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Water droplets play a role in Internet of Things applications

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Droplet 2024年第3期3卷 27-48页

作者： Feng wen Chengkuo lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of SingaporeSingapore i-Lab Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart SystemsSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)SuzhouChina NUS Graduate School—Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme(ISEP) National University of SingaporeSingapore

Water droplets help life in nature survive,thrive,and *** water droplet serv-ing as one of the indispensable elements in the Internet of Things(IoT),many droplet-oriented technologies,such as microfluidics,droplet manipulation,electrowetting,and energy harvesting,make rapid progress driven by material science,computer science,and ***-based wearable devices are endowed with advantages such as flexibility,sensing ability,and automation for various parameter ***,the continuous exploration of droplet manipulation has led to the emergence of a wide variety of manipulation ***,electrowetting that utilizes exter-nal fields modifying liquid–solid surfaces has found its applications in various areas,including droplet transportation,microfabrication,and *** energy gener-ation from water droplets also presents exciting opportunities for the development of novel electricity *** approaches for droplet utilization underscore the immense potentials and versatilities of droplet-based technologies in the IoT ***,this mini review presents the fundamental droplet-based technologies by summarizing their working mechanisms and methods,device structures,and *** the challenges in materials,fabrication,and system integration,this review shows the overall development roadmap in terms of improved functionality and performance and highlights the opportunities toward multifunctional,self-sustainable,and intelligent systems,which is called for IoT construction.

关键词： IoT utilize fabrication

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of radiation-induced breast angiosarcoma:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2237-2242页

作者： wen-Pei Wu Chih-Wei lee Department of Medical Imaging Changhua Christian HospitalChanghua 50006Taiwan Department of Radiology Changhua Christian Medical Foundation Changhua Christian HospitalChanghua 50006Taiwan

BACKGROUND Breast conservation surgery(BCS)with adjuvant radiotherapy has become a gold standard in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer,significantly reducing the risk of tumor ***,this treatment is associated with adverse effects,including the rare but aggressive radiation-induced angiosarcoma(RIAS).Despite its rarity and nonspecific initial presentation,RIAS presents a challenging diagnosis,emphasizing the importance of imaging techniques for early detection and accurate *** SUMMARY We present a case of a 48-year-old post-menopausal woman who developed skin ecchymosis on the right breast seven years after receiving BCS and adjuvant radiotherapy for breast *** mammography and ultrasound were inconclusive,showing post-treatment changes but failing to identify the underlying ***-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed diffuse skin thickening and nodularity with distinctive enhan-cement kinetics,leading to the diagnosis of *** case highlights the crucial role of MRI in diagnosing and determining the extent of RIAS,facilitating timely and appropriate surgical *** Breast MRI is crucial for detecting RIAS,especially when mammography and ultrasound are inconclusive.

关键词： Radiation-induced angiosarcoma Radiotherapy Breast conserving surgery Breast cancer Magnetic resonance imaging Case report

A Novel Process for SiGe Core-Shell JAM Transistors Fabrication and Thermal Annealing Effect on Its Electrical Performance

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Semiconductor Science and Information Devices 2019年第2期1卷 11-18页

作者： Ashish Kumar wen-hsi lee Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung UniversityTaiwan

In this study,we fabricate Si/SiGe core-shell Junctionless accumulation mode(JAM)FinFET devices through a rapid and novel process with four main steps,i.e.e-beam lithography definition,sputter deposition,alloy combination annealing,and chemical solution *** height of Si core is 30 nm and the thickness of Si/SiGe core-shell is about 2 *** finishing the fabrication of devices,we widely studied the electrical characteristics of poly Si/SiGe core-shell JAM FinFET transistors from a view of different Lg and Wch.A poly-Si/SiGe core-shell JAMFETs was successfully demonstrated and it also exhibits a superior subthreshold swing of 81mV/dec and high on/off ratio>10^5 when annealing for 1hr at 600℃.The thermal diffusion process condition for this study are 1hr at 600℃ and 6hr at 700℃ for *** annealing condition at 700oC for 6 hours shows undesired electrical characteristics against the *** suggests that from over thermal budget causes a plenty of Ge to precipitate against to form SiGe thin *** JAMFETs at low temperature shows outstanding Subthreshold swing and better swing condition when compared to its counterpart *** higher *** new process can still fabricate a comparable performance to classical planar FinFET in driving current.

关键词： Junctionless-accumulation(JAM)FET Junctionless(JL)FET SiGe core-shell Rapid thermal anneal Subthreshold swing(SS)

ATP6AP2,a regulator of LRP6/β-catenin protein trafficking,promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bone formation in a cell type dependent manner

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Bone Research 2024年第2期12卷 453-468页

作者： Lei Xiong Hao-Han Guo Jin-Xiu Pan Xiao Ren Daehoon lee Li Chen Lin Mei wen-Cheng Xiong Department of Neurosciences School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA Louis Stoke VA Medical Center ClevelandOH 44106USA

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for various cellular processes in multiple cell types,including osteoblast(OB)differentiation and *** how Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated in OBs remain ***6AP2,an accessory subunit of V-ATPase,plays important roles in multiple cell types/organs and multiple signaling ***,little is known whether and how ATP6AP2 in OBs regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bone *** we provide evidence for ATP6AP2 in the OB-lineage cells to promote OB-mediated bone formation and bone homeostasis selectively in the trabecular bone *** knocking out(CKO)ATP6AP2 in the OB-lineage cells(Atp6ap2^(Ocn-Cre))reduced trabecular,but not cortical,bone formation and bone *** and cellular biochemical studies revealed that LRP6 and N-cadherin were reduced in ATP6AP2-KO BMSCs and OBs,but not *** in vitro and in vivo studies revealed impairedβ-catenin signaling in ATP6AP2-KO BMSCs and OBs,but not osteocytes,under both basal and Wnt stimulated conditions,although LRP5 was decreased in ATP6AP2-KO osteocytes,but not *** cell biological studies uncovered that osteoblastic ATP6AP2 is not required for Wnt3a suppression ofβ-catenin phosphorylation,but necessary for LRP6/β-catenin and N-cadherin/β-catenin protein complex distribution at the cell membrane,thus preventing their *** of activeβ-catenin diminished the OB differentiation deficit in ATP6AP2-KO *** together,these results support the view for ATP6AP2 as a critical regulator of both LRP6 and N-cadherin protein trafficking and stability,and thus regulatingβ-catenin levels,demonstrating an un-recognized function of osteoblastic ATP6AP2 in promoting Wnt/LRP6/β-catenin signaling and trabecular bone formation.

关键词： LRP6 impaired organs

A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Gibeom lee Donghyun lee Gwang-Bum Im Younghoon lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University1342 SeongnamdaeroSujeong-guSeongnam 13120South Korea Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine *** sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from *** be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the *** materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and ***,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the *** touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive *** review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors

Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun lee Hanna lee Seong Chan lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client ***,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the *** study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face *** proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their ***,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse *** system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse *** performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone ***,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point *** indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling ***,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological *** proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.lee S.CHANG J.lee Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

In-Situ Rs and Improvement in Thermal Stability of Nickel Silicides Using Different Interlayer Films

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2015年第3期5卷 164-170页

作者： Chi-Ting Wu wen-hsi lee Ying-Lang Wang Shih-Chieh Chang Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan. Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan

Different interlayer films (Mo, Ru, Ta, Ti and Zn) were proposed to reduce sheet resistance (Rs) and improve thermal stability for nickel (Ni) silicide formation. It was found that the Zn and Mo interlayers reduced nickel silicide Rs much more than those by the Ru, Ta and Ti interlayers at 700 °C. The corrosion rates of the Mo, Ru, Ti and Zn interlayers were higher than that of NiSi in H2SO4: H2O2 = 4:1 at 80 °C. Overall, Zn and Mo were candidates of interlayers for Ni silicide formation due to lower nickel silicide resistivity, high etching selectivity with NiSi and better thermal stability.

关键词：高热稳定性硅化镍原位镍硅化物膜腐蚀速率 NiSi 电阻率

Pyrometallurgical recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1554-1571页

作者： Juheon lee Kwang Won Park Il Sohn Sanghoon lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul 03722Korea Yonsei Industry Cooperation Center Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea RD Solution Wanju gunJeollabuk do 55365Korea

The global importance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage ***,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant challenges from environmental,economic,and resource management *** review paper focuses on the pyrometallurgy-based recycling process of lithium-ion batteries,exploring the fundamental understanding of this process and the importance of its *** on the high energy consumption and emission gas issues of the pyrometallurgical recycling process,we systematically analyzed the capital-intensive nature of this process and the resulting technological ***,we conducted an in-depth discussion on the future research directions to overcome the existing technological barriers and *** review will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders in the battery recycling field.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries recycling sustainability lithium valuable metal