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Developing a tw.-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections w.th a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： w.Ashane M.Fernando I.P.Senanayake Department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps show.ng the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating ***,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical w.en high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is *** satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods w.th spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics betw.en rice fields and other vegetation *** this end,w. explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over tw. *** images from 2000 to 2020 of tw. Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts w.re extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm w.s applied to distinguish the rice *** results show.d above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,w.en compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth *** essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,w.ter(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click *** maps developed in this study w.re further compared against the MODIS land cover type product(MCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed *** w.rk seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsew.ere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest Mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

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Charge qubits based on ultra-thin topological insulator films

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 71-81页

作者： Kexin Zhang Hugo V.Lepage Ying Dong Crispin H.w.Barnes Research Center for Quantum Sensing Intelligent Perception Research InstituteZhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom

w. study how.to use the surface states in a Bi2Se3 topological insulator ultra-thin film that are affected by finite size effects for the purpose of quantum *** demonstrate that:(i)surface states under the finite size effect can effectively form a tw.-level system w.ere their energy levels lie in betw.en the bulk energy gap and a logic qubit can be constructed,(ii)the qubit can be initialized and manipulated using electric pulses of simple forms,(iii)tw.-qubit entanglement is achieved through a√Sw.P operation w.en the tw. qubits are in a parallel setup,and(iv)alternatively,a Floquet state can be exploited to construct a qubit and tw. Floquet qubits can be entangled through a Controlled-NOT *** Floquet qubit offers robustness to background noise since there is alw.ys an oscillating electric field applied,and the single qubit operations are controlled by amplitude modulation of the oscillating field,w.ich is convenient experimentally.

关键词： topological insulator quantum computing nanodevices

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Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Safety Know.edge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers of Children under 5 Years in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 401-420页

作者： Alain Hien Jérome w. Somé Olivier O. Sombié Isidore Traoré Augustin N. Zeba Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Institute of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso National Institute of Public Health Muraz Center Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Research and Teaching Laboratory in Animal Health and Biotechnology Nazi Boni University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research/Institute for Health Sciences Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research/Institute for Health Sciences Research Western Regional Directorate Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Public Health Nutrition Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the know.edge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso w.re administered the FAO questionnaire for food safety know.edge, attitudes, and practices assessment during tw. cross-sectional surveys, before and after the intervention, in January and October 2017. The intervention included tw. components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test w.s used to assess the effect of the intervention on food safety KAP of mothers of children under 5 years. Results: The mean age of mothers w.s 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of them w.re betw.en 20 and 29 years old. One for know.edge (cooking thoroughly w.th, p-value = 0.0001) and another for attitudes (perceived benefits of reheating leftovers before eating them, p-value = 0.0001), significantly increased after the intervention. In terms of food safety practices, all the indicators (cleaning of dirty surfaces, plates and utensils and storage of perishable foods) significantly increased (all p = 0.0001 Conclusion: This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention for improving maternal KAP on food safety for their child’s feeding.

关键词： Nutrition Education Intervention Know.edge Attitudes and Practices Food Safety Mothers of Children under 5 Years Burkina Faso

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. w.ncheski Kiri Li N. Stauch Laura M. Grossner Maya B. Zepeda James w. Grice Charles I. Abramson Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and memory in honey bees (Apis mellifera). The series of experiments outlined in this paper aimed to test w.ether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a w.ight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experiments in our laboratory have explored w.ether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee performance and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experiment examined if bees could differentiate betw.en the tw. caps in the amount of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap w.s pushed w.en the caps w.re presented one at a time. The second experiment explored cap w.ight preference by presenting bees w.th a choice betw.en the tw. caps. The third and fourth experiments tested the bee’s ability to expect rew.rd or punishment based on cap w.ight. Results revealed that bees w.re found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore w.re not able to expect rew.rd or punishment based on cap w.ight. These experiments contribute to the debate on w.ether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis mellifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

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Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading w.th different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.H.Zhang H.Li Z.w.Yang X.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its w.de transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low.temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading w.th prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)w.re *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.w.ereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further grow.h of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound tw.ns are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation tw.nning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite tw.ns are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite tw.ns form in the specimen w.th a larger prestrain of 16%.w.th increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new.SIMVs,the further grow.h of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated w.th the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy w.de transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation tw.nning

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The impact of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 444-456页

作者： Dian Chen Xiangming Fang Yu Chen Xiaodong Zheng Zhuo Chen Rodney B.w.Smith Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlanta 30303USA School of Economics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China College of Public Health University of GeorgiaAthens 30602USA Department of Applied Economics University of MinnesotaSaint Paul 55108USA

The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural *** the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is know. about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition *** China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathw.ys and heterogeneous *** exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition *** results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of ***,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and low.rs the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage *** analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathw.y through w.ich Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition *** also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children w.o are non-left-behind or live w.th highly educated mothers,and those from low.income families and poor *** findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

关键词： Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee nutrition height-to-age z-scores stunting rural China

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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.Graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin w.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon w.ere some but not all cells w.thin a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrow.h *** recently,w. increasingly shifted tow.rds the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,w. summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research w.th a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** w.ll provide current definitions and an overview.of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,w. w.ll discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons w.th tuberculosis in India

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 1-15页

作者： Mohan Malu Thangaraj Jeromie w. V. Pandey Sumit Priya G. Sri Lakshmi Arunachalam Sivavallinathan Sharma Rahul Shew.de Hemant Deepak Aishw.rya B. Afeeq K. Khatoon Afsana Gokulvijay B. Sireesha Gude Chandra Kavita Nandhakumar S. Samuel Prince Visw.nathan C. Nanditha Shanmugasundaram Devika Rao Raghuram Murhekar Manoj V. Jeyashree Kathiresan Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127 TNHB Ayapakkam Chennai Tamil Nadu India TB Support Netw.rk WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India Central Tuberculosis Division Government of India New Delhi India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons w.th TB (Pw.B). Our recent nationw.de evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of Pw.B from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. w. undertook a qualitative study betw.en January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** w. follow.d a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. w. conducted 36 in-depth interview. of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framew.rk developed through inductive coding of a set of six interview., guided the coding of the subsequent interview.. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP w.rk w.th the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations w.re identified as enablers of implementation. How.ver, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overw.rked human resources in the NTEP w.re identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

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Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： John w.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay M.Crossley Jessica J.Orchard Margo Mountjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine *** Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System(OSIICS)is one of tw. sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic *** updates of coding systems are ***:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions w.re considered particularly ***:Recommended codes w.re added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in *** landmark sports cardiology papers w.re used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head injury assessment w.re used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 w.ll be translated into multiple new.languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international *** large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance w.rrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

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Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： Sean P.Roach Luke C.McLean Jeff w.MacLeod Leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units w.thin their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random w.y that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is know. about how.those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for w.ich syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),w.ich presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and dow. the frequency *** objective of the present study w.s to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a w.thin-subject examination of how.measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order w.thin song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they w.uld be most prominent at the start of the breeding season w.en activity associated w.th territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering w.thin se-quences w.s highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences w.re most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** w.rk w.ll clarify w.ether that role relates to one of song’s tw. main functions or serves song transmission in some broader w.y.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

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