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Rice straw management through biofuel,biochar,mushroom cultivation,and paper production to overcome environmental pollution in North India

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 483-510页

作者： vikram Kumar Pooja Singh Jyoti Sharma Sakshi Saini Priyanka Sharma Asha Sharma Department of Botany Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtakHaryana124001India

Rice is the prominent food grain required by more than half of the world's population to fulfill their nutritional *** the continuous growth in the population at the global level,rice production has also been ***,high rice production also creates a new problem in waste management *** straw,generated after rice harvest,possesses meager nutritional value,due to which it is less preferred as fodder and burned in the *** burning is one of the major causes of air pollution,leading to lung,heart,eye,and skin-related diseases and even premature *** stubble burning also decreases soil *** this review article,we have discussed the various economic uses of paddy straw which will help to reduce air pollution through the decline in paddy straw *** is produced from paddy straw,which can be mixed into the soil to restore fertility and reduce toxic metals'*** generation of biofuels such as biobutanol,bioethanol,and biogas from rice straw with their mechanism of synthesis is also discussed in this *** straw can also be utilized in the preparation of solid *** with this,mushroom cultivation in paddy straw houses is also *** straw can be used for the pulp and paper industries,which will help to reduce the tree dependence of these *** from this,a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database on rice straw uses for the last 20 years was done,including a bibliographic keyword analysis to show published documents'*** review will give an elaborated overview of the alternative uses of rice straw with a quantitative analysis of air pollution caused by paddy straw *** review will also help to improve the current uses of paddy straw for industrial and commercial benefits to make it more economical.

关键词： Rice straw Environment pollution Biochar Biofuels Mushroom cultivation Paper and pulp

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Paradigm and Ecological Implication of Changing Agricultural Land-use:A Case Study from Govind Wildlife Sanctuary,Central Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： vikram S.NEGI Rakesh K.MAIKHURI Lakhpat S.RAWAT G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Kosi-KatarmalAlmora UttarakhandIndia G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Garhwal unitSrinagar GarhwalUttarakhandIndia

The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(***,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan *** view of this,we studied the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use and dependency of agroecosystem on forest and animal husbandry over a period of two *** on data analysis it was found that the cultivation of some traditional crops has either been abandoned in the area or declined by 25%-85% due to introduction of cash crops viz.,potato,kidney bean and apple farming with acreage increased up to 51%-72% in the last three *** population of different categories has declined drastically by 17%-75%,and has resulted shortage of farmyard manure,deterioration of soil quality and fertility which leads to un-sustainability of agriculture *** changes in agrobiodiversity have led to the dramatic increase in soil loss and runoff from the croplands together with the increase pressure on *** economic evaluation of each crop showed higher monetary benefit from cash crops as compared to traditional *** all the evaluated crops,the monetary output/input ratio was found highest(3.04) for kidney bean and lowest(1.26) for *** in land use and management have improved household income but at the cost of forest degradation,less productive animal husbandry and loss of agrodiversity in the ***,there is an urgent need to bring desirable changes in agricultural policy,research,land use and efficient management of the resources for maintaining sustainability in agro and Himalayan forest ecosystem.

关键词： Forest Animal husbandry Cash crop Traditional agrodiversity Sustainability

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Hybrid Metamodel—NSGA-III—EDAS Based Optimal Design of Thin Film Coatings

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1771-1784页

作者： Kamlendra vikram Uvaraja Ragavendran Kanak Kalita Ranjan Kumar Ghadai Xiao-Zhi Gao Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyAvadi600062India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering MPSTME SVKM’S Narsee Monjee Institute of Management StudiesShirpur425405India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sikkim Manipal Institute of TechnologySikkim Manipal UniversityMajhitar737136India School of Computing University of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland

In this work,diamond-like carbon(DLC)thin film coatings are deposited on silicon substrates by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition(PECVD)*** varying the hydrogen(H2)flow rate,CH4−Argon(Ar)flow rate and deposition temperature(Td)as per a Box-Behnken experimental design(BBD),15 DLC deposition experiments are carried *** Young’s modulus(E)and the coefficient of friction(COF)for the DLCs are *** using a second-order polynomial regression approach,two metamodels are built for E and COF,that establish them as functions of H2 flow rate,CH4-Ar flow rate and Td.A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-III)is used to obtain a set of Pareto solutions for the multi-objective optimization of E maximization and COF *** to various practical scenarios,evaluation based on distance from average solution(EDAS)approach is used to identify the most feasible solutions out of the Pareto solution *** experiments are conducted which shows the efficacy of the polynomial regression—NSGA-III—EDAS hybrid *** surface morphology of the DLCs deposited as per the optimal predictions is also studied by using atomic force microscopy.

关键词： Multi-objective optimization regression analysis thin-film coating

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Role of endoscopic ultrasound during hospitalization for acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第39期16卷 4888-4891页

作者： vikram Kotwal Rupjyoti Talukdar Michael Levy Santhi Swaroop Vege Department of Medicine John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often used to detect the cause of acute pancreatitis(AP)after the acute attack has *** limited data on its role during hospitalization for AP are reviewed *** ability of EUS to visualize the pancreas and bile duct,the sonographic appearance of the pancreas,correlation of such appearance to clinical outcomes and the impact on AP management are analyzed from *** most important indication for EUS appears to be for detection of suspected common bile duct and/or gall bladder stones and *** an approach might avoid diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography with its known *** use of EUS during hospitalization for AP still appears to be infrequent but may become more frequent in future.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Endoscopic ultrasound Acute biliary pancreatitis Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography Idiopathic pancreatitis

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Effects of heavy metal pollution of highway origin on soil nematode guilds in North Shenyang, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 193-198页

作者： HAN Dechang ZHANG Xiaoke TOMAR Vijay vikram Singh LI Qi WEN Dazhong LIANG Wenju Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Biodiversity Research Laboratory Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Soil samples were collected with distance at 5, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 m from the Shen-Ha （Shenyang-Harbin） Highway, Northeast China, to investigate the effect of heavy metals of highway origin on soil nematode guilds. The contents of soil Pb, Cu, Zn, and the nematode community structure were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total and available Pb, Ca, Zn varied significantly with the different distances from the highway. Pb was the main pollutant in the soils in the vicinity of Shen-Ha Highway. The zone from 20 to 40 m away from the highway was the most polluted area. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at 5 m while the lowest at 20 m away from the highway. Thirty six genera of nematodes belonging to 23 families were identified. Nematode guilds having different responses to soil heavy metals were classified into four types. Soil nematode guilds may act as a prominent indicator to heavy metal pollution of highway origin.

关键词： soil pollution of highway origin heavy metals soil nematode guilds

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Predictors of fifty days in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第12期8卷 566-572页

作者： Chinmaya Kumar Bal Ripu Daman vikram Bhatia Depart-ment of Hepatology Institute of Liver and Biliary Science

AIM: To determine the predictors of 50 d in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen patients admitted to an intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital between June 2013 and June 2014 with the diagnosis of SBP(during hospitalization) and cirrhosis were retrospectively analysed. SBP was diagnosed by abdominal paracentesis in the presence of polymorphonuclear cell count ≥ 250 cells/mm3 in the peritoneal fluid. Student's t test, multivariate logistic regression, cox proportional hazard ratio(HR), receiver operating characteristics(ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were utilized for statistical analysis. Predictive abilities of several variables identified by multivariate analysis were compared using the area under ROC curve. P < 0.05 were considered statistical significant. RESULTS: The 50 d in-hospital mortality rate attributable to SBP is 43.11%(n = 94). Median survival duration for those who died was 9 d. In univariate analysis acute kidney injury(AKI), hepatic encephalopathy, septic shock, serum bilirubin, international normalized ratio, aspartate transaminase, and model for end-stage liver disease- sodium(MELD-Na) were significantly associated with in- hospital mortality in patients with SBP(P ≤ 0.001). Multivariate coxproportional regression analysis showed AKI(HR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.36-3.42, P = 0.001) septic shock(HR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.05-2.83, P = 0.029) MELD-Na(HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.02-1.09, P ≤ 0.001) was significantly associated with 50 d in-hospital mortality. The prognostic accuracy for AKI, MELD-Na and septic shock was 77%, 74% and 71% respectively associated with 50 d inhospital mortality in SBP ***: AKI, MELD-Na and septic shock were predictors of 50 d in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with SBP.

关键词： Decompensated cirrhosis Acute kidney injury Model for end-stage liver disease sodium Septic shock Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第16期11卷 3664-3679页

作者： vikram K Mahajan Vikas Sharma Neeraj Sharma Ritu Rani Department of Dermatology Venereology and LeprosyDr.Radhakrishnan Government Medical CollegeHamirpur 177001Himachal PradeshIndia

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease,a rare form of necrotizing lymphadenitis,is an uncommon,benign,self-limiting disorder of obscure *** affects mostly young adults of both ***,it presents with fever and lymphadenopathy of a firm to rubbery consistency frequently involving cervical lymph nodes while weight loss,splenomegaly,leucopenia,and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate feature in severely affected *** involvement occurs in about 30%-40%of cases as facial erythema and nonspecific erythematous papules,plaques,acneiform or morbilliform lesions of great histologic *** Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and systemic lupus erythematosus share an obscure and complex relationship as systemic lupus erythematosus may occasionally precede,develop subsequently,or sometimes be associated concurrently with Kikuchi-Fujimoto *** is often mistaken for non-Hodgkin lymphoma while lupus lymphadenitis,cat-scratch disease,Sweet’s syndrome,Still’s disease,drug eruptions,infectious mononucleosis,and viral or tubercular lymphadenitis are other common *** needle aspiration cytology mostly has features of nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis and immunohistochemistry studies usually show variable features of uncertain diagnostic *** its diagnosis is exclusively from histopathology,it needs to be evaluated more carefully;an early lymph node biopsy will obviate the need for unnecessary investigations and therapeutic *** treatment with systemic corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,or antimicrobial agents mostly remains *** article reviews clinicoepidemiological,diagnostic,and management aspects of KFD from the perspective of practicing clinicians.

关键词： Cervical lymphadenopathy Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis Kikuchi’s disease Lymphadenopathy Lymphoma Systemic lupus erythematosus

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An interpretation of wave refraction and its influence on foreshore sediment distribution

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 151-160页

作者： Vincent Jayaraj Joevivek Nainarpandian Chandrasekar Ramakrishnan Jayangondaperumal vikram Chandra Thakur Krishnan Shree Purniema Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology Centre for GeoTechnology Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Francis Xavier Engineering College Structure and Tectonics Group Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

To analyze the grain size and depositional environment of the foreshore sediments, a study was undertaken on wave refraction along the wide sandy beaches of central Tamil Nadu coast. The nearshore waves approach the coast at 45° during the northeast(NE) monsoon, at 135° during the southwest(SW) monsoon and at 90° during the non-monsoon or fair-weather period with a predominant wave period of 8 and 10 s. A computer based wave refraction pattern is constructed to evaluate the trajectories of shoreward propagating waves along the coast in different seasons. The convergent wave rays during NE monsoon, leads to high energy wave condition which conveys a continuous erosion at foreshore region while divergent and inept condition of rays during the SW and non-monsoon, leads to moderate and less energy waves that clearly demarcates the rebuilt beach sediments through littoral sediment transport. The role of wave refraction in foreshore deposits was understood by grain size and depositional environment analysis. The presence of fine grains with the mixed population, during the NE monsoon reveals that the high energy wave condition and sediments were derived from beach and river environment. Conversely, the presence of medium grains with uniform population, during SW and non-monsoon attested less turbulence and sediments were derived from prolong propagation of onshore-offshore wave *** upshots are apparently correlated with the in situ beach condition. On the whole, from this study it is understood that beaches underwent erosion during the NE monsoon and restored its original condition during the SW and non-monsoon seasons that exposed the stability of the beach and nearshore condition.

关键词： foreshore grain size wave refraction sediment transport beach India

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Evaluation of freezing state of sandstone using ultrasonic time-frequency characteristics

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第3期15卷 584-599页

作者： Jiwei Zhang Julian Murton Tim Cane vikram Maji Lili Sui Shujie Liu Song Zhang University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083China Permafrost Laboratory Department of GeographyUniversity of SussexBrightonBN19QJUK Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpurIndia North China University of Technology Beijing100041China

Common problems in engineering projects that involve artificial ground freezing of soil or rock include inadequate thickness,strength and continuity of artificial frozen *** is difficult to evaluate the freezing state using only a few thermometer holes at fixed positions or with other existing *** we report a novel experimental design that investigates changes in ultrasonic properties(received waveform,wave velocity V_(p),wave amplitude,frequency spectrum,centroid frequency f_(c),kurtosis of the frequency spectrum KFS,and quality factor Q)measured during upward freezing,compared with those during uniform freezing,in order to determine the freezing state in 150 mm cubic blocks of Ardingly *** content,porosity and density were estimated during upward freezing to ascertain water migration and changes of porosity and density at different *** period of receiving the wave increased substantially and coda waves changed from loose to compact during both upward and uniform *** trend of increasing V_(p) can be divided into three stages during uniform *** upward freezing,V_(p) increased more or less *** frequency spectrum could be used as a convenient and rapid method to identify different freezing states of sandstone(unfrozen,upward frozen,and uniformly frozen).The continuous changes in reflection coefficient r_(φ),refraction coefficient t_(φ) and acoustic impedance field are the major reason for larger reflection and refraction during upward freezing compared with uniform *** velocity V_(p),wave amplitude A_(h),centroid frequency f_(c) and quality factor Q were adopted as ultrasonic parameters to evaluate quantitatively the temperature T of uniformly frozen sandstone,and their application within a radar chart is *** of V_(p) provides a convenient method to evaluate the freezing state and calculate the cryofront height and frozen section thickness of upward frozen sandstone,with

关键词： Frozen sandstone Uniform freezing Upward freezing Ultrasonic testing Freezing state

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When the left side knows something happened to the right–sensing injury in neurons contralateral and remote to injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1854-1855页

作者： Valerie M.K.Verge Jovan C.D.Hasmatali vikram Misra Department of Anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyCameco MS Neuroscience Research CenterUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Department of Critical Care Medicine Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada Department of Veterinary Microbiology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada

How sensory neurons encode axonal injury signals has been a longstanding area of neurological *** into the cellular and transcriptional changes in the injured neurons have driven many new therapeutic strategies to improve *** contrast,less focus has been centered on the systemic or transneuronal changes that may arise from these injuries and how they may impact or factor into the alterations in gene expression,physiology and neuropathology,such as mirror image pain,arising in regions either directly contralateral or those remote to the injury *** in this area is clinically *** patients with chronic unilateral pain due to multiple pathologies,many of which involve nerve trauma,there is a very high incidence of bilateral sensory abnormalities reported with 33–50%of patients with mechanical abnormalities reporting contralateral sensory abnormalities(Konopka et al.,2012).This has implications when evaluating sensory abnormalities or pain states in patients,as the contralateral side is often used as the non-affected ***,the bilateral nature of these sensory abnormalities,albeit usually less severe on the contralateral side,support that a systemic or central nervous system component is involved in this aspect of the *** highlights the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these bilateral responses as this will likely impact therapeutic treatments for these patients.

关键词： injuries injury something

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