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On secondary new particle formation in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 191-200页

作者： Markku Kulmala tuukka petaja Veli-Matti Kerminen Joni Kujansuu Taina Ruuskanen Aijun Ding Wei Nie Min HU Zhibin Wang Zhijun Wu Lin Wang Douglas R. Worsnop University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 Helsinki 00014 Finland Joint Intemational Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST) Nanjing University and University of Helsinki Nanjing 210093 China Institute for Climate and Global Change Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210000 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Hahn-Meimer-Weg 1 Mainz DE 55128 Germany Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Aerodyne Research Inc. Billerica MA 01821 USA

Formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles is a global phenomenon that has been observed to take place in even heavily-polluted environments. However, in all environments there appears to be a threshold value of the condensation sink （due to pre-existing aerosol particles） after which the formation rate of 3 nm particles is no longer detected. In China new particle production has been observed at very high pollution levels （condensation sink about 0.1 s-1 ） m several megaclt es, including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing as well as in Pearl River Delta （PRD）. Here we summarize the recent findings obtained from these studies and discuss the various implications these findings will have on future research and policy.

关键词： Aerosol particles Heavily-polluted environments Condensation sink New particle production Megacities

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The Silk Road agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program

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Big Earth Data 2018年第1期2卷 8-35页

作者： Hanna K.Lappalainen Markku Kulmala Joni Kujansuu tuukka petaja Alexander Mahura Gerrit de Leeuw Sergej Zilitinkevich Merli Juustila Veli-Matti Kerminen Bob Bornstein Zhang Jiahua Xue Yong Qiu Yubao Liang Dong Liu Jie Guo Huadong Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Climate Research Programme University of TyumenTyumenRussia Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina The Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences(JirLatest) Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Radiophysics University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny NovgorodRussia Department of Geography Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Department of Meteorology and Climate Science San Jose State UniversitySan JoseCAUSA

The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road(B&R)aims at facilitating the twenty-first Century economic development of ***,climate change,air quality and related feedbacks are affecting the successful development of the environment and societies in the B&R geographical *** most urgent risks related to the atmospheric system,to the land system and to hydrospheric and cryospheric processes are changing climate-air quality interactions,air pollution,changing monsoon dynamics,land degradation,and the melting of Tibetan Plateau glaciers.A framework is needed in which a science and technology-based approach has the critical mass and expertise to identify the main steps toward solutions and is capable to implement this *** Pan-Eurasian Experiment(PEEX)program,initiated in 2012,aims to resolve science,technology and sustainability questions in the Northern Eurasian *** is now identifying its science agenda for the B&R *** fundamental element of the PEEX research agenda is the availability of comprehensive ground-based observations together with Earth observation *** complements the recently launched international scientific program called Digital Belt and Road(DBAR).PEEX has expertise to coordinate the ground-based observations and initiate new flagship stations,while DBAR provides a big data platform on Earth observation from China and countries along the Belt and Road *** DBAR and PEEX have joint interests and synergy expertise on monitoring on ecological environment,urbanization,cultural heritages,coastal zones,and arctic cold regions supporting the sustainable development of the Belt and Road *** this paper we identify the research themes of the PEEX related Silk Road agenda relevant to China and give an overview of the methodological requirements and present the infrastructure requirements needed to carry out large scale research program.

关键词： Silk road Economic Belt air quality land-climate feedbacks Earth observation data in situ observations multiscale modeling SMEa concept Pan-Eurasian Experiment(PEEX)program Digital Belt and road(DBa)program

Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations in Beijing:a station to understand the complex urban atmospheric environment

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Big Earth Data 2020年第3期4卷 295-321页

作者： Yongchun Liu Chao Yan Zemin Feng Feixue Zheng Xiaolong Fan Yusheng Zhang Chang Li Ying Zhou Zhuohui Lin Yishou Guo Ying Zhang Li Ma Wenshuo Zhou Zhikun Liu Lubna Dada Kaspar Dallenbach Jenni Kontkanen Runlong Cai Tommy Chan Biwu Chu Wei Du Lei Yao Yonghong Wang Jing Cai Juha Kangasluoma Tom Kokkonen Joni Kujansuu Anton Rusanen Chenjuan Deng Yueyun Fu Rujing Yin Xiaoxiao Li Yiqun Lu Yiliang Liu Chaofan Lian Dongsen Yang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Yuesi Wang Douglas R.Worsnop Heikki Junninen Hong He Veli-Matti Kerminen Jun Zheng Lin Wang Jingkun Jiang tuukka petaja Federico Bianchi Markku Kulmala Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aerodyne Research Inc. BillericaMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physics University of TartuTartuEstonia Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina

Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil *** key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term ***,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese *** station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol *** produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per *** this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.

关键词： Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observation air pollution complex photochemical smog haze new particle formation

Atmospheric and ecosystem big data providing key contributions in reaching United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 277-305页

作者： Markku Kulmala Anna Lintunen Ilona Ylivinkka Janne Mukkala Rosa Rantanen Joni Kujansuu tuukka Petäjä Hanna K.Lappalainen Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Sciences and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology(BUCT)BeijingChina Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Tyumen State University Department of CryosphereTyumenRussia fGuangzhou Institute of Geography Guangzhou Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research University of Helsinki Finland Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Big open data comprising comprehensive,long-term atmospheric and ecosystem in-situ observations will give us tools to meet global grand challenges and to contribute towards sustainable *** Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs)provide framework for the *** present synthesis on how Station for Measuring Earth Surface-Atmosphere Relations(SMEAR)observation network can contribute to UN *** describe SMEAR II flagship station in Hyytiälä,*** more than 1200 variables measured in an integrated manner,we can under-stand interactions and feedbacks between biosphere and *** contributes towards understanding impacts of climate change to natural ecosystems and feedbacks from ecosys-tems to *** benefits of SMEAR concept are highlighted through outreach project in Eastern Lapland utilizing SMEAR I observations from Värriöresearch *** contrast to boreal environment,SMEAR concept was also deployed in *** underline the benefits of comprehensive observations to gain novel insights into complex interactions between densely popu-lated urban environment and *** observations enable work towards solving air quality problems and improve the quality of life inside *** network of comprehensive stations with various measurements will enable science-based deci-sion making and support sustainable development by providing long-term view on spatio-temporal trends on atmospheric compo-sition and ecosystem parameters.

关键词： Grand challenges in-situ observations big open data SMEAR concept SDGs

Possible Correlation between INR and Serum Calcium

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第13期5卷 1180-1184页

作者： tuukka A. Helin Niko Wickholm Hannu Kautiainen Heikki Vapaatalo Clinical Chemistry and Hematology HUSLAB Laboratory Services Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Medcare Ltd. &Auml&aumlnekoski Finland

Experimental and clinical studies have shown that long term anticoagulation therapy with warfarin can induce vascular calcification which is preventable by vitamin K. Osteoporosis has been shown to be associated with vascular calcification. In the present study, we wanted to see, whether INR (International Normalized Ratio), a measure of prothrombin time, and serum calcium (corrected by albumin) correlate in laboratory data of 94 anticoagulation patients on warfarin therapy. When adjusted on age and sex, there was an inverse correlation between the two variables. Clinical relevance of this observation and explanation of lowered calcium levels in blood parallel to increase in INR-values remain to be studied further.

关键词： Warfarin INR Serum Calcium Vascular Calcification

The impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation: a common finding on three continents

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 140-150页

作者： Hao Wu Zhanqing Li Hanqing Li Kun Luo Yuying Wang Peng Yan Fei Hu Fang Zhang Yele Sun Dongjie Shang Chunsheng Liang Dongmei Zhang Jing Wei Tong Wu Xiaoai Jin Xinxin Fan Maureen Cribb Marc L.Fischer Markku Kulmala tuukka Pet?j? State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal University ESSIC and Department of Atmospheric Science University of MarylandCollege Park State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University

A new mechanism of new particle formation(NPF) is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents,including Beijing,China;the Southern Great Plains site in the USA;and SMEAR Ⅱ Station in Hyytiala,Finland.D espite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites,a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability *** stability parameter(ζ=Z/L,where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin-Obukhov length) is found to play an important role;it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable,which may serve as an indicator of nucleation *** the atmosphere becomes unstable,the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development,which influences the evolution of the condensation ***,the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles,effectively reducing the condensation sink,especially at coarse mode to foster *** new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events.

关键词： new particle formation turbulence development molecular dynamic

Research agenda for the Russian Far East and utilization of multiplatform comprehensive environmental observations

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第3期14卷 311-337页

作者： tuukka Petäjä Kirill S.Ganzei Hanna K.Lappalainen Ksenia Tabakova Risto Makkonen Jouni Räisänen Sergey Chalov Markku Kulmala Sergej Zilitinkevich Petr Ya Baklanov Renat B.Shakirov Natalia V.Mishina Evgeny G.Egidarev Igor I.Kondrat’ev Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Department of Cryosphere Tyumen State University TyumenRussia Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences VladivostokRussia Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia V.I.Ilyichov Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences VladivostokRussia

The Russian Far East is a region between China and the Russian Arctic with a diverse climatological,geophysical,oceanic,and economical *** southern region is located in the Far East monsoon sector,while the northern parts are affected by the Arctic Ocean and cold air masses penetrating far to the *** economic activities and traffic connected to the China Belt and Road Initiative together with climate change are placing an increased pressure upon the Russian Far East *** is an urgent need to improve the capacity to measure the atmospheric and environmental pollution and analyze their sources and to quantify the relative roles of local and transported pollution emissions in the *** the paper,we characterize the current environmental and socio-economical landscape of the Russian Far East and summarize the future climate scenarios and identify the key regional research *** discuss the research infrastructure concept,which is needed to answer the identified research *** integrated observations,filling in the critical observational gap at the Northern Eurasian context,are required to provide state-of-the-art observations and enable follow-up procedures that support local,regional,and global decision making in the environmental context.

关键词： Russian Far East greenhouse gases aerosol particles insitu observations Earth observation data

Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017

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National Science Review 2020年第8期7卷 1331-1339页

作者： Yonghong Wang Wenkang Gao Shuai Wang Tao Song Zhengyu Gong Dongsheng Ji Lili Wang Zirui Liu Guiqian Tang Yanfeng Huo Shili Tian Jiayun Li Mingge Li Yuan Yang Biwu Chu tuukka Pet?j? Veli-Matti Kerminen Hong He Jiming Hao Markku Kulmala Yuesi Wang Yuanhang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research University of Helsinki China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM2.5concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ～7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO2, NO2and CO（a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds） could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM2.5concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol,nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future.

关键词： air pollution clean-air action particulate matter surface ozone China chemical composition

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赫尔辛基Viikki学生住宅

城市环境设计 2011年第3期 144-149页

作者： Johanna Ojanlatva Veikko Ojanlatva tuukka Vuori Ulla Sepp Playa建筑事务所

这4幢建筑是大型Viikki科学园住宅区的第一建设阶段。该住宅区块由7栋5层公寓楼和一座4层的停车楼组成。基地位于Viikki科学园内,主要由赫尔辛基大学的建筑物组成。基地南边与

关键词：赫尔辛基赫尔辛福芬兰科学园 Viikki 赫尔辛基大学建筑物公寓楼