作者： Erfan Abbasi william Mark Rainforth Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Sheffield

The microstructural evolution and precipitation behaviour of Nb–V–Mo and single V containing transformation induced plasticity assisted steels were investigated during thermomechanical processing. A plane strain compression testing machine was used to simulate the thermomechanical processing. Microstructures were characterised by optical microscopy, scanning-transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and Vickers hardness was obtained from the deformed specimens. The resulting microstructure of both Nb–V–Mo and V steels at room temperature primarily consisted of an acicular/bainitic ferrite, retained austenite and martensite surrounded by allotriomorphic *** TEM analysis showed that a significant number of Nb（V,Mo）（c,N） precipitates were formed in the microstructure down to the finishing stage in Nb–V–Mo steel（i.e. 830℃）. It was also found that the V（c,N）precipitation primarily occurred in both ferrite and deformed austenite below the finishing stage. The results suggested that Nb–Mo additions considerably increased the temperature stability of microalloy precipitates and controlled the microstructural evolution of austenite. However, the microalloy precipitation did not cause a significant precipitation strengthening in both Nb–V–Mo and V steels at room temperature.

关键词： Microalloyed TRiP-assisted steel Thermomechanical processing Precipitation behaviour Microstructural evolution

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MicroRNAs: Mechanisms, Functions and Progress

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 237-238页

作者： Tongbin Li william c.S.cho *** Research Group LC SciencesHoustonTX 77054USA Department of clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong SARChina

In 1993 when Ambros and co-workers [1] discovered that a mysterious caenorhabditis elegans gene, lin-4, does not encode a protein, but acts in the form of a small RNA and represses the expression of its target gene, lin-14, through base-pairing with its 3＇ untranslated region （3tUTR）, nobody would imagine that 20 years later, this category of small RNAs - now widely known as microR- NAs （or miRNAs）, has ～2000 known members in the human genome （and counting）, and that miRNA-mediated gene regulation is deeply involved in virtually all important biological processes in animals and plants.

关键词： caenorhabditis elegans biological processes gene regulation human genome target gene small RNA form of

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Fabrication of all-transparent polymer-based and encapsulated nanofluidic devices using nano-indentation lithography

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 373-381页

作者： cong Wu Tiffany G.Lin Zhikun Zhan Yi Li Steve c.H.Tung william c.Tang Wen J.Li Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697-2715USA Department of Automation Yanshan UniversityQinghuangdao 066004China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

In this paper,we describe a novel and simple process for the fabrication of all-transparent and encapsulated polymeric nanofluidic devices using nano-indentation ***,a nanomechanical probe is used to‘scratch’nanoscale channels on polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)substrates with sufficiently high ***,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is used twice to duplicate the nanochannels onto PDMS substrates from the‘nano-scratched’PMMA substrates.A number of experiments are conducted to explore the relationships between the nano-indentation parameters and the nanochannel dimensions and to control the aspect ratio of the fabricated *** addition,traditional photolithography combined with soft lithography is employed to fabricate microchannels on another PDMS‘cap’*** manually aligning the substrates,all uncovered channels on two separate PDMS substrates are bonded to achieve a sealed and transparent nanofluidic device,which makes the dimensional transition from microscale to nanoscale *** smallest dimensions of the achievable nanochannels that we have demonstrated thus far are of~20 nm depth and~800 nm width,with lengths extendable beyond 100μ*** flow experiments are performed to verify the reliability of the *** types of colloidal solution are used to visualize the fluid flow through the nanochannels,that is,ethanol is mixed with gold colloid or fluorescent dye(fluorescein isothiocyanate),and the flow rate and filling time of liquid in the nanochannels are estimated based on time-lapsed image *** simplicity of the fabrication process,bio-compatibility of the polymer substrates,and optical transparency of the nanochannels for flow visualization are key characteristics of this approach that will be very useful for nanofluidic and biomolecular research applications in the future.

关键词： indentation lithography nanochannel nanofluidic device nanofluidic flow

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A new perspective on quiet Sun magnetism

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1660-1664页

作者： LITES Bruce william High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric ResearchP.O. Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307 USA

The Hinode mission has provided us with a new, quantitative view of the magnetism of the quiet Sun. It has revealed that the quiet internetwork areas are blanketed by horizontal fields that appear at first sight to have more flux than the vertical fields resolved on the same 0.3 size scale. These measurements point to the possibility that the horizontal fields might be the primary source of the "hidden turbulent flux" of the quiet Sun anticipated from Hanle effect depolarization. In this paper, evidence is presented suggesting that the "seething" horizontal fields observed by Harvey in 2007 and the horizontal fields revealed by Hinode are the same phenomenon. Because the seething fields appear to be of uniform fluctuation over the whole disk, the phenomenon is most likely not associated with the dynamo source of solar activity. Thus, the small-scale "hidden turbulent flux" lends support to the notion of a local solar dynamo acting on granular sizes and time scales.

关键词： Sun magnetism fields granulation

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Photonic crystal Fibers

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 11-12页

作者： william J. Wadsworth Jonathan c. Knight william H. Reeves Philip St.J. Russell Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.

By offering greatly enhanced control of light compared to conventional step-index structures, photonic crystal fibres are radically improving the performance of linear and nonlinear fibre devices, including gas-Raman ... 详细信息

关键词： PcF of or Photonic crystal Fibers in

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Machine-learning-facilitated earthquake and anthropogenic source detections near the Weiyuan Shale Gas Blocks,Sichuan,china

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 501-519页

作者： Pengcheng Zhou william L.Ellsworth HongFeng Yang Yen Joe Tan Gregory c.Beroza MinHan Sheng RiSheng chu Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyInnovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Earth System Science Programme Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong 999077China Department of Geophysics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China

Seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation depend critically on rapid analysis and characterization of earthquake *** seismicity in shale gas blocks of the Sichuan Basin,china,has presented a serious challenge to monitoring and managing the seismicity *** this study,to detect events we apply a machine-learning-based phase picker(PhaseNet)to continuous seismic data collected between November 2015 and November 2016 from a temporary network covering the Weiyuan Shale Gas Blocks(SGB).Both P-and S-phases are picked and associated for *** refine the velocity model by using detected explosions and earthquakes and then relocate the detected events using our new velocity *** detections and absolute relocations provide the basis for building a high-precision earthquake *** primary catalog contains about 60 times as many earthquakes as those in the catalog of the chinese Earthquake Network center(cENc),which used only the sparsely distributed permanent *** also measure the local magnitude and achieve magnitude completeness of *** relocate clusters of events,showing sequential migration patterns overlapping with horizontal well branches around several well pads in the Wei202 and Wei204 *** results demonstrate the applicability of a machine-learning phase picker to a dense seismic *** algorithms can facilitate rapid characterization of earthquake sequences.

关键词： induced seismicity machine learning Weiyuan Shale Gas Block

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Hydrolysis of filter-paper cellulose to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases of coptotermes formosanus

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 245-252页

作者： Dunhua Zhang Alan R. Lax John M. Bland Jiujiang Yu Natalie Fedorova william c. Nierman Formosan Subterranean Termite Research Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Food & Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The George Washington University School of Medicine Washington DC The J. craig Venter Institute Rockville MD USA

Genes encoding for glycosyl hydrolases （GH） in multiple families were recovered from an expression sequence tag library of coptotermesformosanus, a xylophagous lower termite species. Functional analyses of these genes not only shed light on the mechanisms the insect employs to successfully use cellulosic materials as energy sources, which may serve as strategic targets for designing molecular-based bio-pesticides, but also enrich discoveries of new cellulolytic enzymes for conversion ofbiomass into biofuel. Our study demonstrated that cellulose could be converted to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases （endo-β- 1,4 glucanase in GH9 and β-glucosidase in GH1）. While the former cleaved cellulose to cellobiose and cellotriose, the resulting simple cellodextrins were digested to glucose. Both of the Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins showed properties that could be incorporated in a glucose-based ethanol production program.

关键词： biofuel cellulose digestion endo-β-1,4 glucanase,β-glucosidase termite

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