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Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease revisited

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1699-1706页

作者： florian Br Christian Sina Klaus Fellermann Medical Department 1 University Hospital Schleswig Holstein23538 LübeckGermany

Although a great variety of new drugs have been introduced for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases so far,a definite cure of the disease is still out of *** anti-inflammatory approach to induce remission followed by maintenance therapy with immunosupressants is still the mainstay of *** comprising azathioprine and its active metabolite mercaptopurine as well as tioguanine,are widely used in the therapy of chronic active inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Their steroid sparing potential and efficacy in remission maintenance are out of ***,untoward adverse events are frequently observed and may preclude further administration or be life *** review will focus on new aspects of thiopurine therapy in IBD,its efficacy and safety.

关键词： Thiopurines Mercaptopurine Tioguanine Azathioprine Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease

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漂浮的空气净化器设计

工业设计 2024年第6期 18-18页

作者： florian Buchwalder 不详

这款空间净化器将艺术性与实用性相结合,外形类似于漂浮的“蜂巢”,唤起了人们与生活、自然、夏天和新鲜空气的联系。设计师选择橡木作为主要材料,通过细腻的木质纹路,营造家庭般的舒适氛围,给空间带来温暖和宁静。分层的设计不仅具有... 详细信息

这款空间净化器将艺术性与实用性相结合,外形类似于漂浮的“蜂巢”,唤起了人们与生活、自然、夏天和新鲜空气的联系。设计师选择橡木作为主要材料,通过细腻的木质纹路,营造家庭般的舒适氛围,给空间带来温暖和宁静。分层的设计不仅具有视觉吸引力,而且通过支持内部净化器产生的气流,实现了空间净化的功能目的。

关键词：空气净化器外形类似视觉吸引力实用性漂浮艺术性

A concept to support the transformation from a linear to circular carbon economy:net zero emissions,resource efficiency and conservation through a coupling of the energy,chemical and waste management sectors

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Clean Energy 2017年第1期1卷 102-113页

作者： Roh Pin Lee florian Keller Bernd Meyer Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergFuchsmuehlenweg 909599 FreibergGermany

Coal and carbon-containing waste are valuable primary and secondary carbon *** the current dominant linear economy,such carbon resources are generally combusted to produce electricity and heat and as a way to resolve a nation’s waste *** only is this a wastage of precious carbon resources,which can be chemically utilized as raw materials for production of other value-added goods,it is also contrary to international efforts to reduce carbon emissions and increase resource efficiency and *** article presents a concept to support the transformation from a linear‘one-way cradle to grave manufacturing model’toward a circular carbon *** development of new and sustainable value chains through the utilization of coal and waste as alternative raw materials for the chemical industry via a coupling of the energy,chemical and waste management sectors offers a viable and future-oriented perspective for closing the carbon *** benefits also include a lowering of the carbon footprint and increasing resource efficiency and conservation of primary carbon *** addition,technological innovations and developments that are necessary to support a successful sector coupling will be *** illustrate our concept,a case analysis of domestic coal and waste as alternative feedstock to imported crude oil for chemical production in Germany will be *** but not least,challenges posed by path dependency along technological,institutional and human dimensions in the sociotechnical system for a successful transition toward a circular carbon economy will be discussed.

关键词： circular carbon economy closed carbon cycle carbon-containing waste waste net zero emission chemical industry path dependency

Approximation Algorithms for 3D Orthogonal Knapsack

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第5期23卷 749-762页

作者： florian Diedrich Rolf Harren Klaus Jansen Ralf Thle Henning Thomas Institute of Computer Science University of Kiel Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik Campus E1466123 Saarbrücken Germany Department of Computer Science ETH ZurichZurich Switzerland

We study non-overlapping axis-parallel packings of 3D boxes with profits into a dedicated bigger box where rotation is either forbidden or permitted, and we wish to maximize the total profit. Since this optimization problem is NP-hard, we focus on approximation algorithms. We obtain fast and simple algorithms for the non-rotational scenario with approximation ratios 9 ＋ ε and 8 ＋ ε, as well as an algorithm with approximation ratio 7 ＋ ε that uses more sophisticated techniques; these are the smallest approximation ratios known for this problem. Furthermore, we show how the used techniques can be adapted to the case where rotation by 90° either around the z-axis or around all axes is permitted, where we obtain algorithms with approximation ratios 6 ＋ ε and 5 ＋ ε, respectively. Finally our methods yield a 3D generalization of a packability criterion and a strip packing algorithm with absolute approximation ratio 29/4, improving the previously best known result of 45/4.

关键词： approximation algorithm computational and structural complexity geometric configurations

Experimental Setup for the Investigation of Reproducibility of Novel Tool Changing Systems in Nanofabrication Machines

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 181-189页

作者： florian Weigert Roman Hebenstreit Roland FuBl Rene Theska Institute for Design and Precision Engineering Precision Engineering GroupTechnische Universitat IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz.298693 IlmenauGermany Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universitat IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.198693 IlmenauGermany

Nanomeasuring machines developed at the Technische Universitat Ilmenau enable three-dimensional measurements and manufacturing processes with the lowest *** to the requirements for these processes,a highly reproducible and long-term stable tool changing system is *** this purpose,kinematically determined couplings are widely *** state-of-the-art investigations on those are not sufficient for the highest demands on the reproducibility required for this application.A theoretical determination of the reproducibility based on analytical or numerical methods is possible,however not in the desired nanometer *** to this,a measurement setup for the determination of the reproducibility in five degrees of freedom with nanometer uncertainty was ***,potential measuring devices are systematically examined and measurement principles were developed out of this.A three-dimensional vector-based uncertainty analysis is performed to prove the feasibility of the measurement principle and provides a basis for further *** a result,a transla-tory measurement uncertainty of 10 nm and a rotatory uncertainty of 11 nrad can be ***,the measurement setup is designed,focusing on the metrological frame and the lift-off *** developed setup exceeds the uncertainties of the measurement setups presented in the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude,allowing new in-depth investigations of the reproducibility of kinematic couplings.

关键词： Tool changing Kinematic coupling Measurement setup Uncertainty analysis Precision design

Experimental evidence for root competition effects on community evenness in one of two phytometer species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 281-291页

作者： Lina Weiss Linda Schalow florian Jeltsch Katja Geissler Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamAm Mühlenberg 3D-14476 PotsdamGermany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research(BBIB) D-14195 BerlinGermany ZALF Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape ResearchEberswalder Str.84D-15374 MünchebergGermany

Aims Plant-plant interactions,being positive or negative,are rec-ognized to be key factors in structuring plant ***,it is thought that root competition may be less impor-tant than shoot competition due to greater size symmetry *** direct experimental tests on the importance of root competition are scarce,we aim at elucidating whether root competition may have direct or indirect effects on commu-nity *** effects may occur by altering the overall size asymmetry of competition through root-shoot competitive *** We used a phytometer approach to examine the effects of root,shoot and total competition intensity and importance on evenness of experimental plant *** two different phytom-eter species,Festuca brevipila and Dianthus carthusianorum,were grown in small communities of six grassland species over three levels of light and water availability,interacting with neighbouring shoots,roots,both or not at *** Findings We found variation in community evenness to be best explained if root and shoot(but not total)competition were ***,the effects were species specific:in Dianthus communities increasing root competition increased plant community evenness,while in Festuca communities shoot competition was the driving force of this evenness *** intensities were influenced by environmental conditions in Dianthus,but not in Festuca phytometer *** we found no evidence for root-shoot interactions for neither phytom-eter species root competition in Dianthus communities led to increased allocation to shoots,thereby increasing the potential ability to perform in size-asymmetric competition for *** experiment demonstrates the potential role of root competition in structuring plant communities.

关键词： plant-plant interactions root and shoot competition intensity vs.importance experimental plant communities asymmetry of competition

Militarized Oil-Mercantilism:an Asset or Liability for China's Energy Security?

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Militarized Oil-Mercantilism:an Asset or Liability for China...

作者： florian Anderhuber 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

China's energy security is becoming of ever greater concern to the government and the Communist Party, as there is no replacement for oil which is crucial for high growth rates and raising living standards of the common population to legitimize the rule of the party. Yet, oil not only runs the civilian industry and large parts of the country's infrastructure but also the military, providing a strong base for cooperation between both *** state-ownership of the military-industrial complex and the oil-companies, together with China's stance on non-interference and willingness to project its interests abroad, both parties have a strong rationale for cooperation out of structural and interest-based reasons. This thesis examines the points of connection upon a convergence of interests within the greater setting of China's national interests and the structure of decision-mak-ing in foreign policy making based on network theories and ideas of neo-idealism. Hav-ing a rationale, preconditions and structure for a military-energy cooperation established, it is evident that China's management of its bilateral ties and protection of interests within the current status quo further such cooperation as China is a late-comer on the interna-tional energy markets and so has to deal with weak governments where other oil-majors do not invest, and the need for keeping relations on a pragmatic, friendly and mutually beneficial level. This requires ever higher investments to satisfy the needs of the govern-ments concerned, which in many cases is about sanctioned or embargoed goods such as arms. However, this materialization of bilateral ties in terms of investment-flux and infra-structure projects in order to alter the structure of the current status quo in China's favor is determined by China's capacity to deal with externalities further abroad, intensity of market forces and the wider international setting that may, if China doesn't open its pro-tection of interests as global comm

关键词： military cooperation political interests CNPC companies sector projection diplomatic investments

Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第13期26卷 1394-1426页

作者： florian Bürtin Christina S Mullins Michael Linnebacher Department of General VisceralVascular and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostock 18057Germany Department of Thoracic Surgery University Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostock 18057Germany Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy Department of GeneralVisceralVascular and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center RostockRostock 18057Germany

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both sexes in the United States as well as in the European *** the incidence and mortality rates in western,high developed countries are declining,reflecting the success of screening programs and improved treatment regimen,a rise of the overall global CRC burden can be observed due to lifestyle changes paralleling an increasing human development *** a growing insight into the biology of CRC and many therapeutic improvements in the recent decades,preclinical in vivo models are still indispensable for the development of new treatment *** the development of carcinogen-induced rodent models for CRC more than 80 years ago,a plethora of animal models has been established to study colon cancer *** tenuous invasiveness and metastatic behavior,these models are useful for chemoprevention studies and to evaluate colitis-related *** engineered mouse models(GEMM)mirror the pathogenesis of sporadic as well as inherited CRC depending on the specific molecular pathways activated or *** the vast majority of CRC GEMM lack invasiveness,metastasis and tumor heterogeneity,they still have proven useful for examination of the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic immune responses;thus,supporting development of new therapeutic *** of metastatic disease by orthotopic injection of CRC cell lines is possible,but the so generated models lack genetic diversity and the number of suited cell lines is very ***-derived xenografts,in contrast,maintain the pathological and molecular characteristics of the individual patient's CRC after subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice and are therefore most reliable for preclinical drug development–even in comparison to GEMM or cell line-based ***,subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft models are less suitable for studying most aspects of the tumor micr

关键词： Colorectal cancer Mouse models Patient-derived xenografts Carcinogen-induced models Genetically engineered mouse models Preclinical drug development

Reactivity against microsatellite instability-induced frameshift mutations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 221-228页

作者： florian Kuehn Ernst Klar Anja Bliemeister Michael Linnebacher Department of General ThoracicVascular and Transplantation SurgeryMolecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of Rostock18057 RostockGermany

AIM: To analyze the cellular immune response towards microsatellite-instability(MSI)-induced frameshift-peptides(FSPs) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) with and without thiopurine-based immunosuppressive ***: Frequencies of peripheral blood T cell responses of IBD patients(n = 75) against FSPs derived from 14 microsatellite-containing candidate genes were quantified by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot.T cells derived from 20 healthy individuals served as ***: Significant T cell reactivities against MSIinduced FSPs were observed in 59 of 75 IBD patients(78.7%).This was significantly more as we could observe in 20 healthy controls(P = 0.001).Overall,the reactivity was significantly influenced by thiopurine treatment(P = 0.032) and duration of disease(P = 0.002) but not by duration or cumulative amount of thiopurine therapy(P = 0.476).Unexpected,15 of 24(62.5%) IBD patients without prior thiopurine treatment also showed increased FSP-specific immune responses(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: These findings propose FSPs as potential novel class of inflammation-associated antigens and this in turn may have implications for screening,diagnosis as well as clinical management of patients suffering from IBD and other inflammatory conditions.

关键词： Microsatellite-instability Inflammatory bowel dise