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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary C.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin w.Z.Loh Tuck wah Soong Jason K.w.Lee Ivan C.C.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).with the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity Cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Robotic reconstructive surgery: The time has arrived

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 339-340,F0002页

作者： Brian w.Chao Department of Urology Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Thank you to the Asian Journal of Urology(AJU)for the honor of allowing me to be the guest editor for this special focus section on robotic urinary tract *** topic has been a large focus for me in my career;in my pursuit of knowledge in this new sub-field of urology,I have been so fortunate to have met so many talented surgeons who share a similar *** urinary tract spans a large anatomical region,and due to the large variety of conditions that affect it,an endless variety of functional and structural urologic problems can *** have always been adept surgeons capable of operating in various anatomical spaces and have embraced technological ***,the trend has moved from open surgery to endoscopic treatment;however,many patients with reconstructive needs remain untreated or sub-optimally managed.

关键词： surgery constructive editor

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Applications of optical control materials based on localized surface plasmon resonance effect in smart windows

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Tungsten 2024年第4期6卷 711-731页

作者： Na Ta Jing-Yi Huang Shuai He w.Hanggai Luo-Meng Chao College of Science Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology

The increasing energy consumption in buildings due to cooling and heating,accounting for over one-third of the total energy consumption in society,has become a growing ***,reducing building energy consumption has become an urgent issue for countries *** serve as the primary channel for energy exchange between the indoor and the outdoor *** providing natural lighting for occupants,windows are also the weakest link in terms of energy *** recent years,there have been some new and superior coating glass technologies compared to traditional low-emissivity *** coatings utilize various optical functional materials to regulate the incident sunlight,aiming to save cooling and heating energy ***,such as tungsten-based compounds,vanadium dioxide,lanthanum hexaboride,or copper monosulfide,can absorb near-infrared light to effectively control solar radiation by leveraging the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) effect of *** paper mainly introduces the micro-mechanisms of these materials and provides a detailed summary of the latest advancements in coating *** application and effects of these coatings in building energy conservation are ***,the challenges and prospects of LSPRbased smart windows are *** is expected that this review will provide new insights into the application of smart windows in green buildings.

关键词： Copper monosulfide Lanthanum hexaboride Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) Tungsten Tungsten-based compounds Vanadium dioxide

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Mineral-mediated stability of organic carbon in soil and relevant interaction mechanisms

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第1期3卷 59-76页

作者： Zibo Xu Daniel C.w.Tsang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

Soil,the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir,is central to climate change and relevant feedback to environmental *** are the essential components that contribute to over 60%of soil carbon ***,how the interactions between minerals and organic carbon shape the carbon transformation and stability remains poorly ***,we critically review the primary interactions between organic carbon and soil minerals and the relevant mechanisms,including sorption,redox reaction,co-precipitation,dissolution,polymerization,and catalytic *** interactions,highly complex with the combination of multiple processes,greatly affect the stability of organic carbon through the following processes:(1)formation or deconstruction of the mineral–organic carbon association;(2)oxidative transformation of the organic carbon with minerals;(3)catalytic polymerization of organic carbon with minerals;and(4)varying association stability of organic carbon according to the mineral *** pieces of evidence related to the carbon turnover and stability during the interaction with soil minerals in the real eco-environment are then *** also highlight the current research gaps and outline research priorities,which may map future directions for a deeper mechanismsbased understanding of the soil carbon storage capacity considering its interactions with minerals.

关键词： Carbon stability Mineral transformation Carbon sequestration Bio-geochemistry Soil carbon management Sustainable waste management

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Detecting fake reviewers in heterogeneous networks of buyers and sellers:a collaborative training-based spammer group algorithm

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Cybersecurity 2024年第2期7卷 44-67页

作者： Qi Zhang Zhixiang Liang Shujuan Ji Benyong Xing Dickson K.w.Chiu Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of wisdom Mine Information Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Zhejang University-University of linois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Haining 314499ZhejiangChina School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Faculty of Education The University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong KongChina

It is not uncommon for malicious sellers to collude with fake reviewers(also called spammers)to write fake reviews for multiple products to either demote competitors or promote their products'reputations,forming a gray industry *** detect spammer groups in a heterogeneous network with rich semantic information from both buyers and sellers,researchers have conducted extensive research using Frequent Item Mining-based and graph-based ***,these methods cannot detect spammer groups with cross-product attacks and do not jointly consider structural and attribute features,and structure-attribute correlation,resulting in poorer detection ***-fore,we propose a collaborative training-based spammer group detection algorithm by constructing a heterogene-ous induced sub-network based on the target product set to detect cross-product attack spammer *** jointly consider all available features,we use the collaborative training method to learn the feature representations of *** addition,we use the DBSCAN clustering method to generate candidate groups,exclude innocent ones,and rank them to obtain spammer *** experimental results on real-world datasets indicate that the overall detection performance of the proposed method is better than that of the baseline methods.

关键词： Spammer group Heterogeneous network Collaborative training DBSCAN

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The CCD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.w.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.w.Buggey S.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani S.Sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and CAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms as predictors of erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede w.K.Duarsa Yeremia G.Kusumah Ronald Sugianto Pande M.w.Tirtayasa Tjokorda G.B.Mahadewa Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Medical Doctor Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ***: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history ***: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (pwith ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract symptoms severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volume was not significant.

关键词： Prostate enlargement Biomarker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

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Coating powder beds with liquids and foams based on viscous formulations using a twin screw mixer:A continuous process study

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 364-376页

作者： Mohamed S.Manga Dimitrios Kontziampasis Mustafa Al-Maqdad Sean Clifford Serafim Bakalis David w.York School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Science and Engineering University of DundeeDD14HNDundeeScotlandUK Dundee International Institute of Central South University Tongzipo RoadCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNE17RUUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNG72RDUK

Coating with viscous formulations has been essential in numerous industries as it can be a means for providing functionalization, additional properties, as well as other benefits. However, there have been scarce studies that have investigated and proposed methodologies in literature. Continuous coating of powders with viscous liquids poses as a promising technology, which has been mentioned in some studies, but has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper employs the use of image processing and analysis, in combination with statistical analysis of particles to evaluate the effectiveness of foams and liquids as a means of coating powder beds. Two different sizes of twin screw mixers that are working in continuous operation are employed, and a new continuous foaming device is fabricated and used for the experiments of coating. The effect of materials and process parameters (as for example rotational speed, and flowrate) on the quality of coating are investigated. Image analysis is used to assess the coating quality. The results clearly showcase the potential of using twin screw mixers for coating purposes and not only for mixing. The hypothesis that using large bubble foams to improve the coating of viscous liquids on particles is proven correct, as they provide higher quality coatings compared to their equivalent liquids, when used in the twin screw mixer. Surprisingly, using a larger scale twin screw mixer, does not show a substantial effect on the mixing, regarding quality, however there is still a requirement for mix optimization for achieving scale-up of this process. These results provide a new pathway for coating powders with viscous formulations in industrial applications, requiring less energy and effort in this process, and can pave the way towards introducing more sustainable industrial methodologies for coating.

关键词： Powder coating Continuous processing Viscous liquid Foam Image analysis Positron emission particle traking(PEPT)

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Coupled Cu doping and Z-scheme heterojunction for synergistically enhanced tetracycline photodegradation

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5937-5948页

作者： Huidong Shen Chunming Yang Song Hong Leiduan Hao Liang Xu Alex w.Robertson Zhenyu Sun Country State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China Department of Physics University of WarwickCoventry CV 47ALUK

Semiconductor-based photocatalysis by utilizing solar energy for sustainable organic pollutant elimination has been a promising tactic to alleviate environmental ***,the development of robust and efficient photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants still faces major challenges because of insufficient charge *** we design and fabricate a heterojunction consisting of copper,carbon-modified TiO_(2),and sulfur-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets(i.e.,S-C_(3)N_(4)/Cu/C-TiO_(2)).The heterostructure affords a remarkable synergistic photocatalysis for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation,achieving an 82.6%removal efficiency within 30 min under visible light irradiation,about 15.4 and 7.3 times higher than that of S-C_(3)N_(4)and C-TiO_(2),*** superior performance is attributed to the synergy between Cu doping and the Z-scheme heterojunction,which not only enhances the interfacial electric field effect,facilitating charge separation,but also boosts the redox *** charge carrier transfer between Cu/C-TiO_(2)and S-C_(3)N_(4)follows a Z-scheme,as verified by trapping experiments,electron spin-resonance spectroscopy,and density functional theory ***,the tetracycline hydrochloride degradation pathways are enunciated by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry *** work provides an effective approach for constructing high-performance photocatalysts that have potential in environmental remediation.

关键词： photocatalysis Cu doping Z-scheme heterojunction electrons and holes separation tetracycline degradation

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Responses of growth performance,antioxidant function,small intestinal morphology and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein to dietary iron in yellow-feathered broilers

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1329-1337页

作者： Kaiwen Lei Hao wu Jerry w Spears Xi Lin Xi wang Xue Bai Yanling Huang Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-7621USA

This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant *** morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per *** dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)*** with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(Pwith supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(Pwith increased dietary Fe *** villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary *** dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA *** summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.

关键词： iron yellow-feathered broiler antioxidant function intestinal morphology tight junction protein

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