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Fermentative bio-hydrogen production using lignocellulosic waste biomass:a revie

Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第4期2卷 249-264页

作者： Khushboo Swapnil Bhurat tushar banerjee Jitendra Kumar Pandey Pranoti Belapurkar School of Life Science Devi Ahilya Vishwa VidyalayaIndoreMadhya PradeshIndia Department of Research and Development University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradunIndia Department of Biosciences Acropolis InstituteIndoreMadhya PradeshIndia

Solid waste management needs,increasing pollution level by burning or dumping of waste,and the use of fossil fuels and depleting energy resources are a few of the problems of the decade that need to find *** of lots of compound polymers-rich biomass waste is done worldwide by dumping on land or into water bodies or else by incineration or long-term storage in an available facility *** kind of disposal instead becomes a reason to add the soil,water,and air pollution.A lot of multidisciplinary collaboration in different streams of science and technology has added to the efficiency of using such waste for use as an alternative energy form,like biogas and *** use of biogas plants for converting biological waste into methane using municipal solid waste(MSW)is known since a long *** with MSW,a lot of other agricultural waste and kitchen waste are also added every day to *** the complex components of such waste material like lignocellulosic wastes still don’t pass the test of qualifying as a resource for biogas and even more energy-efficient and cleaner biofuel,*** may be because of its complicated structure and a lot of parameters that affect its use for converting it into *** review is designed to analyze and compare these parameters for optimum lignocellulosic waste conversion,more specifically agriculture and food waste,into cleaner energy forms that would help to tackle the solid waste management and air pollution control more effectively.

关键词： Bio-hydrogen Biofuel Lignocellulosic waste Second-generation biofuels Factors affecting bio-hydrogen production

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Optimizing calcination of coal by-products for maximizing REE leaching recovery and minimizing Al,Ca,and Fe contamination

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1354-1365,I0006页

作者： tushar Gupta Ahmad Nawab Rick Honaker MP Materials Mountain Pass Mine 67750 Bailey RoadMountain PassCA92366USA Department of Mining Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA

High-temperature calcination is effective in improving the leaching characteristics of rare earth elements(REEs)from conventional REE-bearing minerals by transforming them into more leachable ***,the recovery of contaminants such as Al,Fe,and Ca also increases *** objective of the study was to maximize the REE extraction while minimizing the concentration of contaminant ions(Al,Ca,and Fe)in the leach *** density fractions of the coarse refuse from the Baker and Fire Clay seam coal refuse were pulverized to a top size of 180μm and used as a feedstock for the *** the samples generated from thermal treatment were leached at 1%(w/v)using 1.2 mol/L sulfuric acid at 75℃ for 2 *** results from a parametric program based on a Box-Behnken design were used for modeling and optimization of three operating parameters associated with the lab-scale calcination *** parameters included temperature(400-800℃),ramp rate(2-10℃/min)and holding time(0-120 min).It was determined that the calcination temperature was the most significant parameter influencing REE *** majority of the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs)were found to be present in an insoluble form in the calcination products and were marginally affected by thermal treatment.A strong correlation between light rare earth elements recovery(LREEs)and Al suggested a possible association with *** optimum operating conditions for high REE recovery with comparatively lower contaminant concentration for 1.6 specific gravity float and 2.2 sink fractions of Baker and Fire Clay seam material were determined to be at 776,800℃ and 407,800℃,calcining temperatures,respectively.A higher optimum temperature of 1.6 float fraction of Baker seam relative to Fire Clay seam material was due to elevated pyrite concentration in Baker seam *** treatment at 400℃ converted pyrite into a soluble intermedium iron oxide,resulting in a high Fe content in the ***

关键词： Calcination Optimization Rare earth elements Coal refuse

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Observation of trapped light induced by Dwarf Dirac-cone in out-of-plane condition for photonic crystals

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第10期25卷 314-322页

作者： Subir Majumder tushar Biswas Shaymal K Bhadra Fiber Optics and Photonics Division CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute

Existence of out-of-plane conical dispersion for a triangular photonic crystal lattice is reported. It is observed that conical dispersion is maintained for a number of out-of-plane wave vectors（k;）. We study a case where Dirac like linear dispersion exists but the photonic density of states is not vanishing, called Dwarf Dirac cone（DDC） which does not support localized modes. We demonstrate the trapping of such modes by introducing defects in the crystal. Interestingly, we find by k-point sampling as well as by tuning trapped frequency that such a conical dispersion has an inherent light confining property and it is governed by neither of the known wave confining mechanisms like total internal reflection, band gap guidance. Our study reveals that such a conical dispersion in a non-vanishing photonic density of states induces unexpected intense trapping of light compared with those at other points in the continuum. Such studies provoke fabrication of new devices with exciting properties and new functionalities.

关键词： band structure photonic band gap materials multilayers superlattices photonic structures meta-materials

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Formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2023年第1期6卷 36-48页

作者： tushar Meshram Jiwang Yan School of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityHiyoshi 3-14-1Kohoku-kuYokohama 223-8522Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityHiyoshi 3-14-1Kohoku-kuYokohama 223-8522Japan

Reaction-bonded silicon carbide(RB-SiC)is an excellent engineering material with high hardness,stiffness,and resistance to chemical ***,its widespread use is hindered due to the properties mentioned above,making it difficult to machine functional surface structures through mechanical and chemical *** study investigated the fundamental characteristics of laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSSs)on RB-SiC via femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation at a wavelength of 1028 ***-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL)and high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)formed on the surface along directions perpendicular to the laser *** grains surrounded by a large amount of Si show a reduced threshold for LIPSS *** varying laser fluence and scanning speed,HSFL-LSFL hybrid structures were generated on the SiC *** electron microscopy observations and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to understand the formation mechanism of the hybrid LIPSS.A possible mechanism based on the generation of multiple surface electromagnetic waves due to the nonlinear response of SiC was proposed to explain the hybrid structure ***,the direction of laser scanning with respect to laser polarization affects the uniformity of the generated LIPSS.

关键词： Reaction-bonded silicon carbide Surface texturing Laser-induced periodic surface structure Composite material Hybrid nanostructure

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Double-vessel verylate stent thrombosis following Resolute Onyx zotarolimus eluting stents implantation in an octogenarian

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第10期15卷 639-643页

作者： George Kassimis tushar Raina Department of Cardiology Cheltenham General HospitalGloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCheltenhamUnited Kingdom Second Department of Cardiology Hippokration HospitalMedieal SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece

Compared with bare-metal stents (BMS),drug-eluting stems (DES)have shown better clinical outcomes for pa- tients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by inhibition of neo-intirnal hyperplasia.[1]However,early- generation DES produced late thrombotic events,more than l-year,by delaying arterial healing of stented vessels,[2-5] New-generation DES have been developed'with thinner stent struts,more biocompatible polymer coatings for drug release,and a variety of antiproliferative agents with similar or superior anti-restenotic efficacy.[6]This development has led to a significant improvement in the efficacy and safety of new-generation DES,and consistently lower rates of very late stent thrombosis (VLST).[7,8]In fact,use of new-ge- neration DES is the standard treatment in contemporary PCI practice.[9]

关键词： Double vessel occlusion Myocardial infarction Very late stent thrombosis Zotarolimus eluting stents

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Petrogenesis of the Neoarchean zincian chromite within ultramafic xenoliths,Bastar Craton,India

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第3期42卷 471-487页

作者： Arpita Karmakar tushar Meshram Mohammad Asif Yogesh Pandey Geological Survey of India Vasudha BhawanKumarswamy LayoutBangalore 560111India Geological Survey of India NagpurIndia Geological Survey of India RaipurIndia

The present study reports and discusses the genesis of zincian chromite in the ultramafic xenoliths from the Dongripali area,Bastar craton,Central *** zincian chromite is in the ultramafic xenoliths of Bengpal supracrustal rock hosted by Neoarchaean Bundeli *** zincian chromite shows a range of Cr_(2)O_(3)(39.69 to 51.66 wt%),Al_(2)O_(3)(05.30 wt%to 08.71 wt%),FeO(21.74 wt%to 27.51 wt%),Fe_(2)O_(3)(10.19 wt%to 19.36wt%)with higher ZnO content ranging from 1.73 wt%to 4.08 wt%.Accordingly,their Cr#[Cr/(Cr+Al)]varies in a narrow range from 0.83 to *** calculated melt composition supports metamorphic or post-magmatic nature rather than common occurrences such as inclusion in diamonds,meteorites,and association with any sulfide-rich mineralised *** reveals that the post-magmatic processes play a vital role in transforming chromite to zincian *** empirical thermometric calculation from chromite,amphibole,and pyroxene support their metamorphic origin and formed during low-P and high-T amphibolite grade facies of metamorphism(~700℃).The Neoarchaean granitic magmatism has a significant role in generating and transferring the heat during contact metamorphism with hydration of ultramafic xenoliths and further alteration,i.e.,*** olivine is a major repository for Mn,Zn,and Co in peridotite/ultramafic;these elements get mobilised during the metamorphism and *** is a possible reason for the mobilisation of zinc and incorporation in the chromite within altered *** a result,chromiterich ultramafic xenolith subjected to metamorphic process gets enrichment of Zn and Fe due to elemental *** converts common chromite into zincian chromite,as reported in altered ultramafics elsewhere.

关键词： Zincian chromite Ultramafic Neoarchaean granitic magmatism High-grade metamorphism

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A critical review on solid-state welding of high entropy alloys-processing,microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of joints

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 78-133页

作者： tushar Sonar Mikhail Ivanov Evgeny Trofimov Aleksandr Tingaev Ilsiya Suleymanova Department of Welding Engineering Institution of Engineering and TechnologySouth Ural State University(National Research University)Chelyabinsk454080Russia Department of Materials Science Physical and Chemical Properties of MaterialsInstitution of Engineering and TechnologySouth Ural State University(National Research University)Chelyabinsk454080Russia

The high entropy alloys(HEAs)are the newly developed high-performance materials that have gained significant importance in defence,nuclear and aerospace sector due to their superior mechanical properties,heat resistance,high temperature strength and corrosion *** alloys are manufactured by the equal mixing or larger proportions of five or more alloying *** exhibit superior mechanical performance compared to traditional engineering alloys because of the extensive alloying composition and higher entropy of *** state welding(SSW)techniques such as friction stir welding(FSW),rotary friction welding(RFW),diffusion bonding(DB)and explosive welding(EW)have been efficiently deployed for improving the microstructural integrity and mechanical properties of welded HEA *** HEA interlayers revealed greater potential in supressing the formation of deleterious intermetallic phases and maximizing the mechanical properties of HEAs *** similar and dissimilar joining of HEAs has been manifested to be viable for HEA systems which further expands their industrial ***,the main objective of this review paper is to present a critical review of current state of research,challenges and opportunities and main directions in SSW of HEAs mainly CoCrFeNiMn and Al_xCoCrFeNi *** state of the art of problems,progress and future outlook in SSW of HEAs are critically reviewed by considering the formation of phases,microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of HEAs joints.

关键词： High entropy alloys Solid state welding Microstructure Mechanical properties

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Perspectives of physicians regarding screening patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第3期4卷 237-240,I0003页

作者： Shishira Bharadwaj tushar D Gohel Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology the Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA

Background and aims:Screening patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)facilitates early detection of disease,with improved *** most common causes of HCC include chronic viral hepatitis infection—namely hepatitis B,hepatitis C,and *** aim of this study was to assess the awareness of screening among physicians involved in the management of patients at risk for ***:Three hundred physicians from three academic centers were invited to participate in a mailed survey *** main outcome measure was physicians’knowledge of the current HCC screening *** and clinical variables were obtained from the survey ***:A total of 177(59.0%)out of the 300 invited physicians responded to the survey questionnaire,including faculty members(n=129),residents(n=46),and fellows(n=2).The specialty areas of the responding physicians were internal medicine(62.1%),family medicine(16.4%),gastroenterology(15.3%),oncology(3.4%)and others(2.8%).The number of physicians who performed HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C infection were 163(92.1%)and 167(94.4%),respectively;35.0%of them used alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)every 6 months,while 22.0%used imaging modalities every 6 months to screen for ***,22 physicians(12.4%)did not check for serum AFP levels and 33(18.6%)never used imaging to screen for ***:The majority of the participating physicians screen high-risk patients for ***,the most appropriate modality of screening(***)is not employed by most physicians and there is greater reliance on AFP levels.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma screening chronic liver disease cirrhosis

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Influence of magnetically constricted arc traverse speed (MCATS) on tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of welded Inconel 718 alloy sheets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1395-1413页

作者： tushar Sonar Visvalingam Balasubramanian Sudersanan Malarvizhi Thiruvenkatam Venkateswaran Dhenuvakonda Sivakumar Centre for Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608002Tamilnadu StateIndia Heat Treatment and Welding Metallurgy Division(HWMD) Materials and Metallurgy Group(MMG)Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre(VSSC)ISROThiruvananthpuram695022Kerala StateIndia

The magnetically constricted arc technique was implemented to mitigate the heat input related metallurgical problems in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW)of Inconel 718 alloy particularly Nb segregation and subsequent laves phase evolution in fusion *** paper reports the direct effect of magnetically constricted arc traverse speed(MCATS)on bead profile,tensile properties and microstructural evolution of Inconel 718 alloy sheets joined by Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding(GTCAW)*** mechanism amenable for the microstructural modification and corresponding influence on the tensile properties of joints is investigated both in qualitative and quantitative manner related to the mechanics of arc constriction and *** is correlated to the solidification conditions during *** relationship between MCATS and Arc Constriction Current(ACC)was *** interaction effect on the magnetic arc constriction and joint performance was *** showed that the joints fabricated using CATS of 70 mm/min exhibited superior tensile properties(98.39% of base metal strength with 31.50% elongation).It is attributed to the grain refinement in fusion zone microstructure leading to the evolution of finer,discrete laves phase in interdendritic areas.

关键词： GTCA welding Inconel 718 alloy Magnetically constricted arc traverse speed Tensile properties Microstructure Laves phase

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Development of port fuel injected methanol(M85)-fuelled two-wheeler for sustainable transport

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第3期7卷 298-311页

作者： tushar Agarwal Akhilendra Pratap Singh Avinash Kumar Agarwal Engine R esearch Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

Due to increasingly stringent environmental pollution norms,there is a need for alternate combustion techniques and alternate fuels to keep up with changing *** of the viable solutions for India is the adaptation of methanol as a fuel for automotive ***,in this study a functional two-wheeler prototype was developed,which uses M85(85%v/v methanol and 15%v/v gasoline)in an electronic control unit(ECU)controlled port fuel injected(PFI)*** study included comparative investigations of simulated on-road two-wheeler performance on chassis dynamometer using a gasoline-fuelled motorcycle with stock ECU vis-a-vis M85-fuelled motorcycle using recalibrated *** recalibration exhibited that M85-fuelled vehicle was operated at relatively more advanced spark timing compared to baseline gasoline-fuelled *** results showed that M85-fuelled motorcycle produced relatively higher engine power and higher maximum vehicle speed compared to gasoline-fuelled *** superior acceleration characteristics(especially at higher speeds)of M85-fuelled motorcycle was another important finding of this study,indicating that M85 provided superior throttle response compared to *** analysis of raw tailpipe emissions showed that modified M85-fuelled motorcycle emitted relatively higher hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO)and oxides of nitrogen(NO_x)emissions compared to stock gasoline-fuelled ***,these emissions can be controlled by using adaptation of suitable after-treatment systems.

关键词： Methanol Electronic control unit(ECU) Electronic fuel injection(EFI) ECU calibration Engine performance Emission

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