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Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第6期2卷 63-70页

作者： Sayasone S Erlanger TE Kaul S Sananikhom P Tanner M utzinger j Odermatt P Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Swiss Tropical InstituteBaselSwitzerland Institut de la Francophonie pour la Medecine Tropicale VientianeLao PDR International SOS Singapore Nam Theun 2 Power CompanyVientianeLao PDR Nam Theun 2 Power Company VientianeLao PDR

Objective:To compare perceived ill-health and health seeking behavior between two communities affected by the large Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in central Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR).Methods: Two different affected areas;Nakai plateaubeing remote,sparcely populated and mountainous,and Xe Bang Fai lowland plains,more densely populated and comparatively affluent were *** were obtained from two cross-sectional household-based health and socio-economic ***:We found pronounced differences in the frequency of self-reported fever,cough,headache and myalgia according to *** the Nakai plateau,45.1%of the individuals with ill-health report(recall period;2 weeks) went to a local health volunteer compared to only 7.2%in the Xe Bang Fai area(P ject.

关键词： Self-reported ill-health Health seeking behavior Lao PDR Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project

Towards integrated surveillance-response systems for the prevention of future pandemics

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 87-92页

作者： jakob Zinsstag jürg utzinger Nicole Probst-Hensch Lv Shan Xiao-Nong Zhou Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention&Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China

Most human pathogens originate from non-human hosts and certain pathogens persist in animal *** transmission of such pathogens to humans may lead to self-sustaining chains of *** pathogens represent the highest risk for future *** their prevention,the transmission over the species barrier—although rare—should,by all means,be *** the current COVID-19 pandemic,surprisingly though,most of the current research concentrates on the control by drugs and vaccines,while comparatively little scientific inquiry focuses on future *** in 2012,the World Bank recommended to engage in a systemic One Health approach for zoonoses control,considering integrated surveillance-response and control of human and animal diseases for primarily economic *** examples,like integrated West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitos,wild birds,horses and humans in Italy show evidence of financial savings from a closer cooperation of human and animal health *** a zoonotic origin can be ascertained for the COVID-19 pandemic,integrated wildlife,domestic animal and humans disease surveillance-response may contribute to prevent future *** conclusion,the earlier a zoonotic pathogen can be detected in the environment,in wildlife or in domestic animals;and the better human,animal and environmental surveillance communicate with each other to prevent an outbreak,the lower are the cumulative costs.

关键词： Integrated surveillance-response One health Pandemics Transdisciplinarity Zoonoses

Strategies supporting the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 135-141页

作者： john P.Ehrenberg Xiao-Nong Zhou Gilberto Fontes Eliana M.M.Rocha Marcel Tanner jürg utzinger Avenida Cedro 9 #303CholulMeridaYucatanMexico Formerly World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificManilaThe Philippines National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention&Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research ShanghaiPeople's Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China Laboratory of Parasitology Central-West CampusFederal University of S(a)o Jo(a)o del ReiDivinopolisMinas GeraisBrazil Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland

Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases represent a public health challenge of international *** include a large group of neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),many of which are of zoonotic *** disease 201g(COVID-19),another emerging zoonotic disease,has just increased the stakes *** NTDs are subject to the impact of some of the very same human-related activities triggering other emerging and re-emerging diseases,including COVID-19,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),bird flu and swine *** is conceivable that COVID-19 will exacerbate the NTDs,as it will divert much needed financial and human *** is considerable concern that recent progress achieved with control and elimination efforts will be *** potential strategies will need to reconsider the determinants of health in NTDs in order to galvanize efforts and come up with a comprehensive,well defined programme that will set the stage for an effective multi-sectorial *** this Commentary,we propose areas of potential synergies between the COVID-19 pandemic control efforts other health and non-health sector initiatives and NTD control and elimination programmes.

关键词： COVID-19 Emerging and re-emerging diseases Multi-sectorial approaches Neglected tropical diseases Zoonotic diseases

Experience and lessons from health impact assessment guiding prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in a copper mine project,northwestern Zambia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1023-1033页

作者： Astrid M.Knoblauch Mark j.Divall Milka Owuor Kennedy Nduna Harrison Ng’uni Gertrude Musunka Anna Pascall jürg utzinger Mirko S.Winkler Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland SHAPE Consulting Ltd. GY12 St Peter PortChannel IslandsGuernseyUK Solwezi District Health Management Team 40100 SolweziZambia First Quantum Minerals Limited 10100 LusakaZambia

Background:To avoid or mitigate potential project-related adverse health effects,the Trident copper project in Kalumbila,northwestern Zambia,commissioned a health impact *** was identified a priority health issue based on the local vulnerability to HIV transmission and experience from other mining projects in ***,an HIV/AIDS management plan was developed,including community and workplace interventions,with HIV testing and counselling(HTC)being one of the key *** present trends in HTC data over a 4-year ***:In 13 communities affected by the Trident project,HTC was implemented from 2012 onwards,using rapid diagnostic tests,accompanied by pre-and post-test counselling through trained *** addition,HTC was initiated in the project workforce in 2013,coinciding with the launch of the mine *** uptake and HIV positivity rates were assessed in the study population and linked to demographic factors using regression ***:In total,11,638 community members and 5564 workers have taken up HTC with an increase over *** HIV positivity rate in the community was 3.0%in 2012 and 3.4%in 2015,while positivity rate in the workforce was 5.2%in 2013 and 4.3%in *** showed a significantly higher odds of having a positive test result than males(odds ratio(OR)=1.96,95%confidence interval(CI):1.55-2.50 among women in the community and OR=2.90,95%CI:1.74-4.84 among women in the workforce).HTC users in the 35-49 years age group were most affected by HIV,with an average positivity rate of 6.6%in the community sample and 7.9%in the workforce *** study groups had 4.50 and 4.95 higher odds of being positive,respectively,compared to their younger counterparts(15-24 years).Conclusions:While HTC uptake increased five-fold in the community and almost three-fold in the workplace,the HIV positivity rates were insignificantly higher in 2015 compared to *** data can be used alongside other surveillance data to

关键词： Community health management Health impact assessment HIV Mining Occupational health Sexually transmitted infections Zambia

Efforts to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic:potential entry points for neglected tropical diseases

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 4-13页

作者： john P.Ehrenberg jurg utzinger Gilberto Fontes Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha Nieves Ehrenberg Xiao-Nong Zhou Peter Steinmann Avenida Cedro 9 #303CholulMeridaYucatanMexico Retired from World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificManilaThe Philippines Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Federal University of Sao joao del Rei Centra l-West CampusDivin opolisMinas GeraisBrazil Inter national Fou ndation for Integrated Care OxfordUK National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention&Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research ShanghaiPeople's Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China.

Background:The damage inflicted by the coronavirus diseases 2019(COVID-19)pandemic upon humanity is and will continue to be *** progress made in global health over the past 20 years has reverted and economic growth has already evaporated,giving rise to a global recession,the likes of which we may not have experienced since the Second World *** aim is to draw the attention of the neglected tropical disease(NTD)community towards some of the major emerging economic opportunities which are quickly appearing on the horizon as a result of *** text:This scoping review relied on a literature search comprised of a sample of articles,statements,and press releases on initiatives aimed at mitigating the impact of COVID-19,while supporting economic *** note,the donor scenario and economic development agendas are highly dynamic and expected to change rapidly as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds,as are donor and lender *** elusions:The NTD community,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),will need to work quickly,diligently,and in close collaboration with decision-makers and key stakeholders,across sectors at national and international level to secure its *** so might enhance the odds of grasping potential opportunities to access some of the massive resources that are now available in the form of contributions from corporate foundations,trust funds,loans,debt relieve schemes,and other financial mechanisms,as part of the ongoing and future economic development agendas and public health priorities driven by the COVID-19 *** paper should serve as a starting point for the NTD community to seek much needed financial support in order to sustain and revitalize control and elimination efforts pertaining to NTDs in LMICs.

关键词： COVID-19 Economic recovery Neglected tropical diseases Scoping review

Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1123-1135页

作者： Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert jvan Dam Pytsje THoekstra Paul L.A.M.Corstjens Beatrice Nickel Hanspeter Marti jürg utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Health SciencesMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People’s Democratic Republic Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland National Institute of Public Health Ministry of HealthVientianeLao People’s Democratic Republic National Centre for Parasitology Entomology and Malaria ControlMinistry of HealthPhnom PenhCambodia Ingerod BrastadSweden Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Molecular Cell Biology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

Background:Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Lao PDR)and two provinces in Cambodia,together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence,the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems ***,sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been *** compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in ***-endemic ***:The prevalence and infection intensity of *** were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination,antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow *** highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens(CCA,CAA)in urine and serum were ***:Stool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of *** of 6.4%(one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR),while that of Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia *** 50.4%,28.1%,3.5%,0.3%and 1.9%,*** the urine samples,the tests for CCA and CAA detected *** infections in 21.0%and 38.7%of the study participants,*** the serum samples,the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%,while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%.There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao ***:The CCA,CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for *** compared to Kato-Katz thick *** schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated ***,sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission of ***

关键词： Cambodia Food-borne trematodes Kato-Katz Lao People’s Democratic Republic Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Schistosoma mekongi Serology Soil-transmitted helminths Up-converting phosphorlateral-flow circulating anodic antigen

Prevalence of diarrhoea and risk factors among children under five years old in Mbour,Senegal:a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 976-987页

作者： Sokhna Thiam Aminata N.Diene Samuel Fuhrimann Mirko S.Winkler Ibrahima Sy jacques A.Ndione Christian Schindler Penelope Vounatsou jurg utzinger Ousmane Faye Gueladio Cisse Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Departement de Geographie UniversiteCheikh Anta Diop de DakarBP 5005 DakarSenegal Centre de Suivi Ecologique BP 15532 Dakar-FannSenegal Departement de Biologie Animale UniversiteCheikh Anta Diop de DakarBP 5005 DakarSenegal

Background:Diarrhoeal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children,particularly in low-and middle-income *** Senegal,diarrhoea is responsible for 15%of all deaths in children under the age of five and is the third leading cause of childhood *** targeted planning and implementation of prevention strategies,a context-specific understanding of the determinants of diarrhoeal diseases is *** aim of this study was to identify risk factors of diarrhoeal diseases in children under the age of five in Mbour,***:Between February and March 2014,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in four zones of Mbour to estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases(*** episodes in the 2 weeks preceding the survey)and associated risk *** zones covered urban central,peri-central,north peripheral and south peripheral ***,596 households were surveyed by a questionnaire,yielding information on sociodemographic,environmental and hygiene behavioural *** and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of ***:The reported prevalence of diarrhoea among children under the age of five during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 26%.Without adjustment,the highest diarrhoea prevalence rates were observed in the peri-central(44.8%)and urban central zones(36.3%).Multivariable regression revealed significant associations between diarrhoeal diseases and unemployment of mothers(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.18-2.23),use of open bags for storing household waste(aOR=1.75,95%CI:1.00-3.02),evacuation of household waste in public streets(aOR=2.07,95%CI:1.20-3.55),no treatment of stored drinking water(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56)and use of shared toilets(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56).Conclusion:We found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Mbour,with the highest prevalence occur

关键词： Children under five year-old Cross-sectional survey Diarrhoea Multivariable logistic regression Risk factor Senegal

Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in"hotspot"and"control"areas in Ghana:the importance of vectors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 45-55页

作者： Sellase Pi-Bansa joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong Elizabeth Elhassan Osei Kweku Akuoko David Agyemang Collins Ahorlu Maxwell Alexander Appawu Benjamin Guibehi Koudou Michael David Wilson Dziedzom Komi de Souza Samuel Kweku Dadzie jurg utzinger Daniel Adjei Boakye Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaLegonGhana SightSavers International Ghana OfficeAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of GhanaLegonGhana Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)programmes for the control of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana,have been ongoing in some endemic districts for 16 *** current study aimed to assess factors that govern the success of MDA programmes for breaking transmission of lymphatic filariasis in ***:The study was undertaken in two"hotspot"districts(Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West)and two control districts(Mpohor and Bongo)in *** were collected and identified using morphological and molecular tools.A proportion of the cibarial armatures of each species was *** were performed onAnopheles gambiae for filarial worm detection.A questionnaire was administered to obtain information on MDA compliance and vector control *** were compared between districts to determine factors that might explain persistent transmission of lymphatic ***:High numbers of mosquitoes were sampled in Ahanta West district compared to Mpohor district(F=16.09,P=0.002).There was no significant difference between the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Kassena Nankana West and Bongo districts(F=2.16,P=0.185).Mansonia species were predominant in Ahanta West *** mosquitoes were prevalent in all *** with infected and infective filarial worms was found only in Ahanta West *** differences were found in cibarial teeth numbers and shape for mosquito species in the surveyed *** MDA coverage was high in all *** average use of bednet and indoor residual spraying was 82.4 and 66.2%,*** was high compliance in the five preceding MDA rounds in Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West districts,both considered hotspots of lymphatic filariasis ***:The study on persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the two areas in Ghana present information that shows the importance of local understanding of factors affecting control and elimination of lymphatic

关键词： Ghana Hotspots Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Microfilariae Systematic non-compliance Vector control

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

Distinct clinical characteristics and helminth co-infections in adult tuberculosis patients from urban compared to rural Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 243-254页

作者： George Sikalengo jerry Hella Francis Mhimbira Liliana K.Rutaihwa Farida Bani Robert Ndege Mohamed Sasamalo Lujeko Kamwela Khadija Said Grace Mhalu Yeromin Mlacha Christoph Hatz Stefanie Knopp Sebastien Gagneux Klaus Reither jurg utzinger Marcel Tanner Emilio Letang Maja Weisser Lukas Fenner Ifakara Health Institute Dar es SalaamTanzania Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland' University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernBernSwitzerland

Background:Differences in rural and urban settings could account for distinct characteristics in the epidemiology of tuberculosis(TB).We comparatively studied epidemiological features of TB and helminth co-infections in adult patients from rural and urban settings of ***:Adult patients(≥18 years)with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB were consecutively enrolled into two cohorts in Dar es Salaam,with~4.4 million inhabitants(urban),and Ifakara in the sparsely populated Kilombero District with~400000 inhabitants(rural).Clinical data were obtained at *** and urine samples were subjected to diagnose helminthiases using Kato-Katz,Baermann,urine filtration,and circulating cathodic antigen *** between groups were assessed byχ2,Fisher’s exact,and Wilcoxon rank sum *** regression models were used to determine ***:Between August 2015 and February 2017,668 patients were enrolled,460(68.9%)at the urban and 208(31.1%)at the rural *** patient age was 35 years(interquartile range[IQR]:27-41.5 years),and 454(68%)were *** from the rural setting were older(median age 37 years vs.34 years,P=0.003),had a lower median body mass index(17.5 kg/m2 vs.18.5 kg/m2,Pjuste

关键词： Co-infection Helminth infection Recurrent tuberculosis Schistosomiasis Tanzania Tubercu