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Direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus and lipid metabolism

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第31期23卷 5645-5649页

作者： tatsuo kanda mitsuhiko moriyama division of gastro-enterology and hepatology department of medicine nihon university school of medicine

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces steatosis and is accompanied by multiple metabolic alterations including hyperuricemia, reversible hypocholesterolemia and insulin resistance. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels are increased by peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy when a sustained virologic response (SVR) is achieved in patients with HCV. Steatosis is significantly more common in patients with HCV genotype 3 but interferon-free regimens are not always effective for treating HCV genotype 3 infections. HCV infection increases fatty acid synthase levels, resulting in the accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes. Of note, low-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 proteins are candidate receptors that may be involved in HCV. They are also required for the uptake of cholesterol from the external environment of hepatocytes. Among HCV-infected patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, changes in serum lipid profiles are observed during interferon-free treatment and after the achievement of an SVR. It is evident that HCV affects cholesterol metabolism during interferon-free regimens. Although higher SVR rates were achieved with interferon-free treatment of HCV, special attention must also be paid to unexpected adverse events based on host metabolic changes including hyperlipidemia.

关键词： Cholesterol Hepatitis C virus Interferon-free Lipid metabolism

Cathodoluminescence of diamond synthesized from silicon-carbide

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第3期41卷 208-212页

作者：洪时明 kanda Hisao 芶立 National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan

As a wide energy gap semiconductor, diamond is expected to play a role in UV light-emitting diode or laser. However, the impurities and vacancies in diamond exert a great influence on optical properties of the crystals. It is important, therefore, to study the relation between impurities and the optical properties, and furthermore, to study the control of the impurities.

关键词： high pressure synthesis diamond cathodoluminescence optical centre.

Emerging evidence of the molecular landscape specific for hematogenous metastasis from gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第6期10卷 124-136页

作者： Dai Shimizu Mitsuro kanda Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya 466-8550Japan

Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most frequentlydiagnosed cancers in the world. Most GC patients are diagnosed when the cancer is in an advanced stage, and consequently, some develop metastatic lesions that generally cause cancer-related death. Metastasis establishment is affected by various conditions, such as tumor location, hemodynamics and organotropism. While digestive cancers may share a primary site, certain cases develop hematogenous metastasis with the absence of peritoneal metastasis, and vice versa. Numerous studies have revealed the clinicopathological risk factors for hematogenous metastasis from GC, such as vascular invasion, advanced age, differentiation, Borrmann type 1 or 2 and expansive growth. Recently, molecular mechanisms that contribute to metastatic site determination have been elucidated by advanced molecular biological techniques. Investigating the molecules that specifically participate in metastasis establishment in distinct secondary organs will lead to the development of novel biomarkers for patient stratification according to their metastatic risk and strategies for preventing and treating distinct metastases. We reviewed articles related to the molecular landscape of hematogenous metastasis from GC.

关键词： Gastric cancer Hematogenous metastasis Hepatic metastasis Molecular mechanism Biomarker Premetastatic niche

Long-lasting discussion: Adverse effects of intraoperative blood loss and allogeneic transfusion on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2743-2751页

作者： Koki Nakanishi Mitsuro kanda Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

Gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection is the most promising treatment avenue for patients with gastric cancer. However, this procedure sometimes induces excessive intraoperative blood loss and requires perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. There are lasting discussions and controversies about whether intraoperative blood loss or perioperative blood transfusion has adverse effects on the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. We reviewed laboratory and clinical evidence of these associations in patients with gastric cancer. A large amount of clinical evidence supports the correlation between excessive intraoperative blood loss and adverse effects on the prognosis. The laboratory evidence revealed three possible causes of such adverse effects: anti-tumor immunosuppression, unfavorable postoperative conditions, and peritoneal recurrence by spillage of cancer cells into the pelvis. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested the adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusions on prognostic parameters such as all-cause mortality, recurrence, and postoperative complications. There are two possible causes of adverse effects of blood transfusions on the prognosis: Anti-tumor immunosuppression and patient-related confounding factors (e.g., preoperative anemia). These factors are associated with a worse prognosis and higher requirement for perioperative blood transfusions. Surgeons should make efforts to minimize intraoperative blood loss and transfusions during gastric cancer surgery to improve patients’ prognosis.

关键词： Gastric cancer Blood loss Prognosis Transfusion Adverse effect Immunosuppression Mortality Recurrence Complication

Androgen receptor signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9229-9236页

作者： Tatsuo kanda Xia Jiang Osamu Yokosuka Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba UniversityGraduate School of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer remain difficult to treat, and despite the ongoing development of new treatments, the overall survival rate has only modestly improved over the past decade. Liver and pancreatic progenitors commonly develop from endoderm cells in the embryonic foregut. A previous study showed that HCC and pancreatic cancer cell lines variably express androgen receptor (AR), and these cancers and the surrounding tissues also express AR. AR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Androgen response element is present in regulatory elements on the AR-responsive target genes, such as transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is well known that the activation of AR is associated with human carcinogenesis in prostate cancer as well as HCC and pancreatic cancer and that GRP78, TGF beta, and VEGF all play important roles in carcinogenesis and cancer development in these cancers. HCC is a male-dominant cancer irrespective of its etiology. Previous work has reported that vertebrae forkhead box A 1/2 are involved in estrogen receptors and/or AR signaling pathways, which may contribute to the gender differences observed with HCC. Our recent work also showed that AR has a critical role in pancreatic cancer development, despite pancreatic cancer not being a male dominant cancer. Aryl hydrocarbon (or dioxin) receptor is also involved in both HCC and pancreatic cancer through the formation of complex with AR. It is possible that AR might be involved in their carcinogenesis through major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A/B. This review article describes AR and its role in HCC and pancreatic cancer and suggests that more specific AR signaling-inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of these “difficult to treat” cancers.

关键词： Androgen receptor Gender difference Hepatocellular carcinoma Male-dominant Pancreas

Micronization of curcumin with biodegradable polymer by supercritical anti-solvent using micro swirl mixer

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 184-193页

作者： Kimthet Chhouk Wahyudiono Hideki kanda Shin-Ichro Kawasaki Motonobu Goto Department of Chemical Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Institute of Technology of Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodia Department of Materials Process Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan Research Institute for Chemical Engineering Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Sendai 983-8551 Japan

Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol compound exhibiting a wide range of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-carcinogenic, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, and antimicrobial activity. In this employed to produce the work, a swirl mixer was micronized curcumin with polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） by the supercritical antisolvent process to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The effects of operating parameters such as curcumin/PVP ratio, feed concentration, temperature, pressure, and CO2 flow rate were investigated. The characterization and solubility of particles were determined by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy. The result shows that the optimal condition for the production of curcumin/PVP particles is at curcumin/PVP ratio of 1：30, feed concentration of 5 mg·mL^-1, temperature of 40 ℃, pressure of 15 MPa, and CO2 flow rate of 15 mL·min^-1. Moreover, the dissolution of curcumin/PVP particles is faster than that of raw curcumin.

关键词： micronization curcumin polyvinylpyrrolidone supercritical anti-solvent swirl mixer

Is the measurement of drain amylase content useful for predicting pancreas-related complications after gastrectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第14期26卷 1594-1600页

作者： Koki Nakanishi Mitsuro kanda Junichi Sakamoto Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya 466-8550Japan Tokai Central Hospital Kakamigahara 504-8601Japan

Many studies investigating postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)after gastrectomy,including studies measuring drain amylase content(D-AMY)as a predictive factor have been *** article reviews previous studies and looks to the future of measuring D-AMY in patients after *** causes of pancreatic fluid leakage are;the parenchymal and/or thermal injury to the pancreas,and blunt injury to the pancreas by compression and *** of D-AMY to predict POPF has become common in clinical practice after pancreatic surgery and was later extended to the gastric *** studies have reported associations between D-AMY and POPF after gastrectomy,and the high value of D-AMY on postoperative day(POD)1 was an independent risk *** improve both sensitivity and specificity,attempts have been made to enhance the predictive accuracy of factors on POD 1 as well as on POD 3 as combined *** several studies have shown a high predictive ability of POPF,it has not necessarily been exploited in clinical *** problems remain unresolved;ideal timing for measurement,optimal cut-off value,and means of intervention after *** clinical trial could be imperative in order to develop D-AMY measurement in common clinical practice for gastric surgery.

关键词： Gastric cancer Drain amylase Postoperative pancreatic fistula Pancreasrelated complications Gastrectomy Early prediction

Effective use of the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team classification based on diagnostic performance and confidence level

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第18期7卷 2658-2665页

作者： Daizen Hirata Hiroshi Kashida Mineo Iwatate tomomasa Tochio Akira Teramoto Yasushi Sano Masatoshi Kudo Gastrointestinal Center and Institute of Minimally-invasive Endoscopic Care Sano HospitalKobe 6550031Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai UniversityOsaka 5895811Japan

Five years have passed since the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification was proposed in 2014. However, the diagnostic performance of this classification has not yet been established. We conducted a retrospective study and a systematic search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line. There were three retrospective single center studies about the diagnostic performance of this classification. In order to clarify this issue, we reviewed our study and three previous studies. This review revealed the diagnostic performance in regards to three important differentiations.(1) Neoplasia from non-neoplasia;(2) malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia;and (3) deep submucosal invasive cancer (D-SMC) from other neoplasia. The sensitivity in differentiating neoplasia from non-neoplasia was 98.1%-99.8%. The specificity in differentiating malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia was 84.7%-98.2% and the specificity in the differentiation D-SMC from other neoplasia was 99.8%-100.0%. This classification would enable endoscopists to identify almost all neoplasia, to appropriately determine whether to perform en bloc resection or not, and to avoid unnecessary surgery. This article is the first review about the diagnostic performance of the JNET classification. Previous reports about the diagnostic performance have all been retrospective single center studies. A large-scale prospective multicenter evaluation study is awaited for the validation.

关键词： Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team Classification Magnifying endoscopy Narrow-band imaging Validation Diagnostic performance Colonoscopy Colorectal neoplasms

Are direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus infection not associated with the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 423-425页

作者： Masahiro Ogawa Tatsuo kanda Mitsuhiko Moriyama Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Before the use of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) against HCV, liver transplantation was one of the best ways to achieve long-term survival and a better prognosis in patients with HCV infection and advanced liver fibrosis (1). In the interferon era, it is difficult for HCV infected patients with advanced liver fibrosis to achieve sustained virological response (SVR) because interferon therapy causes severe adverse events and these completely hamper this treatment in these patients.

关键词： interferon infection hepatocellular