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Resilience indicators support valuation of estuarine ecosystem restoration under climate change

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第4期3卷 15-33页

作者： L.A.wainger D.H.Secor C.Gurbisz w.m.kemp P.m.Glibert E.D.Houde J.Richkus m.C.Barber Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceP.O.Box 38SolomonsMaryland 20688 USA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceP.O.Box 775CambridgeMaryland 21613 USA National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center 1 Park PlaceSuite 300AnnapolisMD 21401 USA RTI International 70113th St.NWSuite 750WashingtonD.C.20005 USA

Economic valuation of ecological restoration most often encompasses only the most tangible ecosystem service benefits,thereby omitting many difficult-to measure benefits,including those derived from enhanced reliability of ecosystem *** climate change is likely to impose novel ecosystem stressors,a typical approach to valuing benefits may fail to capture the contribution of ecosystem resilience to sustaining long-term ***,we generally lack predictive probabilistic models that would enable measurement and valuation of ***,alternative measures are needed to complement monetary values and broaden understanding of restoration *** use a case study of Chesapeake Bay restoration(total maximum daily load)to show that ecosystem service benefits that are typically monetized leave critical information *** address these gaps,we review evidence for ecosystem services that can be quantified or described,including changes in harmful algal bloom *** further propose two integrative indicators of estuarine resilience-the extent of submerged aquatic vegetation and spatial distribution of *** aquatic vegetation extent is indicative of qualities of ecosystems that promote positive feedbacks to water *** distributed fish populations reduce risk by promoting diverse responses to spatially heterogeneous *** synthesis and new analyses for the Chesapeake Bay suggest that resilience metrics improve understanding of restoration benefits by demonstrating how nutrient and sediment load reductions will alleviate multiple sources of stress,thereby enhancing the system’s capacity to absorb or adapt to extreme events or novel stresses.

关键词： benefit-relevant indicators climate change economic valuation ecosystem services non-monetary benefit indicators resilience total maximum daily load water quality.

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Developing a two-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections with a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： w.Ashane m.Fernando I.P.Senanayake Department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps showing the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating ***,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical when high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is *** satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods with spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics between rice fields and other vegetation *** this end,we explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over two *** images from 2000 to 2020 of two Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts were extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm was applied to distinguish the rice *** results showed above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,when compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth *** essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,water(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click *** maps developed in this study were further compared against the mODIS land cover type product(mCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed *** work seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsewhere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

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Food intolerance and the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Food Science and Human wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1729-1738页

作者： Klaus w.Lange Andreas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura Katharina m.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany Department of Psychology University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)*** rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic *** oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be ***,ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the ***,if symptoms remit,foods are re-introduced,while observing the individual for the return of *** advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual.A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain *** effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to *** evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further *** large-scale,randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

关键词： Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Food intolerance Few-foods diet Etiology Treatment

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Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel m.Ngui Joseph m.mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine w.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-m four villages in mwaluphamba *** specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,*** without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a ***,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths mwaluphamba

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO_(2)thin films

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： S X Chen m m Chen Y Liu D w Cao G J Chen Department of microelectronics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Physics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangdong–Hong Kong–macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225China

Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CmOS)***,the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less competitive,which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin ***,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress *** this paper,the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin films on(111)-oriented Si substrate has been *** analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain,which promoted the crystallization of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin *** addition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2),which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accordingly,an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm^(2) has been *** results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO_(2)

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SmILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.w.Buggey T.Arnold m.w.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SmILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SmILE

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Genomic mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.Graham Johannes C.m.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang martin w.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and molecular medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

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Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： John w.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay m.Crossley Jessica J.Orchard margo mountjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine *** Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System(OSIICS)is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic *** updates of coding systems are ***:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly ***:Recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in *** landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international *** large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

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A parsimonious Bayesian predictive model for forecasting new reported cases of west Nile disease

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Infectious Disease modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1175-1197页

作者： Saman Hosseini Lee w.Cohnstaedt John m.Humphreys Caterina Scoglio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense Facility USDA ARSManhattanKSUSA Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense FacilityUSDA ARSManhattanKSUSA

Upon researching predictive models related towest Nile virus disease,it is discovered that there are numerous parameters and extensive information in most models,thus contributing to unnecessary *** challenge frequently encountered is the lead time,which refers to the period for which predictions are made and often is too *** paper addresses these issues by introducing a parsimonious method based on ICC curves,offering a logistic distribution model derived from the vector-borne SEIR *** existing models relying on diverse environmental data,our approach exclusively utilizes historical and present infected human cases(number of new cases).with a yearlong lead time,the predictions extend throughout the 12 months,gaining precision as new data *** conditions are derived to minimize Bayesian loss,enhancing predictive *** construct a Bayesian forecasting probability density function using carefully selected prior *** these functions,we predict monthspecific infections nationwide,rigorously evaluating accuracy with probabilistic ***,HPD credible intervals at 90%,95%,and 99%levels is *** assessment is conducted for HPD intervals,measuring the proportion of intervals that does not include actual reported cases for 2020e2022.

关键词： west nile virus ICC curve Bayesian model Logistic distribution HPD credible interval

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Superplasticity of fine-grained mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.Jeong S.w.Lee w.J.Kim Department of materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

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